Transcripts For CNBC 60 Minutes On CNBC 20130220

[ticking] it was in this remote cambodian village that Nicholas Negroponte came up with his idea to give a laptop computer to every child in the world. The first english word of every child in that village was google. [laughs] the village has no electricity, no telephone, no television. [childs voice] and the children take laptops home that are connected, broadband, to the internet. And that was just the beginning. The one laptop per child computer is a computing revolution. [ticking] [sprightly music] the National Youth orchestra is so much in demand, its on the road more than most professional orchestras. Its been hailed as the future of Classical Music itself. And its all about children, about saving them, hundreds of thousands of children, through music. Honk [orchestral music] consider the life of Jose Gregorio hernandez. [dramatic conclusion] his blindness didnt stop the orchestra from letting him be as much a part of it as any other kid. [whistles and applause] you can see the result for yourselfmagical. [ticking] youve probably never seen anything as adorable as a fivedayold elephant. But this story is more about her mother. Her name is mpenzi. She is the large lady lending a helping trunk. Mpenzi didnt grow up in the wild. She was an orphan and was raised here, at an orphanage for elephants in kenya. These kids have all lost a parent to poachers, mainly. And here theyre cared for by the gentlest men youve ever met. Not only do they spend all day with their elephants; when its sleep time, they bed down right next to them. Welcome to 60 minutes on cnbc. Im bob simon. In this edition, we visit with a trio seeking to make a difference by offering a helping hand to those in need. We begin with Nicholas Negroponte, a professor at mit. Hes the founder of a Nonprofit Organization called one laptop per child. His vision is for every child to have a laptop computer, and with it, the possibility of a better future. He recruited a cadre of engineers and programmers who created the lowcost xo laptop. It costs less than 200 and is designed to be used in some of the most impoverished places on the planet. As lesley stahl reported in may 2007, negropontes dream was ambitious. To understand it better, lets go back to where that dream was born cambodia. The idea came to him in a remote village called reaksmy, a fourhour drive on a dirt road from the nearest town. Its as far from mit as you can get. They dont even have running water. [bell being struck] stand by. Negroponte and his family founded a school here in 1999, putting in a satellite dish and generators. [generator whirring] then they gave the children laptops. Instantly, school became a lot more popular. Hows the way that its sunny kids who had never seen a computer before were now crossing the digital divide. Its sunny today Nicholas Negroponte was knocked out. The first english word of every child in that village was google. [laughs] the village has no electricity, no telephone, no television. [dog barking] and the children take laptops home that are connected, broadband, to the internet. [childs voice] when they take the laptops home, the kids often teach the whole family how to use it. [laughter] families loved it cause it was the brightest light source in the house. cause they had no electricity. Talk about a metaphor and reality simultaneously. It just illuminated that household. We have to go to study computer now. Yes . [children] yes good. Once the computers were there, School Attendance went way up. This year, for example, 50 more children showed up for first grade. In cambodia . Yeah, because the kids who were in first grade last year told the other kids, you know, school is pretty cool. Negroponte wanted this for all children everywhere. But he realized conventional computers were too expensive, and so his dream was born. And this is it a lowbudget computer for children. [speaking portuguese ] children like these secondgraders in a poor school in sao paulo, brazil. Each child has been given his or her own machine as part of a test for the brazilian government to see if they should buy them for all their schoolchildren. This must be pretty exciting for you, to see these children. Its very exciting. Its very gratifying. Its been two years in the making. The children seem to especially like the builtin camera that takes stills and video. Shes taking a picture of us taking a picture of her. Right. It also has wifi. Shes on the web . Yeah, she seems to be on the web. Negropontes idea was that kids dont need teachers to learn the computer. They can pick it up by experimenting on their own, or, as in this case, with help from a friend. That is what were doing, is that that kid is showing this kid. That is key. They get it instantly. It takes a tenyearold child about three minutes. And youre talking about children whove never worked on a computer . Children whove never, in some cases, seen electricity. You go into countries where there may not be enough food, where the children may not have good enough education to even teach them to read. Why a laptop . It almost sounds like a luxury for these people who need so much more than that. Let me take two countries, pakistan and nigeria. 50 of the children in both of those countries are not in school. At all. At all. They have no schools; they dont even have trees under which a teacher might stand. Youre saying, give them a laptop even if they dont go to school . Especially if they dont go to school. Oh, my. If they dont go to school, this is school in a box. Negroponte took a leave of absence from mit and has done little else but work on this ever since. So, Nicholas Negroponte. Yes. Whats in it for you . Nothing. Absolutely nothing. He says its purely humanitarian and nonprofit. With startup money from google and other big companies, he assembled a team of engineers and programmers to come up with something that would stand up to third world conditions. You can pour water on the keyboard. You can dip it intoyou know, you can dip the base into a bathtub. You can carry it in the rain. Its more robust than your normal laptop. It doesnt even have holes in the side, if you look at it. You know, dirt, sandi mean, theres no place for it to go into the machine. Again, designed for the child. Yes. It looks like a toy on purpose. But its a serious computer with many innovations. For instance, its the first laptop with a screen you can use outdoors in full sunlight. Walter bender, the president of software on the project, says there are loads of new features. You can draw on it. Use a pen. Or compose music. [music playing] it actually looks like an animal. These are meant to look like ears, right . Right, these ears are the way in which the laptop communicates to the rest of the world. So the laptop listens with these earsthose are the radio antennas. I dont have that on my computer. No, and one of the reasons why this computer has probably two or three times better wifi range than your computer is because you dont have that. How long does the battery work . By the time were done with all our tuning, the battery should last 10, 12 hours. Really . With heavy use. If the battery does run out, and you live in a thatch hut in the middle of nowhere, you can charge it up with a crank or a salad spinner. So you do this for about a minute or two. Give it a minute or two, and you get ten or 20 minutes of reading. [ticking] coming up the high stakes rivalry of lowcost computers. Craig barrett is intels chairman of the board. Negroponte believes that youre trying to drive him out. Were not trying to drive him out of business. Were trying to bring capability to young people. 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You can pour a glass of water on it, and it wont break. Yes. Its waterproof. I cant wait to type outside with a computer for hours without worrying about dust or heat. So the one laptop per child technology is cutting edge. Its clockstopping hot. But he doesnt buy negropontes contention that kids can figure it out without a teacher. If you hand a child a violin or piano, they can make noise with it, right . But will they be able to make music . And if you give a child a computer, theyll be able to operate the computer, but will they really be able to learn without having a teacher, whether its formal or informal, to help them along that learning path . He says there are other problems. For poor countries like cambodia, there are costs beyond the price of the computer, like satellites to connect to the internet. And what about theft . What says an older kid isnt just gonna swipe this thing . Seems like its inevitable. Weve spent a lot of time on security. If this is stolen from a child, within 24 hours, it stops working. So everybodys testing Different Computers up here. Yeah. But one laptop has had to contend with a new challenge competition. This lab in sao paulo is testing two other laptops the brazilian government is thinking of buying for schoolchildren, including one made in india and negropontes biggest competitor, the classmate, by the giant chipmaker intel. What do you think of this one . Its just like a small laptop, miniature laptop. So its purely humanitarian. You did it only to help the poor kids around the world. Why did other companies, forprofit companies, decide they wanted a piece of this action . Because the numbers are so large, they look at the numbers, and they say, if were not in those, were toast. Here in brazil, there are 55 million schoolchildren, most of them poor. Many live in favelas like this one. In china, there are 200 million. Worldwide, Nicholas Negroponte says, the potential number of kids who could get his laptop is over a billion, a fact that has not gone unnoticed by intel and other high tech companies. Intel gave every student in this class in mexico a classmate, which negroponte believes is part of an effort to kill him off. Its predatory. At a lecture at mit, he accused intel of dumping, of going to the same governments hes trying to sell to and offering the classmate below cost. Intel should be ashamed of itself. Its justits just shameless. Craig barrett is intels chairman of the board. Negroponte believes that youre trying to drive him out. Were not trying to drive him out of business. Were trying to bring capability to young people. And its more than just intel. Its gonna take the whole industry to do this. Barrett flies around the world bringing computers to schools and places like malinalco, mexico. Do you like the computers . ¿les gustan Las Computadoras . All si. He says that like negroponte, intel just wants to help kids get affordable computers, and that they would be willing to reach an accommodation with one laptop. There are lots of opportunities for us to work together. Thats why, when you say this is competition, and were trying to drive him out of business, this is crazy. Not to negroponte, who says the rivalry goes back to when he first introduced the one laptop and barrett dismissed it as a gadget. For Nicholas Negroponte, its not just business. Its personal. Its about his dream, his baby. Has intel hurt you and the mission . Yes, intel has hurt the mission enormously. He thought hed have millions of orders, but countries that had once promised to buy in bulk havent. And so negroponte spends almost all his time lobbying government officials to buy the laptops. I heard that you travel more than 300 days a year. Yes, its true, sadly. There are only 365 days a year. I actually travel about 330 of them. He says hes confident his mission will succeed, even though hes about to face even more competition, as other companies are working on lowcost laptops. But that will result in more kids getting computers, which is, after all, what negroponte said he wanted in the first place. You know, you call your project one laptop per child. And you mean that every kid in the entire world is going to have a laptop. Yes. Is that realistic . If i was realistic, i wouldnt have started this project, okay . Okay. So its not realistic. Its the dream. But well get close. Since our first report aired in 2007, both the xo laptop and the intel classmate have received upgrades and are used by children at home and in classrooms across the globe. Nicholas negroponte continues his one laptop per child mission. Craig barrett retired as intels chairman in may, 2009. [ticking] [dramatic orchestral music] coming up, venezuelas unique Music Program. [jazzy music] en el fondo, es un sistema esencialmente social at its root, this is a social system that fights poverty. A childs physical poverty is overcome by the spiritual richness that comes from music. So music actually becomes the vehicle for social change. Without a doubt. And thats whats happening in venezuela. [rousing orchestral music] the Musical Mission of el sistema, when 60 minutes on cnbc returns. [ticking] try running four. Ning a restaurant is hard, fortunately weve got ink. It gives us 5x the rewards on our internet, phone charges and cable, plus at Office Supply stores. Rewards we put right back into our business. This is the only thing weve ever wanted to do and ink helps us do it. Make your mark with ink from chase. Otherworldly things. But there are some things ive never seen before. This ge jet engine can understand 5,000 data samples per second. Which is good for business. Because planes use less fuel, spend less time on the ground and more time in the air. 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Its also the home of a Music Program thats so extraordinary, its been hailed as the future of Classical Music itself. Its called el sistema, the system. And as we reported in april 2008, its all about children, about saving them, hundreds of thousands of children, through music. [dramatic orchestral music] in the world of Classical Music, the Simon Bolivar National Youth orchestra is unique. [jazzy music] the musicians, kids mainly, are not graduates of some conservatory or music school. Theyre alumni of the school of hard knocks in the slums of venezuela. The orchestra performs around the world with Gustavo Dudamel, its celebrated young conductor. Performing in the grand and opulent concert halls of europe is a long way from the orchestras home in venezuela. Many of the kids come from neighborhoods which are so poor, desperate, and crimeridden, that hope is often extinguished in children at an early age. Instead, these kids travel the world playing to sellout audiences. The National Youth orchestra and hundreds of others are the brainchild of dr. Jose antonio abreu, who started the first one back in 1975. Do you remember the night you first started . Teniamos once muchachos. We only had 11 children rehearsing in cramped conditions. But i had the feeling this was the beginning of something very big. Dr. Breu, a retired economist, trained musician, and social reformer, founded the system and has built it with religious zeal, based on his unorthodox belief that what poor venezuelan kids needed was Classical Music. At its root, this is a social system that fights poverty. A childs physical poverty is overcome by the spiritual richness that comes from music. So music actually becomes the vehicle for social change . Without a doubt. And thats whats happening in venezuela. It happens in neighborhoods like this one on the outskirts of caracas. Every afternoon, small children line up for free Music Lessons at a local branch of the system. Raphael elster runs one. How old are they when you first get them . Kindergarten, like two years old. Two years old. Yeah. Learning music. Twoyearolds start learning the basics rhythm, and the language of music. By the time theyre four, theyre being taught how to play an instrument. By the time theyre six or sevenyearold veterans, theyre playing in orchestras. A regular kid who will play in two or three years, we make it happen in three, four months. How do you do that . We work hard. And they love it. Hard work is an understatement. Every day after school, throughout venezuela, you can see kids practicing. 15,000 trained musicians work with them, but the system also uses gifted kids to teach other kids. On top of eight hours of schoolwork, it makes for a long day. [low tuba note] so a kid is here from 7 00 in the morning till 6 00 in the evening . 12 hours, almost. Every day. Every day, from monday to saturday. They only have sunday. Only sunday to get into trouble. To practice at home. [laughs] home, for most of the kids in raphaels program, is called sarria, one of the poorest and most crimeridden neighborhoods in caracas. These people, they dont have, almost, anything. So they decide to build a house here, and its, like, five people per room. The worst section of sarria is a labyrinth of illegal shacks and alleyways built into the side of a ravine. And 80 , 90 of our kids come from here. So if you can see the kind of constructionits really bad. Its really poor. How dangerous is it here . Pretty dangerous. So you cannot be Walking Around here by yourself. Not even you. Not even me. No one. No one. Even the people from the neighborhood can get robbed here. Hola. Sowell, its part of the poverty. [playing melody on violin] in the midst of that poverty, the system uses Classical Music to instill selfesteem and confidence. Popular music, raphael says, wouldnt work. What they have at home, in the radio, is popular music all the time. Their father, who drinks every day, he get drunk with that music. So you have to give them something different. And when they sit in one of these chairs in the orchestra, they think theyre in another country in another planet, and they start changing. Were listening to it now, arent we . Yeah. [ticking] coming up, venezuelas leonard bernstein. [dramatic orchestral music] you think that the system is changing venezuela . Absolutely. 300,000 kids playing music. In the future, a million. Im sure of this. When venezuelavenezuela will be full of orchestras. Now is full; will be more. I think we are helping a lot, and the orchestra now is a symbol of the country. Its like the flag. Superstar conductor Gustavo Dudamel, when 60 minutes on cnbc returns. [ticking] great, everybody made it. We all work remotely so this is a big deal, our first full Team Gathering i wanted to call on a few people. Ashley, ashley marshall. Here. Since were often all on the move, ashley suggested we use fedex office to hold packages for us. Great job. [ applause ] thank you. And on a protocol note, id like to talk to tim hill about his tendency to use all caps in emails. [ shouting ] oh im sorry guys. Ah sometimes the caps lock gets stuck on my keyboard. Hey do you wanna get a drink later . [ male announcer ] hold packages at any fedex office location. Because what you dontu know can hurt you. Rance. Hey do you wanna get a drink later . What if you didnt know that weeping willows have invasive roots . What if you didnt know that a trampoline. Could affect your liability . And what if you didnt know that most cars. Get broken into when the weather warms up . Here, buddy. The more you know, the better you can plan for whats ahead. Get smarter about your insurance. We are farmers bum pa dum, bum bum bum bum transit fares as in the 37 billion transit fares we help collect each year. No . Oh, right. Youre thinking of the 1. 6 million daily Customer Care interactions xerox handles. Or the 900 Million Health insurance claims we process. So, its no surprise to you that companies depend on todays xerox for services that simplify how work gets done. Which is. Pretty much what weve always stood for. With xerox, youre ready for real business. [ticking] [rousing orchestral music] their sound may be a little rough, but what they lack in experience the kids make up for with enthusiasm. [jazzy orchestral music] gozalo. Ay, valeria. [trumpet solo] trumpeter paola chistori says the system teaches kids a lot more than how to play an instrument. Ninos que no tienen. Kids who are poor wouldnt be able to join an orchestra on their own. Its really good, because not only do they learn a daily routine, but they also learn another culture. When you came here, did you Start Playing the trumpet right away . I chose the violin first. But then i decided i liked the trumpet. What is it about the trumpet that you like . The sound. I pretty much like everything about it. [speaking spanish] there are nearly 300,000 kids like paola in the system. There are 176 orchestras for children, 216 for young people, and 400 more ensembles, orchestras, and choirs. The sound of children playing Classical Music is everywhere. If it seems theyre playing as if their lives depend on it, dr. Abreu says, they do. 800,000 children have passed through the system in 32 years. The majority of them have not, will not become musicians. Music produces an irreversible transformation in a child. This doesnt mean hell end up as a professional musician. He may become a doctor or study law or teach literature. What music gives him remains indelibly part of who he is forever. Take lennar acosta. We first met him in 2000, when he was serving time in a juvenile Detention Center in caracas. He was 17, had a violent criminal background, and the scars to prove it. When the Detention Center started an orchestra, lennar tried the clarinet. Ed bradley asked him about it. Tell me what it was like the first time you picked it up to play it. Its completely different than when you hold a gun. Do you think that your life today is different because of the clarinet, because of the orchestra . Si. Mucho. Yeah. A lot. Music taught me how to treat people without violence. Thats not all he learned. We caught up with him one morning on his way to work in germany. The system sent him here to work as an apprentice learning how to build and maintain organs. Back in venezuela, lennar will be responsible for maintaining the organ in the systems new headquarters. The day we were there, the National Youth orchestra, made up of the systems best musicians, was rehearsing. Their conductor, Gustavo Dudamel, is the orchestras First International superstar. [dramatic music] and a product of dr. Abreus system, which, in the beginning, most people thought would never work. For a lot of people, he was a crazy man. Kids . Venezuelan . Poor . Playing Classical Music . Oh, my god. Dr. Abreu often says that the system saves children. Saves them from what . From a lot of things. We have cases with kids with big problems. And they change their life with music. Consider the life of Jose Gregorio hernandez. [passionate music] his blindness didnt stop the orchestra from letting him be as much a part of it as any other kid. [whistling, cheering, and applause] you can see the result for yourself. Magical. Do you think that the system is changing venezuela . Absolutely. 300,000 kids play music. In the future, a million. Im sure of this. When venezuelavenezuela will be full of orchestras. Now is full; will be more. I think we are helping a lot, and the orchestra now is a symbol of the country. Its like the flag. Like the flag. The National Youth orchestra shows the flag every time it travels abroad. Its so much in demand, its on the road more than most professional orchestras. We found them in london, where they performed before a packed audience at royal albert hall. [quirky, dreamy music] back home, their success is a source of national pride. But all that comes at a price. The systems annual budget is 80 million dollars. Most of it comes from the venezuelan government. Dr. Abreu has kept the Program Alive through eight venezuelan governments. But hes always on the phone, looking for additional funding, even at a concert. Excuse me. Sure. Not surprisingly, the systems need for all kinds of instruments is enormous. So, since 1995, theyve been making some of their own from scratch. They sound pretty good. Even so. We are literally begging all over the world. Everyone who has a penny, who can give us to buy a string, a violin, a trumpet, shoes, whatever, we can help these kids. A trumpet or shoes. Yeahboth if its possible. Do you think the system could work in the United States . Yeah. If you can help a poor kid in here, you can help a poor kid everywhere. It doesnt matter the culture. It doesnt matter the race. I mean, its music. Everybody love music. Especially when its played like this. The systems motto is tocar, hinchar, spanish for to play and to fight. In venezuela, its often the same thing. [dramatic finale] [cheers and applause] since our report first aired, Gustavo Dudamel became the music director of the los angeles philharmonic. Despite taking that prestigious position in september 2009, dudamel continues to work as the artistic director of the Simon Bolivar orchestra. El sistema continues to thrive as well, both at home and around the world. As of april 2012, more than 25 countries, including the United States, have launched Music Programs modeled on el sistema. [ticking] coming up the deadly impact of ivory poaching. Do you see any correlation between the decision to auction off the ivory and the number of orphans . We do. 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As we reported in april 2009, a young elephant can only survive a day or two without milk. So the orphanages first job is to feed them. The principal of the orphanagethe principal, headmistress, head nurse, and ceois dame daphne sheldrick. She founded the place and has been working with elephants for 50 years. This is little seguta. This is the one that was in a coma. Oh, right. When she arrived, was on a drip for 24 hours. We never thought shed be alive in the morning. So shes our little miracle, this one. But daphnes problem is that shes caring for too many miracles. Poachers are killing more and more elephants for their tusks, creating more and more orphans. A few african countries have been given the right to sell their ivory stockpilesmore than 100 tons of tusksto china and japan. And conservationists point out, this is yet another blow to africas elephants. Do you see any correlation between the decision to auction off the ivory and the number of orphans . We do. Every time ivory is auctioned legally, theres a rise in poaching. And we also see a correlation in the price thats paid to the poacher for illegal ivory. Is the price going up . Its gone from 300 shillings a kilo to 5,000. Thats about 1,000 a tusk. And in kenya, just in this year alone, 2008, the number of elephants killed by poachers has increased by 45 . A rather amazing rise, isnt it . It is; its a scary, frightening rise. Poachers were behind the death of this elephant. Her trunk was caught in one of their snares, and she had no way of feeding herself or her sixweekold baby boy. He just couldnt accept the fact that his mother was dead, so he continued trying to suckle. Eventually, the keepers got him to drink their milk. They called him shimba, and he was in such bad shape that nobody thought he would survive. But then he was brought to the orphanage, and things began going his way. Hes 27 months old now and is in very good shapevery muscular, very strong, and hes beginning to grow tusks. He never stops eating. In fact, thats the first love of every orphan here eating. The institution has a dining area, and thats not all. As we found out when we first dropped by here in 2006, it has everything youd want in an orphanage dormitories, each orphan has a private room, a communal bath, and a playground. The regimen at the orphanage is anything but dickensian. Unlike oliver twist, when one of these orphans asks for more, thats what he gets more. Ultimately, daphne finds elephants more sympathetic than people. What is the most extraordinary thing you have learned about elephants . Their tremendous capacity for caring is, i think, perhaps the most amazing thing about them even at a very, very young age, their sort of forgiveness, unselfishness. So, you know, i often say, as i think ive said before, they have all the best attributes of us humans and not very many of the bad. Just about the best people youve ever met are the gentle men who work here. Keepers, theyre called, and they have extraordinary jobs. There is one keeper per elephant. Hell spend 24 hours a day with his charge, seven days a week. A keeper feeds his elephant every three hours, day and night, just like mom would. He keeps his elephant warm, not like mom would, but with a blanket. And when its sleep time, he beds down right next to his elephant. If he leaves, if ever so briefly, the baby wakes up and broadcasts his displeasure. The keepers are rotated now and then so that no elephant gets too terribly attached to any one of them. At dawn, the elephants are taken from their dorms out to the bush. They hang out for a while, play some games. Come, come, come, come. Come, come. Come on, here. Come on. Soccer is a favorite. Come on, come on. Come on, come on, come on. And guess who decides when its halftime . [chuckling] the days are pretty much the same here, but on fridays, the orphanage becomes a spa. You want to rub her down . Go on, rub her down. The keepers give the elephants a coconut oil massage. We cant do exactly what the mother can do, but we do something close to that. Youre a surrogate mother. Yes. Edwin lusichi is the head of the keepers. He is the chief elephant man. This one here is lualeni. Lualenis the oldest female we have16 months as well. The tiny one here is makena. [chuckles] [chuckles] right. Always want to be close with lualeni. Yes, well, they always want to be close to each other and to you, dont they . [laughing] im afraid this interview with edwin is getting rudely interrupted. [chuckling] yeah. But theres really not that much to do. They may be little, they may be orphans, but trust me, theyre not as little as they look. In fact, i feel like im in an elephant sandwich. Yes, you are. Perhaps the problem was, we had not been properly introduced. There is a protocol to meeting an elephant. He will offer up his trunk, and he expects you to blow in it. That way, he will remember your scent forever. You will never be strangers again. [ticking] coming up handling heartbreak. How do you manage going through this all the time . Well, you dont have much option, do you . Theres another one to look after, and then another one coming, and, you know. You just have to turn the page. Thats ahead, when 60 minutes on cnbc returns. [ticking] [ male announcer ] any technology not moving forward is moving backward. [ engine turns over, tires squeal ] and youll find advanced Safety Technology like an available headsup display on the 2013 lexus gs. Theres no going back. On the 2013 lexus gs. No two people have the same financial goals. Pnc works with you to understand yours and help plan for your retirement. Visit a branch or call now for your personal retirement review. 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The baby elephant is loaded onto a plane and flown back to daphne sheldricks orphanage outside nairobi, where hell stay until hes Strong Enough to go back into the bush. Dame daphne has been running the orphanage for over 30 years. She was born and raised in kenya, and married David Sheldrick, africas leading crusader against poaching. When he died in 1977, she founded the David Sheldrick wildlife trust. Daphne saw her mission as saving as many elephants as possible. But she has never permitted herself too much hope. Thats because she loses half the elephants that arrive here, some from pneumonia, some from trauma. This elephant probably witnessed its mothers death and remembers everything. Thats the doubleedged sword of having the memory of an elephantthey never forget. You know, hes still grieving for his elephant family, hes in shock, hes distressed. Do you believe a baby elephant can die of grief . Oh, yes. I know he can. Theyre terribly, terribly fragile. Youve got to try and turn their psyche round, duplicating what that elephant would have had in an elephant family, touching them, talking to him gently. In other words, love. Tender loving caretlc, and a lot of it. Daphne and the keepers may run this place officially, but its the elephants who are really in charge. For example, when a new keeper is hired, hes on probation for three months. Then, if the elephants like him, hes got a job. If not, hes out. What do you try to teach them . Well, we have to teach them not to be naughty, not to push around with the others, and to obey one another just like you have to do to your children, your own children and to respect the others. And the keepers teach the elephants how to be elephants. There are Wild Elephant things these kids dont know how to domother wasnt around to teach themthings like covering themselves in dust to prevent sunburn. The keepers do it with shovels until the elephants pick it up themselves. [elephants vocalizing] the orphanage has an infirmary, and the doctor has a call to make. One of the elephants is not doing well at all. Hes been on antibiotics for two days now, but he can barely breathe. All this froth thats coming out of his trunk has got to be pulmonary edema. His room looks like an intensive care unit. The doctor, daphne, and the keepers dont leave him for a minute. They do everything they can, but its not enough. By dawn, he is dead. How do you manage going through this all the time . Well, you dont have much option, do you. Theres another one to look after, and then another one coming, and, you know, you just have to turn the page. And you get attached but im not very good at it. And youre not going to get any better, are you. No. Not after 50 years. But then you go and you hang out with the orphans who are doing so well, and it brings joy to your life. Absolutely. Its actually a pretty lush life for these elephants here at the orphanage. But its not the life of a Wild Elephant. Its not their destiny. So like any good school, this place prepares its students to leave, to get ready for life in the real world, to go back to the wild from whence they came. [elephant trumpets] this young lady left daphnes orphanage to go live in the wild. Her name is mpenzi. And a couple of years ago, she became pregnant and decided to go off on her own to give birth without the protection of her extended family. That was a mistake. Before the sun could set, mpenzi and her baby were surrounded by a pride of 16 lions. Keeper joseph sauni was called to the scene and captured the events on his still camera. So mpenzi was standing there trying to scare off lions wi