country and around the world the kind of engagement we're doing, the networks that we're building. the kinds of things we're doing in the digital space. they're important but they're not credible to the extent we need them to be. what we need to see is a proportional effort in the digital space by nongovernment actors that can compete with the narratives of the extremists and the only way to do that is to find ways in which governments, both our government and across the globe, interface with the local organic efforts that are taking place. and that can happen in a lot of different ways. what we've seen in 14 years since 9/11 is that there have been microsolutions at a very grassroots level that have promise. and what we haven't seen is the ability for them to scale up. so i really think that paris is an opportunity for us to take a really cold, hard look at where we've been and assess where we must go and the only way to defeat isis is not just to look at the physical war. it is diminish the ability for