Good to see you. Eric thank you. Good to be here. Ok, so dhs this week said we have new orders in terms of how we are going to deal with deportation of undocumented immigrants. Short version, there is going to be more enforcement. You are going to try to alleviate that, fight it how . Eric we anticipated this attack, particularly where it regards socalled sanctuary jurisdictions. There is no Legal Definition as to what a sanctuary jurisdiction is, so we anticipated there would be an attack coming. And last month, issued guidance for the first time setting out a legal roadmap of what the city has to do, what you are obligated to do under federal law and what you dont have to do. Im pleased to say there have been jurisdictions around the country using our legal roadmap to help rewrite their resolutions to prepare themselves to be in compliance with the law. The two memos issued by dhs are followups on executive orders trump issued in late january and deal with how we handle the immigrants already in the country. We already had the big fight over the ban on immigration and refugees. Jeffrey we are waiting for a revised executive order on that one. Eric that is where you saw democratic a. G. s all over the country stepping up, working together, getting courts all over the country backing each other up with amicus briefs and eventually getting a stay of the immigration ban. These new memos and executive orders are more likely to be taken up first in individual cases of people being apprehended. It contemplates a massive expansion of what are called expedited deportations, where people do not get the right to a hearing. That raises a lot of due process issues and does include various provisions attacking what he defines as sanctuary jurisdictions. Jeffrey lets talk about this whole issue of sanctuary cities, sanctuary jurisdictions. As you point out, there is not a specific Legal Definition of what a sanctuary city is. I think in rough terms what it means is a city, even a state like california, saying we do not want our local officials to help ice, the immigration authorities, deport people. Is it legal for new york city to say, we are not going to help the federal government deport people . Eric yes, to a great extent. The reason we issued guidance available on our website and is being used around the state is that there are certain things you are required to do. The statute, the relevant statute, has some requirements. But most of this is optional. They cannot force local Law Enforcement agencies to become an arm of the federal immigration services. Local agencies can sign up for a program to join in, but it is optional. There is some information you are required to turn over the federal government if they get a judicial warrant. You have to collaborate them on whatever the warrant requires from you. But to a great extent, jurisdictions have the option to say, we actually, in our judgment, this is what nypd has made clear, we are a sanctuary city, in our judgment we do not want witnesses not to come forward as witnesses and crime victims. We believe it makes it safer for our Police Officers not to be perceived as arms of immigration. As our guidance makes clear, in most cases local governments can refuse to cooperate. If they get a judicial warrant, that is Something Else. Jeffrey what about the possibility, and you are aware of this through executive action, through legistlative action, republicans say, ok you want to be a sanctuary city, you can forget about the federal funds for subways, medicaid. Have a great time, but we are not going to get any federal money . Eric we will be in court in a heartbeat on that because there are severe restrictions on the ability of the federal government to coerce state and local governments into doing things. If you want to cut off funding, there has to be a nexus between the program the local government is not complying with and the funding. So you can only look at federal funds for law a enforcement related to immigration, which is not much money. You cannot cut off money for parks and subways because of a refusal to comply on immigration. There is a general rule if the funding is so large and something that local governments are dependent on, again in the Affordable Care act opinion, it amounts to coercion. The federal government cannot use funding in coercion. There has to be a clear statement when you let the local agency apply for the funding that it is subject to these conditions. You cannot retroactively impose conditions. The ability of the federal government to cut off funds for sanctuary cities is limited. I think it will be tested in court. We want everyone in new york to know what the law is and is not. So now there is a roadmap for what you can and cannot do. The executive orders do go beyond what the stated law is, but that should not be a surprise. This First Executive order banning immigrants and refugees was found by courts around america to have gone beyond what was allowed. Jeffrey lets talk about that order. That was the order, it seems like a long time ago, but it was only a couple of weeks ago, january 27, where seven muslim majority countries, there were new restrictions on immigration. The District Court in seattle said it is unconstitutional. The ninth ciruit affirms that ruling. The Trump Administration now said they are going to rework it in a way to similar effect. Do you think there is a way they can rewrite that executive order so that it is constitutional . Eric not that executive order. I mean, they can take pieces of it and perhaps do it. Jeffrey president s have wide authority over immigration. Why cant they say these seven countries, we want to stop and take a look . Eric there are so many problems with that executive order. There was an article written about it by someone at brookings called malevolence tempered by incompetence, which i think sums up a lot of peoples feelings about the executive order. It said no one from these countries can come. It contemplated providing the president with a longer list to be added later. That was in the original order. It also shut down a Refugee Program completely for a time and permanently banned syrian refugees. I dont think there is a constitutional way to do it. It was clear from the language of the order itself. While the ninth ciruit decision is the decision that stayed the order and the trump order said we will not try to appeal, we will go back to the drawing board, it is important to understand we went into courts all around the country brought on behalf of detainees. I went into court in new york. My colleagues went into court in virginia and other states. This is something where every judge that saw this, republican and democrat alike, issued some form of stay of the order. Some stays were broader, some were narrower. It became clear the court in washington was prepared to issue a national stay. That is why was submitted and received amicus briefs from all different groups. The damage to the country caused by such an extreme termination of immigration from any countries in the world but certainly from the seven, we documented the harm it would cause to new york and new yorkers. We are a state that lives off international commerce. Our Health Care Sector would suffer. There were doctors not able to get home from family vacations. State institutions would suffer. Our tech sectors, finance sectors. We put forward evidence of the damage done not just to the individual detainees but millions of other new yorkers and people all over the country. I am proud of the fact the attorneys general around the country responded quickly within 36 hours of the order. We issued a strong statement because we were getting nothing but obfuscation and confusion from washington. One of the complaints from folks on the ground working for federal agencies is they had no guidelines. There were inconsistent applications of this elsewhere. We put out a statement we were confident the courts would strike it down. We are committed to minimizing the pain. And we followed through. Jeffrey we will see how that evolves. Do you see yourself as the voice of opposition to trump . Democrats in congress do not have subpoena power. You have subpoena power. Do you see yourself as one of the major checks on the new administration . Eric i do see state governments and state attorneys general in particular as a major check because it has become clear at least until now the republican majorities in congress are reluctant to pose much of a check on this administration. That brings us back to the wisdom of the founders providing for the federalist system where a lot of power is retained at the state level. I see myself and another group of democratic a. G. s playing a leading role in this. In several distinct ways. First of all, we are in a position to fill in if the federal government retreats from what we believe to be its duties to enforce the law. If they do not want to enforce the civil rights laws, they are not enforcing Consumer Protection laws or labor laws, states can fill in that gap. Second, if they take action that causes harm to the people we represent, we can challenge them in court. This comes up in many different contexts. Ironically, im now defending the clean power plan, for the the rules issued by the Obama Administration e. P. A. On Greenhouse Gases came after my office filed a notion of intent to sue them because they were too slow following up on a Supreme Court decision that directed them to do so. Our ability to File Lawsuits to protect people, the people we represent from overreach or bad Public Policy of washington is unusual. I think we will have a new test of the strength of our federalist fabric. The opportunities are there, we are not looking for fights that do not exist. The reason the immigration ban became the first flashpoint was it took effect immediately. Jeffrey even before President Trump took office, one of the responsibilities of the attorney general of new york is to regulate charities. You sued trump about the use and abuse of his foundation. Eric we determined they had not done the proper filings in new york to raise money here and issued a directive that they comply. They cannot raise money here anymore. We are working our way through whatever problems they are. They are being handled professionally. Their lawyers are cooperating with our lawyers. Jeffrey tell me about the Trump University investigation. Eric that was a different matter. This was a lawsuit brought in the summer of 2013, long before anyone thought he would hold the present position he does. It was not a political case. We were looking at forprofit colleges generally and had actions against several forprofit colleges. Trump university was supposedly a new york State University. We do have rules in new york we are picky about. You cannot just say this is a university and you get a diploma. We sued because it was a straightup fraud. Mr. Trumps role was as the pitch man. We have videos of him saying, my handpicked experts will teach you, and we got sworn testimony he was not involved at all. Jeffrey he settled it for 25 million, a relative pittance it seems. Did you roll over in that case . Eric not at all. This was an excellent settlement. Folks ripped off at university have been waiting a long time for the money. They wanted to get as much relief as they could. They received compensation. We got on top of that a Million Dollar fine to the state of new york because of their abuse of our education laws. I was very pleased with the settlement. Keep in mind, he said how many times i will never settle this case. Im going to win this in court. It will be easy to win in court. He is a new yorker. I am the new York State Attorney general. We have gotten to know each other in the context of litigation and investigations in the past. Jeffrey what do you think of donald trump . Eric i think it is extraordinary he has done what he has done. Give credit where credit is due, but hes now the president of the United States. Whatever our relationship was when he was a private citizen engaged in good or bad conduct is very different. We are not out to get mr. Trump. We are out to uphold the rule of law. Jeffrey let me ask a legal question. In the course of your Trump Foundation investigation, do you have the legal right to subpoena his tax return . Eric i dont comment on ongoing investigations. I dont think we are there yet. Jeffrey i am not saying are you subpoenaing, but do you have the Legal Authority to do that . Eric i dont think that is something required under the circumstances of this investigation. We are being very careful not to overstep our authority. We dont want anyone to get the impression there is any political aspect to this. We are treating it as much as we can like a normal investigation into another foundation that had troubles. I have to say to their credit, his lawyers have been dealing with us professionally and responsibly making Information Available as we requested. You subpoena tax records when people are withholding other types of information. Jeffrey one of the paradoxes of your role is you are both a Law Enforcement official and a politician. You run for office. You are a democrat. You supported Hillary Clinton for president. If virtually every state attorney general is a separately elected official, isnt there something inherently awkward at least if not actual conflict of interest of being an active and proud democrat and being someone who wields the power of lawenforcement . Eric not really. Historically, the really has not been. We have a long history, the republic has lasted a long time with elected attorneys general and fulfilling other roles. I think it is dependent on us being responsible. If something is going to hurt new yorkers, i represent the 19 million plus people here, i will take action. I have sworn to do that. I will tell you at least among my democratic colleagues, there is a sense of professionalism about our work. We are the guardians. We are not just representing our individual states. We are the guardians of the rule of law for the system of constitutional laws. This is a government of laws. Not just of one man. I think there was a real sense in which my fellow a. G. s got riled up by the immigration ban because of the sense of disregard for the rule of law. They took the position in the case that in the area of immigration, the president has unfettered discretion not subject to review by the courts. For any lawyer who takes the system seriously, it is an offensive position to take. I dont think this is a matter of liberal versus conservative. This is not an ordinary set of political battles. We are dealing with an administration that has shown disregard for the constitution and effort to circumvent the checks and balances established under the constitution to keep a chief executive from running amok. This is something we will stand up to wherever he tries to manifest it. Jeffrey one of those checks which had been rather scare is rather obsure is the clause that says in plain english that foreign governments cannot pay the president. There are some who suggest that through the hotel in washington and perhaps other ways, trump may be in violation of the cause. Is that something in your jurisdiction . Who could enforce that, challenge it . Eric this is a fascinating set of questions. We are in totally unchartered territory. Let me remind everyone there are two separate issues. One is the unprecedented refusal to divest himself of his holdings. Unlike other president s who created blind trusts or divested their holdings, he still has interest in companies all around the world. Second, his refusal to disclose what those interests are which adds another level of problems. There are two clauses in the constitution. In article one there is the foreign emolluments clause that says unless Congress Approves of some enrichment, any kind of gain by a foreign power, the president cannot accept it. The case law on this, there is not much case law on this. We are talking about a gift of stallions to a president in the early 19th century. We are reading the research and they are talking about ben franklin getting a jeweled snuff box from the king of france. We are in very obscure territory. My view is our representatives in congress have to at least know what his business interests are so they can fulfill their duties under the emolluments clause to approve or disapprove. That is something that will be litigated at some point. The second clause, and keep in mind at the founding of the republic there was a concern about big states versus little states, that says the president gets whatever his salary is and can get no further emolument from the United States or any state in fear that a state might try to pay off the president to get better treatment. That raises a similar issue. How can states know if they are violating it if they do not know what his business interests are . We are aware of the litigation already brought on this. Center for ethics and responsibilities in washington and others have brought other ideas to us. It is something i do think a combination of his refusal to divest or place in blind trust his assets and refusal to disclose what those are will come to litigation at some point, whether we are part of it or someone else. I am not sure at this point. Jeffrey let me ask you about it purely new york state issue, voting. Those who write about it are indignant about North Carolina cutting early voting and ohio and texas. New york has some of the worst voting laws in the country. The famous liberal bastion. No early voting. Very difficult absentee voting. Why . Eric this is something we cannot blame on republicans in congress. Or donald trump. And you have written about this. I have been an advocate for expanding early voting for a long time. When i became attorney general, our office set up a hotline for election day if people had problems. Last year, the phones were ringing off the hook. We had to bring in additional staff because there were some problems with voting. We did an investigation into the board of elections and took our findings and combined them into something called the new york votes act which would bring us into the 21st century. Have early voting, nofault absentee voting, free and open registration process. New york in 2016 was 48 out of 50 states in terms of participation by eligible voters. Shame on us. Jeffrey thats unbelievable eric that is something that some would argue is lower voter turnout favoring the incumbents of both parties. Some consultants make money selling the triple prime voter list of people who will show up in a hurricane to vote. And thats a very valuable list. I favor opening up the franchise. It is so easy to do. There are other states that do it. Oregon went to automatic registration. My proposal is the same. Jeffrey what is stopping it . Is it going to get through the assembly . Lets name some names. Eric because the public was so outraged by it last year, and you may remember, this was not just in one part of the state. This was all over the state of new york. Inconsistent instructions being given out by boards of elections. Names purged from the voter rolls imroperly. We filed a lawsuit related to that. I do believe the public anger about this makes this an excellent time to make a move. It has already been introduced in the assembly. We have sponsors. I have spoken to the leaders of both houses of the legislature about this. I think we have an excellent chance to make these changes this year. It is important to recognize this has become part of the national debate. When you have republicans in conservative states trying to cut back on Voting Rights who pointed to new york saying we are still better than new york jeffrey governor kasich said that. Said, what are you complaining about . Our laws are better than yours. Eric one of the things you can look forward to in the next number of years is states will be differentiating themselves. You will not have the big homogenizing federal programs. You can see if the federal government dismantles the Consumer Financial protection bureau, stops enforcing environmental laws, you will have some states that have strong civil rights protections and some that dont. I think it is important for new york to recognize we are back to like 100 years ago when states will be the laboratories of democracy. We have to open up the voting. Jeffrey where is Governor Cuomo . Eric he says he is in favor of it and hopefully we can get it done. We are very busy. This new administration has created additional layers of work for us. Jeffrey attorney general eric schneiderman, thanks for being on charlie rose. We will be right back. Jeffrey i am Jeffrey Toobin filling in for charlie rose. There are 1. 8 million new yorkers living in poverty. Reynold levy is the president of the robin hood foundation, a philanthropy founded in 1988 to alleviate poverty in new york city. It recently launched a campaign to help over 800,000 new yorkers receive the federal benefits to which they are entitled but not getting. Im pleased to have him on this program. Welcome. What is robin hood . Founded in 1988, which is recent by charity standards. Reynold robin hood was created by some publicly spirited Hedge Fund Managers who wanted to give Something Back to the city and were very concerned about poverty in new york city and ways in which to alleviate it. In its current incarnation, it raises every year somewhere between 125 and 150 million and distributes it to our nonprofit partners who provide services in everything ranging from Charter Schools to food pantries to Health Services to income Maintenance Services for clients all over new york city. Jeffrey let me ask you about poverty in new york city generally. Is it better or worse than 10 years ago, 100 years ago . Reynold we have shifting definitions of poverty, just as we have shifting definitions of wealth and the middle class. It is certainly better than it was 100 years ago. It has not differed much in the last decade. And arguably, it has worsened in the sense that new york is a very expensive area to live in. Housing costs and necessities have gone up considerably in excess of inflation rates. Incomes have not. Particularly for the working class. Jeffrey is that because of something the government did or did not do . Or is it about bigger forces the government cannot do anything about . Reynold we are fortunate in new york city to live in a town that is governed by both the mayor and a governor who in the last two years have made major progress for poor people. Increasing the minimum wage. Free prek to all new yorkers who have a child of prek age. Paid sick leave. A proposal now for free tuition both in State University and City University of new york. These have been enormous changes affecting the lives of poor people. Neither the mayor nor governor control microeconomics and they dont control federal entitlements. Those are areas outside control. Within those discretionary areas in control of the mayor and governor, we have had two very progressive forces. Jeffrey one of the things you heard from donald trump during the campaign was poor people, their lives have not gotten much better under barack obama. He would often say, what have you got to lose by switching your allegiances . What about that argument . Reynold we will find out. The future will tell us what impact the administration will have on poor people. Certainly, 3. 5 growth rate being projected by the administration as a goal will be helpful in terms of job generation. New york city has been thriving. A significant number of jobs have been created in the hotel industry, in the transportation industry, that have been helpful to poor people. The fact that tourism is at record highs, in the 55 million a year range, has been really significant in terms of its impact. So we will see what the federal impact is. Jeffrey lets talk about robin hood. You have 120 million roughly to give away every year. How do you decide . There are lots of good people doing good work. Reynold that is a very pertinent question to ask because robin hood has developed a very sophisticated set of metrics to determine the cost benefit of a gift to a nonprofit. We track the impact of that gift on clients who are served. What is the impact of a gift to a food pantry . What is the impact of a gift to a special ed class . What is the impact of a gift to enhanced tutoring or a longer school day . Jeffrey let me stop you in terms of metrics. That actually has been very controversial in many areas, measuring student achievement rates is controversial. You mentioned special ed. How do you measure the effect of putting money into special ed . Reynold you have a control group that does not get a gift that may have two extra teachers in the room that would allow for a longer school day. You measure the proficiency of the control group compared with the group that receives that addition, and you measure it over time. You see what the impact is over time. This measurement is extensive sometimes because it involves a longitudinal study and staying with the students. But you try to control for other factors that are not related to the gift itself. Jeffrey you want a lot of bang for your buck. You want to be able to measure it. Reynold correct. We hope that we will come upon some solutions that are replicable, that can go to scale, and that can influence systems not only in new york city but elsewhere in the country. Jeffrey have you found that has been the case so far . Reynold we found a few we think make a major impact. Curriculum reform, different kinds of curriculum reform. Systems to make Food Distribution more efficient and effective in the food pantry area. We are constantly searching for those. Jeffrey one of your big initiatives i mentioned at the beginning is to get new yorkers to get the federal benefits to which they are entitled but not receiving. Like what . What is it youre trying to get people to get . Reynold the start by asking campaign focuses on four benefits. The earned income tax credit, the snap program or food stamps, womens, infants, and children program, and the child tax program. If all new yorkers eligible received those benefits, it would take hundreds of thousands of people out of poverty. There are roughly 800,000 new yorkers eligible for one or more of those benefits who are not now receiving them. It is roughly 1. 2 billion of federal money fully legislated, it is there untapped. Jeffrey the obvious question is these people are entitled to these benefits. Why are they not asking for them . Reynold around the country, the figure is roughly 40 billion. To take one benefit, there are 44 million americans on food stamps. Rough estimates are there are 30 more americans eligible, or 12 million americans. Of those 44 million americans on food stamps, receiving food stamps has taken 10 million out of poverty. Often working class americans who are eligible for food stamps. Jeffrey why arent more people not asking for what they are entitled to . Reynold well, it is a stigma. 3035 of the eligibles for snap are senior adults. Many have worked all of their lives. Now they are widows or widowers on fixed incomes. Costs have gone up. They become eligible but think of it as a welfare benefit, and they are reluctant to take it as a result. Some are language difficulties. Some are concerns about immigration and being new immigrants and what impact enrollment in any federal program would have. Some are bureaucratic obstacles. Jeffrey let me interrupt you since you mentioned immigration. These programs like food stamps, are people who are undocumented immigrants eligible for food stamps in new york or anywhere else . Reynold they are not. Their children are. Jeffrey how does a 2yearold get food stamps other than from their parents . Reynold they enroll for their children. Jeffrey they can enroll. If you are in an environment where people fear any contact with the government, maybe they will not enroll and her kids to not get the food. Reynold which is why the start by asking campaign has developed a sophisticated triage system. Where there is a straightforward movement from awareness to enrollment, that can happen pretty automatically by computer or facetoface engagement. Where it is complicated, when someone is at risk, we want to make sure Legal Assistance is provided and legal guidance is provided on what the risks might be. That requires the particular condition of the immigrant. Jeffrey this is a Major Initiative of yours. Why this as opposed to Something Else . Is it because you think it could have this Multiplier Effect of getting all of these dollars into the hands of poor people . Why this program . Reynold we dont know of any other program that can relieve poverty more quickly for more people at less cost with no new legislation, no new executive orders. This money is there for the asking. It is not a shiny new toy. It is basic money to create greater awareness and motivate poor people who are entitled to these benefits to enroll. Make them aware and make the process as simple as possible for them. They can do it in new york city by dialing 311 or the website. Around the country, i would encourage any of your viewers who know poor people, poor people who work for them, who are fellow parishioners, who have contact, to encourage them to check out the availability of these forms of benefits. Jeffrey how do you feel like a program like this intersects with the political environment in the country . This is a country that just elected donald trump president. We have a republican house, republican senate. The idea that poor people are getting benefits and maybe too many benefits is widespread at least in the federal government. Do you feel this maybe is out of step with where the federal government is at the moment . Reynold i do not. The Food Stamp Program has been in existence for 60 years. It represents 12 of the dollar value of the food purchased in new york city. This is a very widespread and consensus program through republican administrations, democratic administrations, recessions, good economic times. The earned income tax credit is one of the few things speaker ryan and president obama agreed on. Republicans support the earned income tax credit. I think there is a consensus that people who work fulltime and work hard at their job should not have to choose between paying a utility bill or buying adequate food for their kids. There are proposals outstanding in tax reform legislation to increase the ceiling for the earned income tax credit. Jeffrey lets talk a little bit about how robin hood runs. Robin hood took from the rich and gave to the poor. I guess that is sort of the joke behind the title in 1988. Robin hood is famous, perhaps even notorious, for his famous for its famous fundraiser every year at the Convention Center where you raise this astonishing amount of money in one night. How did that come about . Why did that event take on such a life of its own . Reynold i speak now as an historian. I was not there. I was not there when it started. Jeffrey but you are happily the custodian of cashing those big checks. Reynold i am the inheritor and having in my prior postion at lincoln center, i was not not unaccustomed to benefits that raised substantial amounts of money. But this is singular. And i think part of it has to do with creating a special occasion and special spirit around poor people. There is such energy when you come into the center with 4000 people in the room getting exposed to the major themes of what robin hood has accomplished in the year passed with a focus on metrics and numbers, reporting back to our shareholders on what their gifts last year accomplished. And having a little fun as well. Jeffrey what about the argument the income inequality, the Hedge Fund People who have made all of this money, are in part responsible for the incredible the poverty. I wont call it incredible. But that there is something vulgar or inappropriate about it since they are such beneficiaries of the present system. Reynold lets contemplate the reverse. Lets contemplate for a moment they maintain the status quo but did not give a penny to help poor people. By what ethical standard, by what in our scripture would deem that a better situation than giving privately . I would argue those who feel taxes should be reduced further and that the government should play less of a role should feel a sense of personal obligation to give more themselves. Jeffrey lets talk about you. You have had a legendary career in the nonprofit world. Lincoln center, the rescue center. 92nd street y. Very different organizations. What is it like raising money for high culture, lincoln center, versus raising money for poor people . How is your job as a fundraiser different . Reynold i think the nature of the cause matters a lot. It is often said that people are convinced by the power of the salesman. If the salesman believes, they will believe. I think looking over the right shoulder as i am now of you and imagining what could happen if jeff toobin offered a major gift to robin hood, what would that mean to kids, hungry kids who would no longer be hungry. It motivates the request in the same way, in a similar way to what might happen on a stage if someone gives a substantial gift that otherwise would not happen. Or what might happen to the arts in schools if someone offered up a major gift . Jeffrey there are a lot of people sheepish about asking for money. You are not. Reynold not really. Jeffrey why not . Reynold because i have never encountered in my life an unhappy donor. Jeffrey what do you mean by that . Reynold i mean that people who give of themselves, give to something beyond themselves, feel better about themselves. Identify with a cause. I am fond of saying when i was at lincoln center, i said if you gave a substantial gift to lincoln center, a gift of consequence, that might even hurt a little, an unprecedented gift, i would promise four things. Better sleep, longer life, unobstructed pathway to heaven, and i would arrange for aisle seats when you got there. With benefits like that, how can we deprive anyone of the opportunity to share . It is a strong belief on my part that exposing a donor to a challenge and demonstrating they can make a difference with their resources, not just helps the beneficiaries directly, but helps them as well. Jeffrey do you mind when people say no . Reynold they really dont mean it. Jeffrey [laughter] jeffrey is that right . Reynold they mean ask me later. They mean it was a backorder. They mean it was a bad quarter. They mean i came to your office, you did not come to my. No is the beginning of the conversation. Jeffrey you obviously have a great deal of experience in this world. And you seem to have rules, in a way. How different are people . Rich people, uppermiddleclass people, they are often very different from each other. It seems like they have a lot more in common perhaps than someone like me might think. Reynold it is very important for the person asking for funds to find the intersection between the passion and interest of the potential donor and the cause. That means trying to know as much about your prospect and what motivates them, their children, the schools they went to, where they came from, what their values are, and engage in a conversation to find that meeting place. Jeffrey you have to do a substantial amount of research before you go ask him one for ask someone for money. Reynold yes. I am in a position where others do that research but i am a consumer of that research, absolutely. Jeffrey david geffen just gave 100 million to rename avery fisher hall. Some people said it will cost 500 million to redo avery fisher hall. Why did they give it away for 100 million . They should have asked them for 200 million. How do you make a judgment like that . Whether 100 million is enough or it should be 200 million or 300 million or 50 million . Reynold it is sometimes said that every cab driver in new york would be a better mayor or thinks they would be a better mayor than the mayor. I have hardly encountered a field where there is more secondguessing than the guessing about what others would give or should have given under what circumstances. 100 million gifts to cultural institutions are very significant. It was not until maybe 10 years ago that harvard, your alma mater, got the first 100 million gift. Jeffrey not from me, i hasten to add. Reynold for cultural institutions, libraries, parks, to be in that classification of giving at that level is historic and extremely meaningful and speaks to people about their importance. Davids gift was very significant. Jeffrey we read today of Hedge Fund People whose incomes, yearly incomes are now over 1 billion. Do you think that new class of robber barons is doing enough in the philanthropic world . Reynold i would like to remind everyone that maybe 30 years ago, bill gates was the subject of great criticism because he was earning substantial amounts of money and giving away very little. I do not think anyone says that anymore. Philanthropy has a place in your lifes trajectory. Often, that comes in a later stage in life. Certainly it did for Warren Buffett in his giving pattern. I would be patient with individuals who have made a lot of money but have not yet given it away. The growth of foundations, the increase in giving in the country is very substantial. I would suspect it will continue to grow. I hope that there are not tax constraints imposed on givers. I think that would be discouraging. Jeffrey getting rid of the taxdeductible the of charity gifts, that is one subject talked about. Reynold or significantly reducing it would have an adverse impact on the amounts given. Absent that, i used to hear wealthy people talk about their private planes. I used to hear what the people talk about their third and fourth homes. I now hear wealthy people talk about where they should give, how they should give, how they should involve their children, what forms their giving should take. The growth of philanthropy in america i think is very bright. Jeffrey it is bright. But i think gates is a wonderful example because he has established this foundation which is vast and active and has had tremendous impact in a variety of fields. But where are the Hedge Fund Billionaires . Where are their foundations . You say not yet, but there are a lot of needs right now. Reynold there are. I will tell you robin hood is an illustration of where Hedge Fund People are. Our board is well known. Many of our Board Members are extraordinarily generous and not only to robin hood but to many other causes. I think you will see a sharp increase in the size of foundations and the number of foundations, including many new actors at significant orders of magnitude of increase. Jeffrey i take it you have names in mind of people who will step up in this way . I expect you will not tell me on television. But you think there are people getting ready, like Mark Zuckerberg just created this enormous institution. Reynold i know there are. I know there are. The trajectory depends very much i often say philanthropy is biography. Jeffrey what do you mean by that . Reynold where you come from, what your values are, how you think about giving to others, what form that might take. There are a lot of people that think growing their firms and moving from employing 500 people to 50,000 people is an extraordinarily important act. We value that act, particularly in recessions. There are certain times in someones life when they want they are really focused on their business 24 7 and they feel they cannot do philanthropy properly. They push it back and everyone has its time. Philanthropy has its time. Others get there earlier, maybe because their parents started earlier or they were brought up in a different way. Jeffrey will philanthropy ever replace government in helping poor people . Reynold never. Every place where robin hood operates, any field in which it operates, Government Resources dwarf by 201, 501, 10001 what private philanthropy can do. That is why the start by asking campaign is so critical, because there is no way private resources can possibly substitute for the snap program or the womens, infants, and children program. A hungry child is something we all can identify with. Millions of hungry americans is a statistic. We want to reduce those numbers. We want to reduce them considerably. Anyone in your audience who knows of people who they think are eligible, i would just encourage them to have them call 311 or startbyasking. Org. Jeffrey reynold levy of the robin hood foundation, thank you for being on the charlie rose show. Emily it is one of the fastestgrowing apps the world has ever seen that has revolutionized the way we express ourselves in a single photo. Kevin systrom turned down a job for Mark Zuckerberg in college, shared a desk with jack dorsey as an intern with what would become twitter and in 2010, launched instagram as we know it. Two years later, he reunited with zuckerberg and agreed to sell instagram to facebook for 1 billion. The company had 13 employees and 30 million users. Today, over half a billion people on the planet use