metal detectors to enter their synagogue. we have seen murder and the attacks and jewish museum in brussels and last month in co copenhagen. then there are the signs we cannot see but that are no less chilling jews thinking twice before shopping in a kosher shopping market putting on a kip kipa or hang ging a flag outside a home. in 2004 all countries for cooperation in europe including the united states convened in berlin to make a historic pledge to combat all forms of anti-semitism. when last november the countries reassembled to mark the 10th anniversary of that pledge president obama asked me to lead the presidential delegation to the meeting. what i told the leaders gathered there is what you already know. anti-semitic attacks are not only a threat to the jewish community, a threat to european