She is the former labor secretary to have the department of transportation. Joining us now is Dennis Berman and jill schlesinger. I am pleased to have both of them here right now. Dennis, lets start with transportation and this chow pick today. If the president elect wants to get this massive Infrastructure Project done, she would seemingly be the person with washington connections. Dennis she does have experience in the government, serving eight years under george w. Bush, married to mitch mcconnell, the leader of the senate majority. Jeff the only one who served eight years under george w. Bush. Dennis a creature of washington and knows how it works. The interesting thing about infrastructure is there is so much work that has to go into actually spending the money. We talked about this at the and of the financial crisis with shovelready projects and there is a lot of work to be done. Jeff a lot has been made of infrastructure. I wonder has it gotten better at all since the end of the financial crisis or no . Dennis i do not think that is the case. If you look at funding from state level and city level for much of the infrastructure around this country, so many states and municipalities have been pinched so deeply that they are putting off maintenance projects. Trump is right and congress is right that the spending has to take place but it will not happen in a way that the politicians want it to materialize. Jill, how do we imagine this happening . Is it 1 trillion they are talking about . Jill is this a jobs program or an Infrastructure Program . If the genesis of this is we need to put more people back to work, arming to take people who were maybe disenfranchised from globalization and technology and try to get them involved and actually working, it is a very different question than, what is the best way to rebuild the infrastructure of this country. Right now when i speak to a lot of analysts, they say we do not even have enough people today for projects that are already funded. We are not sure we have the skilled they were necessary to do all these projects. The reality is that we are going to see money that is spent. Will the government be doing it on its own . It will be some sort of private and public partnership. When the private sector is involved they will want to concentrate on projects that have high yield. Many of those highyielding projects might be in places where the governments and localities could do it themselves, but are choosing not to. I think the devil will be in the details in this process. Jeff they may want to do it at lower cost. Dennis they have hired Chinese Construction Companies to reduce to redo some of the bridges here. Jeff the Space Program has become a public and private partnership as well. There are many possibilities, but challenges as well. You say can it be a jobs are infrastructure, can it be both at the same time . Jill it can be but sometimes these projects may be drifting towards the types of labor that needs to be skilled labor. It is one thing to do some kind of big, huge infrastructure spend when you have 10 unemployment in the economy. Right now with unemployment under 5 , finding the right people could be actually pretty difficult in this process. We do all want this. This is a bipartisan issue. But trying to find the right people to get these projects done is not as easy as that blurb of lets do Infrastructure Spending because that is a much more longterm project that requires a lot of thoughtfulness around it, and it is more than a slogan. Jeff lets talk about possible tax cuts. If they happen they are not insignificant. Dennis we are talking huge numbers at the corporate and individual tax level. The hope is that money will be spent. As far as the corporate level goes, this idea that there might be hundreds of billions, perha trillions of dollars that have been taken off shore where there are today, taken back to the u. S. Where they are put to productive purposes, say, giving people jobs, building new business infrastructure, again the devil is in the details there. We Want Companies to spend money for Business Investment, but they have been so reticent to do that. I do not know if they are going to do that even if the incentives are there. Jeff look at Companies Like apple, not spending billions of dollars. If it will happen, will the cuts happen . Jill they will be some tax cut plan. Between speaker ryan and president elect trump they are close enough that a deal can be made. I think the real fascinating part of what the deal ends up being is who makes money on this . I think that if you look at and you say, ok, Tax Policy Center scores the trump plan and says the average household in the United States will get 800 or 900 in tax savings. That seems awesome, right . 2 sounds great. But if you find out that the top 1 got much more at the end of the day, 10 , 12 , 14 of their gross income, then that will make a big difference. The other part of this is what we know from economists is when you give a tax cut to someone really wealthy, they might buy a new car. What they will do is invest it. A middle class are working class person will take that money and potentially maybe pay down some debt but probably go out and spend it. It is considered more stimulative if you go to the middle, where they are more people, and give the money there. If it goes to the higher end, i am not sure how much it is going to boost the economy. It will be good for rich people, no doubt. It will be less good for the middle and the bottom. Jeff stimulus remains a controversial word, even more so than it was a few years ago. Dennis i get back to Business Investment, to jills point. When you think about the rich people who are investing more in companies, wheres the Company Money going . Oftentimes it is going to share buybacks and dividends. It is not necessarily going back to productive use. When you talk about stimulus it is great on the election trail and great in congress but actual dollars in the peoples pockets io want it or need it, think we have got a long way to go. Jeff have you been surprised at what the market has done since election . Jill i was teased mercilessly because you said that stock market would crash if trump won. I was right for three hours. On Election Night it really did look like a crash. I think it is fascinating because the story is yet to be told. The initial Market Reaction has been Pretty Amazing. We have seen stocks rise pretty dramatically. I think because of these ideas of some stimulative effect of tax cuts as well as some spending going on in infrastructure. We see that the dow is doing better than the s p because it has more industrial companies, Small Companies have been on a tear. It has been phenomenal. Lets put my old cfp hat. The average american has 401 k s or an investment account. That person has stocks and bonds and the bond market has gotten hammered. That does not mean that we are going crazy. We will not face double digit inflation. But that does tell you that those markets see the world differently. The stock market see the world more optimistically. The bond market is a little more pessimistic. They are worried that the spending could come home to roost, could blowout the governments debt problem and in a major and dramatic way. A little fearful about what do the next four years mean for the economy, for people, and for inflation. Jeff what do the next couple months mean for rates . Dennis these guys are overstating it a little bit. Those rates were down to 1. 35 on the 10 year treasury. That was a historic low. Of all time. We are at 2. 35 and it is still incredibly low. On a relative basis, the rates have moved a lot. That will affect peoples ability to get a mortgage, finance a car, and education, all the things that matter. The fed wanted inflation in our economy. We were standing on the abyss of potential deflation. We are looking at some possible inflation and that is not necessarily bad. Jeff some possible inflation . It could pick up fast. Dennis it could pick up fast. It could pick up but right now i would say the fed when they are at home at night having private conversations, they are probably saying, you know what, it is not too bad. I will take this. Maybe jill has a different view. Inflation is not terrible at this point. Jill i agree. When i am talking about is the pace of change, which has been pretty dramatic. 2. 3 seems1. 3 to like, rates are still low in the 10 year but you lost 8 in a short time. That said, i agree, the fed would like a little inflation. Janet yellen who came under great pressure during the trump campaign, he said she kept rates and the fed kept rates too low for too long. She may become his good friend. If things start to accelerate they will raise rates faster next year. Jeff sometimes they accelerate faster than you think. You have to be reactive and sometimes you cannot react fast enough. Jill that is the top position of being a central banker. You are taking information, information can change and obviously, if the fed has to accelerate rates because things are moving faster than expected, that is fine. What is more intriguing to me around the movement in the bond market is that it feels quite extreme relative to what is going on on the ground. We do not know exact details of the Spending Plans and we also do not know whether Congressional Republicans are going to push back against mounting debt and the United States. We have a slew of legislatures legislators who are elected based on the premise that they did not want to much spending. These are the people who were willing to blow through the debt ceiling to keep spending in check. Will they rubberstamp a deal that adds much to the National Debt . I do not know. Jeff they have specific thoughts about trade as well. Everybody here involved. The president elect said some strong things. Dennis this is the interesting part of everything that will be happening in washington. Whether there are trade barriers erected in one form or another, that raises the possibility of more inflation, to your point. The dollar is getting stronger as Interest Rates are rising. If we erect trade barriers the prices of things coming to this country are going to be hit quite hard. We might be embarking on an incredible experiment on trade barriers in the modern world and we have no idea what the effect might be. Jeff we are embarking on a whole bunch of experiments. It seems like. Jill, what else are you watching out for right now . Jill what is fascinating is to see what kind of collaboration will take place with strange bedfellows. I was always struck by the fact that we talked about trade, for example, during the campaign, you had the sanders people and trump people coming together. There was a populist sentiment. I am intrigued to see what kind of conversations are going to happen across the aisles from one another. Im interested in seeing details of all of these plans. Im interested to see what the electorate believes what is happening to them. Sometimes what is actually happening to them is not evident until some passes. And i wonder if many times, what we do as a population is we say, i am voting for the guy who seems like a guy who will shake it up. If it seems like a throwback, what will they do at midterm elections . We want to see what all these other countries are going to do. I am still worried about brexit. I am a nervous nelly. Lets see, we are supposed to get theresa may to come out and say something. There are so many different pieces moving in the world and as you said, it is unprecedented, unchartered, but it is uncharted in so many different areas and to some extent, the economics of this is interesting. But actually the fabric of society is even more interesting. Jeff it is always unsettled to a certain extent, though, right . Jill not this much. Jeff maybe during world war i. The relationship between the executive branch and the Federal Reserve, we follow this war 200 years ago. We eventually could have abolished that, we start the Federal Reserve about 80 or 90 years later. It is going to be interesting to see if he really appoints people who will be very aggressive on is in theeds role government and the economy at large. Whether he appoints someone like Jeb Hensarling to treasury secretary who has been vocal about his reservations about the is inreserve, if i might use tt term of language. That could be an important thing for markets. Markets have become dependent on the fed. You could say that is a bad thing but the fed will bail them out and that relationship might change, which in the end, depending how its done, might have some positive effects but there will be some volatility in what the end result is. Jeff the link is tighter than ever. Jill you know what is fascinating, though . Janet yellen had said a year ago that she believed there had to be fiscal solutions, not monetary ones. Basically she is saying, world, you dowant it. Now the fed can retreat and normalize policy. That is going to be an important almost like a postcrisis natural occurrence that you thought was going to happen a few years ago. It is going to be on a fast track to happening. That said, we have been talking about stimulus measures, what is shovel ready, what is this, you have it has to be the efficiency of getting these dollars to work. My concern about some of the rhetoric we have heard is it sounds like a panacea. We have seen other countries try to do this. Japan has a gorgeous rail system. It is amazing. The economy is mired in a low growth period and mabye deflation. If we spend all this money and add to our National Debt, is this actually going to move the needle or not . Dennis i can paint a more positive scenario. I share your concerns, the details, shovel ready, youre totally right. Lets say there is a collective belief that somehow the attitude and the sentiment in the Business Community specifically has changed and people are willing, like i said, Business Investment wise to spend money. Whether you agree with trumps politics or not, it at least hypothetically presents an opportunity for us collectively to reset the mindset, which was one thing prior to this and that was stuck. Jeff for a long time. Dennis whether there are substantive changes to those things, i do not know. If we collectively believe ourselves that they are going to happen, it is a fake it to make it thing, which might be the ultimate Trump Creation that perhaps that might create positive benefits. Economicthe crossfire is. Crossfires. Onomic jill i would agree with that but that was starting to happen already. We were already seeing wage gains coming in to this time, we were seeing some Consumer Spending, we just got the revision to thirdquarter gdp, Consumer Spending stronger than expected. All of this has been happening somewhat organically. If it is a jumpstart, great, i am all in. I am generally a somewhat nervous person when i look at the promises. That is my number one thing. I want people to be clear that promises and campaigns are different than governing. When we see the results, i want everyone to have a job but i want people to actually be clear that what we are doing is going to have a good short, intermediate, and longterm effect. We will have to see. Jeff and Business Cycles are different from governing. One is not dictated by the other. It is Pretty Amazing to think that we are now almost 10 years removed from the financial crisis. Almost a decade out. Dennis berman and jill schlesinger, thank you both very much. Charlie Jimmie Johnson is here. He is the 2016 nascar sprint come champion. He captured a recordtying yearend title equaling him with Richard Teddy and Dale Earnhardt, senior. The win was his fifth of the season and the 80th in his career. I am pleased to have him back at this table. Welcome. Think of that with petty and earnhardt, sr. It is a cool place to be. Jimmie such a cool place to be. Those legends, what they have done for our sport, just honored to be joining them. Charlie how did you do it . Was this a difficult year . Jimmie it was a difficult year. We won the couple times early in the season and then the summer kind of head. We realized our four cars were not performing as we needed to. One of our Department Heads and everyone in general, we had 650 people working, building racecars for us. Charlie you won at charlotte. Ammie we knew we had mountain to climb. Worked together and we did it. Just as the chase started, our playoff started, we were getting hot again. We won two events in the postseason and that led for opportunity to change in miami. We won that race. Charlie i follow formula one, they have a big limb actiq race coming up in abu dhabi. The idea is that the same team, one was winning for a while in the other is when he now. It will be decided by the final sunday. Which says interesting things to me about the nature of the engine, the nature of the driver, the nature of the team, all of that. Jimmie think of the stress you put on these vehicles and second break,ve and it could be something much more elaborate with the engine, a puncture in the tire, there are so many very of holes. That is what makes a championship so special. Charlie how have your skills changed . Jimmie i feel like i am taking great care of myself physically so i am able to be sharp mentally and physically. Charlie people do not know how much driving is a physical challenge. Jimmie without a doubt. A huge part of it. To sustain the energy and hydration over the course of a race, things i have learned to Endurance Sports have carried over to my day job. Charlie but in terms of, do you see it differently . Does the experience give you a sense of how you see the challenge of where the challenge of the race itself on the perspective of the driver . Beyond fact that you are physically better, beyond the fact you have added new experiences . Jimmie absolutely. These tracks change. Each and every year. Like a golfer to a golf course, the more time you come to a course, you know where the breaks are. You know how to play it. And i know how to drive these tracks. I can watch them evolve and where the line goes and how to set up my car and the direction to lead my team. Life experiences, learning how to manage stress and your schedule, manage life. All that stuff is important especially when you race is often as we do. Charlie beyond the track, in terms of formula one, indy 500, nascar, what is the difference for a driver . Especially,ascar we are not allowed to have elementary in nascar. Any formula one, they have streaming data coming off the cars and they can tell you what is wrong. The relationship between the team and the driver it is key. Charlie all the data that is pouring into a formula one grand central, you do not have that. Jimmie we have all the same tools outside of. We are preparing and debriefing and using all those tools. But when the car is on the track, it is me. Trying to connect me to those tools and validate those tools and how to use those tools is a big part of our job. Charlie when you did not win were you beginning to doubt yourself . Jimmie no. It was not fun by any stretch. We were not leading laps and looking at a win. That part was tough. One thing that was helpful, Dale Earnhardt junior, it allowed jeff gordon to come back. Jeff retired last year. To have his Expert Opinion and one, he was watching from afar. Then he was able to get in the car and feel what we had been talking about. That was a big moment for us and helped us find the right direction and get the motorsports back on top. Charlie explain what he did. Jimmie just validated what as drivers were talking about. Charlie he had driving experience, he could confirm and validate. Jimmie he has taken a strong role in managing the company. Drivers are going to complain about everything, that is my job. We are complaining about all kinds of stuff. When jeff experienced it he was able to help mr. Hendrick understand where we needed to infuse money and which departments, and finetune those areas. Charlie did you ever want to own one . Jimmie absolutely not. Charlie no sense to go to any other kind of racing . Jimmie i have always wanted to experience other cars. I thought it would race indy cars when i was a kid. That was my dream. I have never been in an open wheel styled vehicle. I have never had the chance to drive one. Charlie what is stopping you . Jimmie i am busy and i have a family. Open wheel cars are far more dangerous than close body cars. Prior to having my wife i could drive an open wheel car. I have to honor that deal i have with my wife. Endurance sports car racing is something that is interestingly, especially as i retire from nascar. And i can go back to my roots with those offroad trucks. Charlie you have always been in amazing physical shape. Johnson harris understands a lot about how the human body works. You would come and work out and you had a gym in your house. You evolved toward doing marathons and triathlons. How is your body different than because of that . Jimmie definitely a lot lighter which is fun being in a race car. John gave me great discipline and structure for doing a crazy schedule and trying to fit it in and being productive and making the most of it. Charlie it has to be a routine. Jimmie it has to be a routine and effective. Just wasting time doing things will not cut it. Charlie it is better and easier because you have performance stuff. You are out there and it is not just a workout. Jimmie the endurance side has been good for me because car races are three and a half hours. Good hydration and nutrition is important. I have learned a lot about those aspects in a have been able to carry this over to my day job. Charlie this is what your cruciate said. This is what your crew sheet said. He is probably the most underrated champion in this sport, most people in this situation would crumble. Not waiting every sunday. He did not ever waver. He knew what the demands for at that point and he made it happen. The real spark in this whole thing is jimmie. You felt like you were carrying the future of the team on your back. Jimmie this year has been a special year for me. I have always been focused on being successful. That i was going to be a bigger role in the company. With jeff gordon retiring, he passed the torch to me and said to me, look, you can have whatever you want out of this company and you can be as vocal involved, or it can be a driver, which is totally fine. I felt like there was something pulling me to be a leader for the company, be more involved and help the Young Drivers that the driver chase elliott, helping those guys be more competitive, to be there for dale and help him through. The process has been a lot different this year. I have been more vested in the Overall Company itself. Charlie here is what people say. Said that you jr. Will did yourself to the front. Yourself towilled the front. Jimmie i have always been all in since i was a good. Kid. Lin since i was a my dad and i have had a passion to make my way to the big time. Through a lot of love and support and belief from others in me, they have seen that passion, they have given me a chance. That is all that i know. Charlie what is life beyond the track . Endorsements and all of that . Jimmie i backed a lot of that down. When my wife and i wanted to start a family, my job takes a lot of out of me. I have been selective on endorsements that i have so i can be at home. Charlie hendrix owns the other half of the car . Jimmie yes. Charlie why wouldnt you own per of your own car . Jimmie it looks like it would be a pretty easy situation to my first came on, it was a three car company. Jeff was eager to start the fourth car. Up. Aid, put some money charlie what does hendricks contribute . Leadership, vision . Jimmie jimmie he is a successful businessman. So all those things, but the man operates from the heart. Everybody works for us, it is a family environment. To have such a successful man with 100 auto dealers across the country, tens of thousands of people who work for him and the auto racing side we have, everybody feels like theyre working for their dad. It is an amazing attribute that he has and we are all in this family environment. Charlie if you had to do it over would you do anything different . Jimmie i dont. I had the dream to raise indycars. Race indy cars. When i look at my strengths as a driver, my up bringing, my background in racing trucks and racing on the dirt and slipping and sliding around polished me for nascar style vehicles. They bobble the slightest, you spin around and youre gone. With a nascar vehicle you slide. Charlie you are 41 now. 10 years ago your skills might have changed and affected your performance on the track. When you look at the competition, is it bigger, younger, tougher . Jimmie toucher for sure. It is so competitive. I was having a conversation a few minutes ago about how theyre used to be a flow on the track. 50 or 500 laps, why are you going to overly challenge someone for position . It is so competitive, you cannot give someone a break. [laughter] you go for blood each and every lap. Charlie what does that mean . Jimmie you have to fight for every position. Pitstops are so important where you are running on the track because of the aerodynamics are involved, closer to the field, the more competitive your car will be. No one cut you a break. Charlie great to have you here. Congratulations. Back in a moment. Stay with us. Jeff good evening, i am jeff glor. I am in for charlie rose, who is traveling. Mitchell and rachel loving were interracial couple arrested for violating antimiscegenation laws. It was the inspiration for the film loving. Peter travers of Rolling Stone calls it a quietly devastating film that resonates for the here and now. Here is a look. I am going to build you a house. Right here. Our house. I want to take her out to d. C. To get married. Are you sure about that . By the power invested me by the district of columbia, i now pronounce you husband and wife. In here. What you doing in bed with that woman . I am his wife. That is no good here. Richard perry loving being a white person and mildred jeter, being a colored person, did unlawfully cohabited as man and wife. I believe this is a battle that could go all the way to the Supreme Court. The state of virginia will argue it is unfair to bring children of mixed race into the world. I am going to raise my family here. I do not care what they do to us. I can take care of you. Care of you. I know that. I know we have some enemies. We have some friends, too. You realize this case could alter the constitution of the United States. We may lose the small battle, but win the big war. Is there anything you would like me to say to the Supreme Court justices of the United States . Tell the judge i love my wife. Jeff joining me is writer and director of the film jeff nichols, and and ruth negga and nick kroll. I am pleased to have them all at this table today. Jeff i want to start with you. The film overall, what strikes people who see it is it is a more personal story that it is the public story. When you are approaching the script which you wrote, why did you decide to focus on this marriage in particular as opposed to the bigger case . Jeff the first thing i was approached with is the story. That came out in hbo in 2011 i believe. When you sit down to watch nancys documentary, you are immediately struck by this archival footage of these two people. It is filled with it, with these photographs from life magazine. It is very clear that these two people sincerely loved one another. By the end of watching the documentary, i felt like i was witnessing one of the greatest love stories in american history. And it made very much sense, it made a lot of sense to focus on that, to focus on those two people. Jeff despite how reticent they are in the documentary and in their lives, how quiet they were, you sensed the love. These were not outspoken people by any stretch. Jeff they were not political people. It is important when we all know that this film is a representation, this is my interpretation of what i could find out about them. You want to try to find out their essence and you want to try to represent that truthfully. I do not think they had an agenda. It is important to the way the story plays out in the film and it is important to their story overall, which is the active act of them getting married was not a active defiance. It was not a symbol or a statement. They truly loved one another. That is important because that sincerity, it can draw more people into their story. This is not propaganda. This is not two people trying to make you think one way or another, they just love one another. I think that is an important thing to focus on. Jeff it is hard to find archival video of richard loving actually saying something. [laughter] it is tricky. Jeff there are a handful of interviews. There is a little it a footage from the mid1960s but we had to cobble together several different interviews to get a paragraph to research to build the voice out of. Jeff he was relying on facial expressions. His impressive bricklaying skills by the way, when she went to school for. Jeff when we landed in virginia because we shot this in and around richmond and Bowling Green and Central Point where they were from, the first thing we did is we got him in masonry school. He is good at it. Jeff he is really good at it. He said he wanted to go back to australia and build a pizza ov en. Jeff richard loving was not all that talkative. Mildred was not necessarily, either but a little bit more. Ruth yes, i suppose she was the mouthpiece of the couple. I think that it landed on her to be the one to communicate. I think she might have been quiet and reticent but she had a very dignified way of communicating what she needed to. And i think her manner was also one which people responded to. The lawyers, bernie and phil, they talk about a woman who radiated dignity and charisma. I think that was vital to getting their voice heard and what she needed to say heard. I dont think she was enamored of the spotlight. I think she pursued this case because it was her way of getting home. That was what was the motivating factor for her. I do not think she relished the idea of having to go to lawyers and have to go to court at all. But it was a necessary avenue to take to raise her family where she wanted to raise them which was in her home. Jeff one of the lawyers she dealt with could not have been much different from her personalitywise. This is an outspoken guy, he was a loud guy, he was very committed to the case but i wondered for you what that was like, dealing with such a sparse script for mildred and richard and you being the voluble guy. Nick we shot my first scene and realized that in one scene, bernie had more lines than richard has in the entire film. It was very interesting to play a character who is a much more talkative and as jeffs script beautifully lays out, bernies job and my job is to walk the audience through what is happening in the court case or what is happening in the proceedings as it is spanning a nine year period. I had to cover some ground in that. It is also amazing to work with people like ruth and joel who do not say much but are saying so much, that their performances are so subtle and nuanced and our committee getting so much without having to say a ton of lines. Jeff the lovings were given the option to be there for the court case in person, they did not want to be. Nick yes, it belies what jeff and ruth are saying, these were not people who had set out with an agenda to change the way american worked. They were two people who wanted to be married and could not understand why they would not be able to. The idea that mildred wrote to attorney general kennedy and that letter was passed along to the aclu, at which point bernie gets his hands on the case and gets involved is in a way a bit over his head, he did not have a ton of experience at the time. In phil to deal with the more constitutional aspects. They were able to make progress, but they were not political people. Do you think mildred would have gone . Ruth i think they did not want to hear their family being disparaged. By people who did not know them. I do not think they wanted it plays beautifully in our film that it disgusted them that their kids would be used as some sort of stick to beat them with. That was the final straw i think for them. I do not think they wanted to hear that. I think that is when you watch the film, i watched the film and i feel that. With neck and johns characters, they are reluctant, because it is such a shameful thing to use against people, their children. Jeff they were first arrested in virginia, and ended up moving away to d. C. To live for five years. But went back and were arrested again, and that was the spur for what became the Supreme Court case. Jeff kind of. They were arrested the second time and we take a little bit of creative license with the scenario around their second arrest. They were arrested when they returned for easter vacation. I collapsed that with the return of to give birth to their first child. Richards mother was a midwife. I took a little bit of creative license there. What really happened was that the first trial judge sends them to exile for 25 years. Exile from the state of virginia. The closest place they could go and be in exile was d. C. People could say what is the big deal . That is two hours away from their home. For richard and mildred it was a big deal. Jeff you see the dread on mildreds face when they are pulling in for the first time. How different the d. C. Neighborhood is from their environment. Jeff it is certainly city versus country. You have to look at mildred as a character of the ark of the story, which begins as a 19yearold who is pregnant. And has never been away from home to not only have the change of being married, having a baby, but also being completely removed from your home and your family. I believe and it is represented this way in the film that mildred went into a depression in d. C. She speaks about it in the documentary. We used some of those lines in the film. I think it broke her heart, and i think she had a connection to that place that was certainly built out of family but also built out of dirt. I think she was connected to the nature of that place. Jeff the names them i think joel has talked about this before. The names even though the case is so famous, the names may not yet is well known to Many Americans as one might think they should be. Jeff it is telling that the event that sparked all of this was in their bedroom. It was in the privacy of their home. It was not something done in public. It was not a march or an explosion. The violence here was by definition, in the privacy of their bedroom. It was done that way on purpose. Because i believe the sheriff at the time wanted to literally catch them in bed together. Jeff and he did. Jeff and he did. When you have something that is prosecuted inside the bedroom and then drawn out over a period of nine years, it is not necessarily the thing that stays in the headlines. Jeff it is interesting the documentary did not get made before it did. Right . Jeff nancy and ruth have spoken about it. They both read mildreds obituary in 1998 when she passed away. It was not on the lips of most people. Jeff and it was not on her lips, because she swore off all publicity for decades before she actually died. She did one interview before she passed. Jeff that was not who she was. Which validates the approach to the whole story. This is not who these people are. The same stance for her daughter who is the only surviving child. These people, they dont like drawing attention to themselves necessarily. Jeff richard is killed by a drunk driver at the age of 42. Very young age. The other two children have passed as well. Nick, you have done plenty of comedy. People always want you to make them laugh. To do the big smile. This is obviously a little bit different. Nick i was very excited to get the call from jeff because i was a big fan of his films. Jeff how did you find him . Nick i saw his show. I was a fan of it on comedy central. [laughter] nick thank you for saying that finally. Nick you do all this work and you hope you will get a call out of the blue from someone you it you respect. Hey, come do this thing with us and i got that call from jeff , and it was exciting. And then without knowing about the film or the story, i read the script and it was so beautiful and i know a little bit about the story itself, a friend of mine had written a song called loving, virginia. I was excited to be part of it. We have the desire to be able to do different things. It took someone like jeff to take, i would not say a chance on me but give me the opportunity to do something. Unfortunately it did not work out. [laughter] jeff nick has a tremendous resemblance to bernie. That cannot be overlooked. Jeff it is interesting seeing him in the documentary as well. He was not afraid to talk. Jeff no, and it is important to know about nicks performance. It is a performance within a performance. If you watch the documentary, we all change when we get on the camera. Our voices change. That was certainly true for bernie. People like you are watching episodes of the office. He is always catching the camera , very aware that someone is watching him speak. And i applied that in the first scene where he meets richard and mildred. This idea that he is putting on a presentation of himself. Because of his age and experience but that is who he was. Nick he had to sell them. This is one of the great scenes from the film. Each of the phone conversations is quite good because you see mildreds reluctance. Your character wrote a letter to Robert Kennedy who referred it to the aclu. I wonder how that is as an actor, talking to the phone in that particular scene when he is trying to convince you to meet with him and to take up your cause. Ruth didnt we ring nick . Jeff we recorded it. We had a couple different take us and we had those queued up. They would be timed based off of ruths performance. She was listening. That was the first time we heard you do the voice and it was uncanny. Nick i was in l. A. And i pulled over on fountain and called from the side of the road. I was look, i have to perform in documentary . I have to go call the 1950s. [laughter] and for me, hearing ruths voice, i remember hearing her voice in a couple of takes and i knew of her work but i knew her as an irish woman. To then hear her voice as mildred was like, a gave me the chills to hear it. It was really very, it was weird to be 3000 miles away and immediately feel like sucked into that world, and just hearing her voice. When i went to set i had heard her but to sit across the desk from ruth and joel, it was surreal. Again, it is not mimicry. But both of them so beautifully embodied the essence of these two people that you felt like you were i was talking to them in some way. It was quite surreal. Jeff a think you have to make a film that, as simplistic as it sounds, reminds people that the humanity at the center of the debate. There are so many relevant connections to political issues and social issues, we knew the audience would bring those into theater with them. Richard and mildred were not talking about those things, even though they were representing a lot of those things, so we had to stay focused on this relationship. Jeff thank you all. Jeff thanks for having us. Boca agrees to reduce output and more than one million or barrels per day. Russia will also cut. The surprise deal gives markets a lift. Energy stocks see their best date in nine years. Officials factory gauge at its highest since 2014. Is the old economy doing the heavy lifting . 5 00 a. M. In london and midday in hong kong. Lets get you a quick check of the state of play of markets. Generally an