of the senate since it began 232 years ago. >> will you insist on keeping the 60-vote threshold, is that important? >> well, that's -- that's, you know, what we have. that's what we've always had for 232 years. that's what basically makes us a little bit different than any place else in the floor. >> the nuclear option is off the table for you? >> i don't see any other way around it. >> so here are the facts. this is the thing. he's flat-out wrong. joining me to discuss, adam donaldson, former deputy chief of staff to senator harry reid, also the author of "kill switch: the rise of the modern senate." thank you for being with us. experts are pointing out that the senate has not in fact operated this way through most of the history. give us the facts. did the framers really intend to have the filibuster that manchin is defending? >> absolutely not, and they were clear about this. when the senate was created the framers created it as a