since 1978 before the deregulation act. before that, it could be mandated by the faa and if it wasn't mandated, they would have stiff fines for not doing it. the reason they could do that, they were actually regulating the rates that the airlines could charge. so if you had to implement an expensive technology, that cost would be passed on through a government approval process into increased rates. >> and what you're effectively talking about is an air traffic control system overhaul, and the battle, as i understand it, is the money. the faa says we need it. congress won't give them the money, so they say manage your resources better. and who is wrong? >> you know, both of them. both of them are wrong. because first of all, why did congress allow the faa to have this kind of money without proper planning and measures in place to say, are you performing the way you do it. any investor, any investor is going to do that. they're going to ask for performance measures on especially $40 billion. so now they issue this $40