Im pleased to have you here. And jonathan from his perch at the white house. We take advantage of his time. What do you make of all this. You have worked for president reagan. This particular president doesnt understand the impact every time he tweets something. Ok, he will get better when he is in the white house. The two failures is lack of a strategy and personnel is way behind. He could have fired comey on january 20, but you cant go out and beat him up. You have to say thank you for your 30 years of service. He had a difficult time and they questioned his judgments on some of the things he did in the case, but you cant go out there and batter him or demoralize an agency that has been demoralized in the past or make the accusations that he has ever leaked anything. People are saying what tapes are we talking about . Those are bad words. And people are starting to compare it to nixon and carter. He has a very important trip next week and has to settle this thing down because they have a big task and getting concerned about their own numbers. He does arent worry about polls and they worry about poles. Harlie how does he do that . The republicans thought they got things back on track and passed the Health Care Bill and felt that the president had the foreign trip coming up and tax reform was coming through and ed is right, that the president could have fired james comey and done it without much drama and certainly going to be a big story no matter what, to do it and have your white house, senior officials from the Vice President on down give an explanation for why it happened for nearly two full days that turned out to be completely wrong, creates great uncertainty and i think puts that agenda in jeopardy. Charlie does it worry europe . And worries asia as well. They are talking about north korea missile strikes and actively preparing for that. And they are making very black jocks who looks crazy, the president of President Trump or the president of north korea. But these kind of tweets, this kind of reality tv president ial performance is leading people around the world increasingly alarmed given the severity of the geo political challenges. Charlie why does he do it . Instinct and doesnt engage in the media and wants to direct to voters not the same way that kennedy used television or obama used emails and also seeking to try and show that he is actually power and trying to destabilize his performance. Arlie Ronald Reagan would have done what . He would have moved on. You never heard Ronald Reagan and you covered him all the ime, he never bad mouthed him. Charlie can anybody say no to donald trump . Jared kushner is in the family and has the ability to be more direct. But its not their style to go into the oval office or dad or fatherinlaw you are wrong, but they try to steer him in a certain direction. But this is a president who is completely in charge of this west wing and likes the fact that there are different factions and play them off and set them competing against one another. The president gave a videotaped message to the r. N. C. Meeting out in san diego and he predicted that they could pick up many seats in the Midterm Election because things are going so well. I mean, its hard to find any republicans that find thats the case. Can you imagine what this white house looks like if the republicans lose significant seats and lose control of the house of representatives, what this white house looks like. Charlie this conversation is going on. Members are very concerned. 20plusseat margin and most of the seats are safe but are very concerned. He doesnt care about his poll numbers which are bad and dragging republicans. The poll came out has republicans losing badly to democrats headtohead and creates chaos when they have two issues to move forward, the health care and the tax reform. I think they are shaking their heads is the ship going to straighten out. Right now, there is a real panic. Charlie is there any sense and i want to make sure in a no one at this table is saying this is the beginning of the end, but how does this president change his behavior, he is 70 years old and acting this way out of government all his life . He is somebody who has who has accomplished these very successful and became president of the United States and not going to change his behavior. The question is whether or not it can be channeled. This trip on friday, this is an extended foreign trip on 10 days and not only the trip to saudi arabia, but he is going to israel and the vatican and nato meeting in brussels and g7 meeting insistly. And he performs quite well on the world stage, going back to the campaign. One of the highlights for trump during the general Election Campaign is when he made that secret trip to mexico and said, wow, donald trump can be president ial. Thats a chance for him to change the dynamic, but this is something that is set up to dramatically distract from that trip. I mean this was an unnecessary distraction. Charlie what do they expect from Rod Rosenstein . He came close to resigning. He didnt actually come in and say, you straighten this up or else im going to resign. The Deputy Attorney general came very close to resigning, because the comey firing was being blamed on him and pinned on him. He never actually recommended that comey be fired. He did that threepage memo and rought indictment of comeys but he never said to fire him. I think what first and foremost is that they hope he doesnt quit. I think thats why you saw the president so dramatically and quite honestly change the story and tell the truth in which he decided to fire comey and wanted additional reasons to be put forward. Charlie anybody not in the f. B. I. Know what they have and where the investigation is and why the f. B. I. Director was asking for more money and more personnel to pursue the investigation and why somebody else called it a significant, a significant investigation . Well, the person that said it was a significant investigation is now the acting f. B. I. Director, mccabe. And he also said, and this is important, charlie, because the story was out there that comey in his final days asked for more resources and asked for more money. Mccabe told the committee yesterday, that that was not true, that the f. B. I. Did not ask for additional resources, but he did say its a significant investigation and important investigation but not the only one. I thought it was significant, right after we heard from the comey firing, we see the Senate IntelligenceCommittee Issue subpoenas to Michael Flynn to have him turn over documents related to their russian investigation. If anything, it may be stepped up as a result of the comey firing, not stopped. Charlie jonathan, i know you have other duties, but thanks so much for being here. Back to europe, is it possible, is it possible that this president can achieve what he hopes to do in terms of saudi arabia and putting together in terms of some grand alliance and other arab states of sunni persuasion to rally against iran in hopes of combination with israel, they can come out with israelipalestinian deal . There are two reasons. Firstly, trump has shown some willing to talk very tough and make a retreat. We are seeing it with china in relation to trade. There is some hope that maybe in relation to russia and the middle east and syria, there could be a grand bargain in the offing. Why there is some reason to be hopeful, there are a number of people who are widely respected, general mattis and mcmaster and Rex Tillerson as well. There are the optimistics. The more pessimistic is he has seen his standing on the world stage diminished. If you look at the european betting markets, they have been putting the chance of the trump impeachment or removal as rising all this week, 50 , 60 , much higher than the u. S. Markets are looking at. And that psychology see the National Stage and how they look at trump. He may not be a lame duck. Charlie do you think that could happen with republicans in control of the both houses. I worry about the both houses. We dont have enough republicans. Two or three go south any time we lose momentum. 20 is not a giant number in the house of representatives. Obama had way more, any time there is big legislation and very tough stuff ahead. And they have to believe in him. And he has great strength. Moments he has shown great steng and higher numbers on leadership, not necessarily his approval but leadership that got somewhat diminished and who about rossey odonnell. He doesnt act president ial. This is the first merement. Reagan stumble on the first economic summit. And say, can this guy do it. I think he can do it but he cant do it if he gets distracted. Charlie why do you think he can do it . He is a performer and confidence factor that i have seen him head to head with World Leaders and doesnt flinch. And the Strongest Team he has policyhim is the foreign team. I think mcmasters is first rate. He has a very strong team. And my sense he has the best team and best opportunity if he sits and takes the counsel. The team is well respected and can run credibility on the world stage. You are seeing a potentially distracted at best president , at worst, damaged president dealing with Foreign Policy issues that are serious. North korea is a significant threat right now. And middle east in chaos. And syrian problem and then you have the russia problem. And the f. B. I. Are not the only group of people who are looking into russia right now. You have the european intelligence looking into it as well. You have a lot of threats and juggling and the president doesnt seem to be good at multi tasking, oneish kind of day president. Be which agenda is going to important. I have been around a long, long time and i was there during the watergate period. The press have been waiting a long, long time to find another pull itser prize and dumped all over the press from the beginning. He has a serious journalist going to make a serious case against him . I would say let it run its course. Let them run their course and talk about other things. I dont know if there is anything there. But what i do care about is the next month he has to perform where he gets his own side and members to pass significant legislation which isnt easy. If that falls apart and doesnt get a health care or tax bill, the rest is irrelevant. Charlie thank you. Back in a moment. Stay with us. Charlie c. E. O. Of youtube is here. Over a billion users in 88 countries. Her history with google dates back to 1988 when she was employee number 16 and made contributions to the Company Including advertising. E is a consummate google adviser. Im pleased to have her here. Welcome. You should have been earlier. Ill take the blame. Thank you so much for having me. Charlie tell me, when they moved to alphabet, some of us thought that youtube might have lifted itself from the google umbrellas. The idea of alphabet was to give a scaleable platform. Google and alphabet has expanded into so many new areas from fiber to medical, to cars. And youtube, you might think would become an independent company because of the brand we have, we have over a billion users. But yet youtube is an integral part of google. And our mission about enabling everyone to have a voice and to be able have a large collection of video is see similar to google and we are integrating in so many different ways and it made sense to keep youtube as part of google. Charlie it was acquired in 2006 . Yes. Charlie when did you realize it could be big and thats the reason that google bought it . I think early on we realized it could be really big and that was because and the First Insight was that people all over the world wanted to upload video and have that be shared. We had a basic link and said upload video and incredibly people did. People all over the world uploaded video. And wow, people want to share their video with the world. The second insight which was more surprising is that other people wanted to watch regular peoples videos like themselves. So i remember we had our first hit and our first hit was the two students in their dorm room singing to the Backstreet Boys and they were so funny. They were so creative about it. And the numbers we had were just we just saw, this is a hit, people want to watch all kinds of content. Charlie you said youtube has grown up. People were uploading, cats and interesting things that they saw along the way. And then what happened was people started to realize im getting a lot of viewers and en a number of people became youtubers. They became professional youtube creators and realized i could make a living by creating videos and i think that as the next generation companies. These are people who have a global brand. A lot of times they have millions of subscribers and making a good living on youtube and extremely well known and famous among their demographics and users and youtube is a collection of a huge amount of video content, many professional utubers and tv using it on promoting it and having it be part of a site where there are a billion people every month to watch month. Born in a tube was european garage. I was looking for someone to help pay the mortgage and they were looking for a place to rent and it turned out to be a pretty good match. And so they started they moved in. I was looking for them to cover the markets at the time. Wasnt like i was looking for a hot startup or new Search Engine. I was happy. I was looking for them to pay the rent and they successfully paid the rent and i learned a lot about google and i realized they were on to something and i decided to join. Charlie i ask all the time, at is the next big time, new frontier, virtual reality, art official intelligence, all of those or Something Else . I think those are Big Questions and certainly all of them that you mentioned whether t is v. R. Or a. I. Or i think all of them can play a really big part of our future and why is it playing a big role . We see Something Like machine learning. Machine learning is a way for us so we have 400 hours uploaded to u tube every minute. We need to match that to the billion users. How do we do that . We need to learn and have symptoms that have the best recommendations. Charlie have you figured it out . The machines will teach the machines something. So well give them an initial set of information for them to learn something and they can make recommendations. Because otherwise its not scaleable for us to recommend all the videos to you or the next person over here and be the right set. Machine learning right now has been incredibly powerful for us. Charlie someone said to me the other day, thats what people talk to me about is machine learning. We are using it today and very useful and powerful today. We are an example of technology that can be powerful in the future but i say its very early. And so how can you experience video where you are watching and you are fully immerse i have in that video experience . And thats a new art, a new experience, but its hard to do. Theres a plaintiff platform. And how to build platform when there arent that many platforms out there yet. We have tried to make this accessible and came up with card word, which is this made out of cardboard and taking your phone and putting it in the cardboard and we focused on this making a lowcost, easy experience for people to experience that. Charlie how is this world of how we distribute video and the world that we see, changing . Has hink so youtube changed and see across the board that we are undergoing a significant change and how we receive and interact with video. There are many factors and start with one of them. Users expecting the content to be ondemand and the content to be searchable. The ability for you to find any content you want at the moment you want. One of the things we didnt have which is important is education. Do you want to do how to do a math problem or fix something in your house or do a magic trick, you can look that up today on youtube and learn it. The opportunities are immense on youtube and amazing when i go around the world and people tell me the Different Things they learned on youtube. That is significant. Another important area is the concept of what we call community. Twoway is video a broadcast. F you are a creator and post a video and your fans can leave you comments and you can go back and comment on the comments and have a heart and participate in that conversation. We are doing more to enable the fans and to communicate. They are saying, what are you excited about . And its the conversation between the fans and the creators that drive the creation of the media. Charlie if someone is coming in, what should we ask, what should we be curious about and have that Million People producing for you is wonderful. Yeah. It moves to a conversation and it is a community. And we see amazing groups coming together and Building Communities around specific video and its also global. We see creators and they could originate from one country and will have a global audience and that community is becoming global. Charlie whats going to be obsolete because of all the things we have talked about so far . What i would say is if you look at some of the traditional media, its not going away but evolving and adapting to the new medium. And thats where we see tv or traditional media, for example, you know, putting some of their content on an Online Platform or developing their online app or communicating with their customers so it can move over and have benefits of the communication. I think i think the content overtime will evolve and moved to the platforms that are more dynamic, thats work on your mobile phone, that enable conversation through some of the older platforms, that are not as that do not have the teachers, over time, you will see less usage of that. Charlie other than Human Resources like you, what is the most valuable asset you to pass youtube has . I would say the library of content. Charlie and the number of users . And the number of users. Ecosystem have between our creators, users, and advertisers, is incredibly compelling, and it is not just one part of it. You need all three parts of it to work. You need to have the advertisers funding the creators, so creators can create more content. From there, you have more content for the users. Charlie define a youtube star. Somebody who has who creates youtube videos and has a large number of followers. Either their videos have a large number of views or they have a large number of subscribers. 10 million subscribers, for example. That would be a very successful youtube star. If you talk to teens today, variety did a study and asked who are the biggest celebrities . Eight of the top 10 were youtubers when they did this study. Who are the top celebrities among teens . Charlie eight of the 10 are youtubers. Timothy creators on youtube. Susan creators on youtube. We thought, how can we help these youtubers take it to the next level . We have been focused with our youtube creators and working with them and traditional talent. For example, in doing a new medium. If they traditionally do blogging, maybe they will do a movie or series with us or other youtube stars, with some traditional media, so we have created over 30 original content pieces so far, and that is part of our subscription service, and we are seeing that we are seeing some really good traction. Charlie you know what happens to me, 25 years i have sat at this table and talked to people, a remarkable range of people. So youtube people will abrogate their favorite things aggregate their favorite things. Im not sure whether this is legal, but they put it on youtube. It is amazing how creative they andin terms of taking stuff telling stories. Susan well, i think one of the things i have found really impressive with youtube is just the human creativity. The fact that there are so many creative people in the world, and there are so many stories to tell, and i find something there is something really human about youtube that you can go onto youtube, see people who are like yourself. On youtube, there is a lot of discussion about topics that is not happening as much on that wenal media, and talk about authenticity. The fact that people are representing themselves as they truly are, being as honest as possible with their audience. That is really compelling. The creativity and authenticity that we see across the platform. Charlie back to doing things that netflix is doing or amazon, and you mentioned what you are doing. Can you see that developing to a much more sophisticated level over youtube so that all your users can watch much longer material . Like an hour and a half of the film or documentary . Susan we do have lots of documentaries today on youtube, so people may upload them as part of our service. It is free to our users, but monetized. We have many different content creators. Thene who wants to have billion people we have on youtube that want to be able to have the opportunity to offer it to have and they want as much meat as possible, they will post it on youtube. Youtube is really popular with short form content. It also we do have longer form content, movies. Charlie what is the potential of that in your judgment . Susan there is potential. Platforms do not get divided in terms of just like short term or long form platform. When people come to youtube, they come to watch video and they want to sit down. They are open to seeing whatever we recommend for them or totever they search for, and see that. They have on the user sessions where they will watch their number of videos and longform videos. Charlie over the last ford bang to fiveyear four to five years, is the greatest discovery is that advertising was perfectly paired to support mobile users . Facebook, a time that they were worried, will advertising dollars flow to mobile devices . , as you are did here to testify as well for facebook. Susan yes. Well, i think like any new medium, it takes time to transition. Reallyle, we worked hard. We realize mobile was coming. We worked to bring the ad formats over tmobile, but mobile is first of all, it is an amazing device for watching videos, for doing anything you are doing, like shopping, directions. Perspective,ile you can serve ads that are really relevant and useful for those users, so both on our core anderties like search youtube, we have been able to make the transition to mobile. Charlie how long is the normal visiting time for someone who is coming to youtube . Is it two minutes . Susan no, they are longer sessions, and so, it might depend on the device they are in and the country they are in, but we could easily someone coming to youtube for one hour. Charlie really . Susan yeah. Charlie can you pick up what is going to go viral . If you do, i assume you would have magical powers. Can you see something and say that is going to go viral . Susan we cannot, but our machines might be able to see it and recommend it to more people. We will see based on the user patterns, look, here is something that looks like it is doing really well, and what we started to do was create a trending tab, so we take the videos we see are on the rise and growing really quickly, and we put them in a trending tab specifically for users who are really interested in the trends and videos that are breaking and becoming really viral and interesting for people to see. Charlie what is the biggest challenge for you . Susan you know, i think the challenge for tech is always just the change in the industry. The industry is constantly changing. You know, making sure you are seeing ahead and being able to in some ways as technology leaders, we need to see in the future and invest ahead of time in technologies we believe in. Charlie no one has been a stronger and more active proponent in the issues of jim gender discrimination in Silicon Valley than you. Tell me how it has changed. I see that the change we are going through right now from a digital perspective is similar through withe went the Printing Press. Suddenly, there is an incredibly new set of information that was unavailable beforehand to users, information in a massively different and new way. That the number of women who are getting degrees in Computer Science is only 20 . Companlook across the ies, there may be 30 or one third. Charlie why is that . Susan that is a good question. I think there is a misunderstanding among young women and girls about what Computer Science really is, and i think they may see it as a more geeky less attractive field for them to go into when in truth, it is incredibly exciting, fastmoving, social, and creative. If you think about this, this is one of the major forces we have right now that is changing all parts of our world. Not just technology. Technology is changing summative parts of our world. We need to have more women there. It would be like having the Printing Press and saying only 20 of women can read and write. If you have that, if only 20 of women could write, what would be all the great literature you are missing . There would be a lot youre missing. That is a challenge when you look at it from a societal standpoint. It is important to be able to encourage women to be part of this big change. Charlie its Silicon Valley waking up to this reality . Susan there have been issues that have caused session on this in Silicon Valley. People have always known the diversity numbers are not as strong as we would like them to be. I think there has been increased awareness about how can we do more to support women in the tech field . Charlie and avoid dissemination . Susan and avoid some of the issues we have had. I have put out a piece in vanity fair. Three things. First, it needs to come from the top. It needs to be the leader of the tech company that said we want to make this a diverse environment. We are excited. We are going to work on it for a management team. We need to be able to give the teams the right resources to go out and execute on that. We need to currently diverse teams to be able to be successful. Theave some diversity in company, but they are not happy. How can we make sure they understand what the issues are . How can you help them be successful . Do not ask them, the one woman in the group to say we want you to organize the womens event. That is not really fair to her. Lastly, i think everyone can be a mentor and an advocate in some ways. I have been fortunate that i had some really amazing mentors at google. I know behind the scenes, they have helped me in a number of ways and when i needed help, when i was concerned about something and i needed someone to guide me or get me invited somewhere, i know they reached out for me. I always tell women that your mentor is your advocate. They actually have to be men because the leaders in silicon so theyre mostly men, need to reach out and find the next generation and support them and grow them. Charlie at apple, they have a meeting every monday morning of every week. They allowed me to see the and tim directs and other key people there, i forgot how many, i have heard there is a similar meeting that larry page conducts at google on friday. True . Susan we have a meeting on friday, that used to be on fridays. It is on thursdays now. It is called it was called tgif. It was an opportunity for anyone to go overto ask the key updates of things that happen in the week, different teams. An opportunity for everyone to ask question. And so, yes, we have that as a tradition. I do something similar at youtube. I do my own friday because google moved theres a thursday, so that freed up their to friday, so that freed us up. An update onu see an existing products. Sometimes, you see something and you say that this is the future. I am seeing it for the first time in the world is changing. Charlie give me an example of that. Susan let me go to history. The first time that i saw maps, and the idea that you could actually have an image of every single place in the world, and it was stunning. It was stunning. In todays world, kids do not know what the paper maps are. Of course not. They all have the digital maps. A first time you see that, that is breathtaking. So google home, the first time you see it on stage and you see that this is, like, almost like a star trek computer. You can ask it a question and it can give you an answer to anything. Music andk it to play it can give you the weather, sports scores, your calendar. It is amazing. You think, wow, this is the beginning. What is it going to look like in five or 10 years . Or even next year . It is going to be a lot better than it currently is. These are all really exciting moments when you see those and you start thinking, like, well, today, maybe we get one and it is cool . But they get cheaper and cheaper and you get one in every room. Maybe you can have these very smart but amazing speakers and people, like little google home devices that can help you. And so susan charlie from echo or alexa to what google has to what apple will have. Susan i think, you know, that is an example of charlie of an idea you use. Susan an idea you know is going to change. There are not many devices out there in the world. There is just not. It is going to come. That is one of the things i have really enjoyed and learned in technology. You have to have, you have to think about the future, and you have to believe in the future, so when people come to you, and they say what sounds like crazy know, the very first one. We are going to build a Search Engine and provide information to everybody. They are like, you are renting my house. Good luck. [laughter] susan but then they actually do. Or they say we are going to take a picture and have a map of everything the world, or balloons and they are going to fly in the sky and provide wifi, so you know, at first, you are not sure what to think. I have learned you have to believe in the future and you have to be very forward thinking. You think about the home devices. What cannot device do . How can i help you that help you at that moment . How can it play amazing is. Does in the home . Charlie in the sense of our success as a nation . The on our values and our constitute beyond our values and constitution, has been our lead in technology. How do we maintain that lead . Susan i definitely agree that our the has come to i think the technology has been a big factor in match. In order to maintain that, you know, there are many things we need to do. A, one thing we could do as a nation is at war Computer Science training in our schools. Biology, take chemistry, but we are not going to become doctors or chemists or pharmacists. But if you think about his next generation, how can they be most prepared . If they can Learn Technology and you dont need to learn everything, just enough that you are willing to learn more. And i wish so much that we would be able to offer Computer Science in all the schools. I think that would hinder the gender imbalances and differences with minorities. Issues. Solve so many as a nation, to think about the next generation growing up, with strong Computer Science skills, that would be incredibly powerful. I am very optimistic about the future. I am optimistic about all the opportunities it is going to provide and all the ways that we as humans will be smarter and better because of technology that will enable us to do our jobs better, to make better decisions and enrich our lives in a number of ways. I am excited. Charlie pleasure to have you. Back in a moment. Stay with us. Charlie tina carr is the director of a trust, an organization that protects freelance journalists around the world. It was founded in 1995 through the trust operates in over 60 countries today. I am pleased to have tina at this table for the first time. Welcome. Tina thank you. Charlie tell me more about the trust. Tina we are very small and we were globally to help the coasts freelancers have always been part of the news community, which has been very formidable. They are having any credibly tough time right now. The climate is changing. The whole reason i feel we are more relevant than we have ever been in our work is that freelancers were a huge part of independent journalism. The whole journalism landscape has changed. We are noticing a massive change in the amount of people coming to us for the kind of help we give. Charlie and why is that . Tina for all sorts of reasons first of all reasons. First of all, there are more freelance journalists than there used to be. News organizations are using them more because freelance journalists all around the world who have been working as citizen journalists want to know. They are becoming freelance journalists. There are many more. The whole community is growing. There is a greater demand from the news organizations for them, and they are really covering every area. They are covering online, filming, writing, photojournalism, everything. More andi am told that more freelancers are being hired after brexit and the rise of populism around the world. Tina oh, well, yeah. I do not know if there is more being hired, but it is starting. Freelancers are being hired more over the last four or five years. Charlie not so much because of economic decision by country but because of wars . Tina these organizations do not sends and cannot always their staff into certain areas interim countries and rely quite a lot on local freelancers. That means not the people who are going in from other countries and flying in and out, but the people who actually live and work in the countries they are reporting on. Charlie what do you provide them . Tina with absolutely direct practical help. We give them financial help. It might be that they have had an injury and need help to pay for the medical costs. They might have been injured in conflict or an accident or that they are having to go into hiding. This happened a huge amount. Charlie because . Tina because they are telling the truth about something and somebody does not want them to tell the truth. Freelance journalists, many of them are threatened. They live under this kind of constant atmosphere of harassment. Some of them have to go into hiding. Some of them had to escape very quickly. Some of them have to go into permanent exile. That is a figure that has increased enormously over the past few years because people do not want them to tell the stories they are telling. Charlie how many people are doing what you are doing, what your trust does . The we are probably smallest, but there is organizations, many wonderful organizations, that support journalists. We are the only organization that was founded specifically to be dedicated to freelance journalists, and we remain the only organization in the whole world that just looks after freelance journalists. Charlie james foley was a freelance journalist. Tina yes, he was. Charlie for the benefit of our viewers, brutally tina yes. Charlie killed by isis. Go ahead. Tina well, that is really when everything began to change. Although we had been working with and talking about in 2014,rs since 1995, others two to others, everyone got to know there was such thing as a freelance journalist, that they were vulnerable, and who was going to help them and their families if anything happened to them . It made a massive difference. We knew james and had helped him when he had a particular need out one time. We had given money to help him. Been in touch closely with the family of austin, who as you know have years ago was taken in syria and remains missing until this day, and that is a terrible thing that he is still missing after five years. Did james foley contact you . Tina he and a friend wanted to do a particular thing and did not have the money to do it, and we helped them. They wanted to help a freelance colleague of theirs, and we gave them money to help them do that. Charlie often, in terms of my experience with freelance journalists, they simply want to cover the story. That is what drives them, covering the story. And covering it without fear. Not without, but covering it without with deep understanding of the risks they are taking. Tina i think that is true. I think freelancers are responsible. They are always at the center of wherever it is that, that whirlpool. That is where they are going to go. And mostly, not risk takers mostly really professional about what they are doing. Charlie they want to report and they want to live. Tina youre going into war, the first thing you want to do is get out again as quickly as possible and tell the story. Charlie how many freelancers do you support . Year we help over 150 a with grants, assistance grants. We do not give big sums of money. We give small sums of money which do something for them. Charlie thank you for coming. Pleasure to have you here. Thank you for joining us. See you next time. New alltime highs on wall street as oil rallies. The s p continues to hit a record. China pushes ahead. Mark mobius says the u. S. Must be involved. Toshibas with Western Digital moved to a new level. Legal action threatens the workers stands in the japanese venture. Betty more