And what is donald trump versus the Republican Party, or the Republican Party officials who have been either rushing away from his campaign, leaning away from it, and some are frozen in limbo. It was telling on the night that donald trump, in some peoples eyes, righted his campaign in that second debate, or at least righted it for nervous republicans. The next day he came out and went on a really strong whirlwind shooting match at paul ryan and john mccain and republicans in his party. As Newt Gingrich pointed out, if he wants to win, he needs to focus on Hillary Clinton and not keep his fire aimed at those republicans who he thinks of the trade him. Charlie so why does he do it . Because he is a counterpunch or by instinct. Hes also, in all the reporting i have done, there has been time and again stories of him, from people who have talked to him off the record and behind the that hewhere they say is fixated on people who have slighted him, people who have been, he thinks, offensive to him. This is in keeping with that. And also when he talks about being unshackled, i think there has been a constant push and pull ever since he won the republican nomination between donald trump as he wants to be, which is what he thinks brought him to the dance, which is to say his full 100 donald trump, and the establishment of the party, which asks that he reined himself in some. He thinks that is not only uncomfortable from a personal level but also ineffective, and not going to be what gets in the nomination. Theyre obviously a lot of people who disagree with that. Charlie when he reads the polls, what does he see . The best case. What he sees if you were taking a clear eyed view, is that he is down by five to six points nationally, depending on which average you take. In enough states where he is not going to get to 270. Hes close in ohio, doing well in iowa, and in nevada, but in virginia, north carolina, colorado, where if Hillary Clinton wins, its over. There are two strategies and its hard to tell how much he is embracing both. One is he turns out so many of his own base that all these models doing the polling are whog, that there are voters voted for democrats in the past or who havent voted in 20 years. Of evidence a lot that there is a huge group of those people, or there are another group of republicans who arent voting. The other theory is the one that he has put in place this week, which is that if he runs a full force campaign, hitting Hillary Clinton, bringing up every one of bill clintons character flaws and women he had an encounter with, or election counter with, that it will depress turnout among democrats so much that trumps core base against a depressed Democratic Base will give him the win. That is essentially a scorched earth policy. Its hard to imagine how that would work, and you could wonder what kind of a country would be left even if he were to win. Charlie what is the impact of the wikileaks disclosures . The hacked emails from john podesta, two baskets of trouble for her. One is you see how hard her aids were working to confuse the public about her positions, effortsh diversionary to keep the conversation offer emails. So you see a lot of diversion, not being straight with the voters. When you talk to people in both parties, a lot of them recognize this as the behind the scenes activity that campaigns go through. Moderngrettable that in politics there is so much time and effort spent trying to confuse the voters, but that is a bipartisan thing. Charlie with respect to women, clearly donald trump had to win collegeeducated women in order to find a path to 270. What do we know about the impact of these allegations, about central predatory activity, and that vote . What we know, as you rightly pointed out, that was the portion of the electorate he was trying to improve his standing with. A lot of those collegeeducated voters are former republicans, or have voted for the Republican Party in the past. Mitt romney won with collegeeducated white women, and donald trump is doing worse with that group i 1518 points, depending on which poll you look at. He really needed to fix the situation there. What we have seen from a preliminary cross tab is that he is still doing very poorly with that group of voters, and then we will see in the coming days say,otes or i should the opinions of that same group as they have dealt with and processed the allegations that have come, charging donald trump with behaving in the way he was talking about on that tape. Charlie is there a possibility he will not show up for the debate . With donald trump, anything is possible. I think the third debate is his last big chance. I think its not even possible event. Up in a single but there is a chance for him to come forward and make his last big case to a big audience. So whether his strategy is to keep burning things down, which is where they appear to be going now, and its another chance for him on a big stage to keep making the assault he did in the second debate, or if he pivots yet again, it would be the biggest stage where he could put that other face forward. I think it is in his interest to participate in the debate. Democrats have been arguing this week that its not in Hillary Clintons interest, because she will just its very unpredictable. Charlie what does conventional wisdom today, as we go into a weekend, say about the senate in the house . Senate and the house . The conventional view is that the democrats dont have a chance of taking over the house, although there is a lot of chatter. One of the things paul ryan has done with his no mans land position he said he wont defend or work for donald trump, but hes not on endorsing him hes trying to have it both ways, but theres a way in which that helps as members. Those members and districts with trump voters get to beat up on paul ryan, say this is an outrage. That helps them in their district. For anybody who has more moderates in their district, they can try and use what ryan has done as cover to say, look, if you sent me back to washington, you will send me back to a place with the speaker whos not completely in the trump camp. The Republican Party that you grew up with, and i am now channeling one of these members, is not the party of trump. Thats a tough thing to do, for a speaker to be in those positions, that he is trying to do it to get his members maximum flexibility. I think there is still the view he will be able to do it. The question is whether there is a big wave a lot of the house members that will go down will be those who have more moderates in their district. The republican majority that returns will be more conservative than the one there now. In the senate, they conventional wisdom is that it is trending democrats. Theres a big rob portman in for is up by 18 points, but somebody like pat toomey in pennsylvania, who wont say where he is on the trump question, hes in a real pickle. If Hillary Clinton wins pennsylvania by three or four, pat toomey might survive. But if she wins it by 10, thats hard for pat toomey to survive, and that means the democrats will be back in control of the senate. Charlie finally, assuming theres a possibility of a wave election, is she missing an opportunity to articulate a governing vision, so that she can argue that she has a mandate for change . I dont know if she is missing it. I dont know if they can get through. Her pitch, as i have been listening to it over the last few days, and they have been trying to get to this place for the last many weeks, is a much more positive vision. A sense of a she will do with the office once she has been in it. That has been the challenge of her candidacy overall. What she is trying to say now is you may find what hes doing objectionable, but you cant just vote on that. We want to take america somewhere new and better and give people selling to vote for. Thats a political necessity she voters to turn out for her and not against donald trump. But there is a governing benefit to it, which is that you can say, hey, we ran on something, we had a set of policies, and once we get elected, lets enact them. I wonder if that is even possible, given the state of conversation we are in right now, where its so far off the concept of issues. I think this will be seen, in the end, as a thumbsup or thumbs down on donald trump. If Hillary Clinton wins in that election, her best work in terms of trying to build a mandate is going to be after the election, in terms of reaching out to the other side, in terms of doing fast moves to try to build something in the wake of whats going to be an election where there are a lot of unhappy people. Charlie back in a moment. Stay with us. Charlie ernest munis is here, the u. S. Secretary of energy. He was a lead negotiator in securing the Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015. That agreement lifted economic sanctions in exchange for controls on Irans Nuclear weapon capacity. The doe is trying to eliminate Carbon Pollution standards. The landmark Paris Agreement on Climate Change is set to take effect on october 4, aiming to keep Global Warming below two degrees celsius. Please to have you back. Are you thinking about the end of the human straight and what you might hope to accomplish between now and that short time in the future . Sure. Were within the last 100 days, and with the election coming up, we expect the transition teams to becoming an. Are we want to finish number of activities, as you mentioned, continuing serving with the iran deal, continuing to develop a clean energy agenda, but also we want to tee up the priorities for the incoming team. Charlie what are your priorities . First of all, you alluded to two of theat are highest priorities, the climate, Clean Energy Innovation agenda and we have a number of specifics to advance for example, working with the congress to complete the budget in a way that supports the innovation agenda, and teeing up what we expect to be a much more aggressive agenda in terms of defunding in the next five years. Of course, Nuclear Security is a major focus. The iran deal is one part of what i would call the president s agenda, which was much broader. Get involved arms control, Controlling Nuclear materials, and the iran deal is very important, but so are things like looking at our Nuclear Deterrence posture in the context of strategic stability, driven Current Events in the world. That will be important. I would like to see in the next few years of the ministration the congress returned to a copperheads of test ban treaty, where i believe the arguments for that are Even Stronger for the United States. Well be setting up those priorities even as we finish charlie if you look at the russia,coming out of they not only have a more you seeve attitude possibilities of returns to the cold war, which i guess make a Nuclear Agreement even more imperative. Youre absolutely right. Obviously, our relationship with russia right now is, to say the least, not i good shapen. Charlie and not heading in the right direction. In many ways it started in ukraine. Twoght add that there ar etwe areas where their relationship is having major effects on the doe. One is initial deterrence. Id suggest that i would not make the analogy too closely to the cold war in the following sense. In the cold war, the major issue was concern about the exchange of large numbers of Nuclear Weapons. I dont want to denigrate that concern, because both sides still have large arsenals, but i would say if you look at the evolution of what has been happening recently, theres probably a higher risk in terms of regional conflicts, and socallede use of a smaller Nuclear Weapon, quite big enough to ruin a good day. That remains a concern, and you mentioned russia, and russia has explicitly talked about a philosophy of escalation, t deescalateo. Its a new condition, and one that we have been evaluating and that the next in ministration will have some difficult decisions. Hasa second issue that really been elevated in our attention, especially starting with ukraine, is the whole issue of energy security. Charlie i want to come back to the iran deal, the first of a talk about the paris deal. Goesber 4 is the date it into effect. Which is quite remarkable for a deal of this scale. Getting the Paris Agreement was quite a substantial achievement, a very big first day. First step. But then to go from an agreement in middecember to implementation in less than 11 months, when you have almost 200 countries involved, is quite significant. I think it shows that the world is ready to not only acknowledge the issue but to address it by pitch in. Rybody pi charlie what will be the impact . Well, the impact i go back to the statement of big first step. Its big because the kinds of ris byments made in pa essentially every country in the world will put us on a trajectory over the next 1015 years of what i would call deep decarbonization, lets say mid century and beyond. However, the next 1015 years is not the answer. That will not clearly get us to our 2 degrees centigrade or lower goal. Were going to have to push beyond that time, and we think, and the department of energy has an important role, that innovation in Clean Energy Technology both continues to renewables and other technologies, lower those costs, and in addition open up brandnew areas of Carbon Dioxide management. For example, can we capture Carbon Dioxide and use it in large commodity products throughout the world . That kind of innovation is going to be very important to carry us not just 15 years, but 50 years. Charlie is the United States in the forefront of that innovation, or is china, or other countries . I believe we are in the forefront. Charlie in terms of wind, solar and pushing on carbon capture, which could allow us to use coal. On advancedng nuclear technologies. We are pushing hard on efficiency gains in all sectors. Electricity, manufacturing, vehicles, etc. However, we cannot be complacent, clearly. Other countries we are pleased about it. Other countries have joined us in another Initiative Starting in paris. That is the first day of the paris meeting, november 30, 2015, president obama and Senior Leaders of 19 other countries stood up and committed to what is called mission innovation. Is a commitment by those countries, and now the eu, to double clean energy r d over a fiveyear period. A scale that would take us from 15 million twoyear to 30 billion per year. The United States is by far the biggest player in that. It signals two things. Agenda iss innovation something that countries across the world intentd to pursue. And its also a signal that when you take the Paris Agreement and every country in the world commits to a low carbon trajectory, that means we are seeing the formation of a multitrillion dollar clean energy marketplace. Its important for carbon, and its important for economic competitiveness, that we keep pushing on the frontiers, maintain what i consider to be an edge in at least most areas of the Clean Energy Transformation thats coming. I think its very much in our interest to get the signal straight, get industry, get utilities, get investors, bankers, understanding that this is the direction. One of my ceo friends likes to say, and i would apply it to the Paris Agreement, you cant keep ways off the beach. That is where we are going. The issue charlie like king canute. We have to deal with that, and manager to our benefit, both environmentally and economically, and in terms of security as well. Charlie are we Energy Independent . Yes and no. In issue of our being net 0 the next year is a possibility. That i think whats important to understand is that does not mean that we are isolated from the global market. And that is especially true in oil, because its a global price. If the price spikes internationally, lets say because of a major disruption, and recently the rise above 50 charlie are we talking about geopolitical event . Where it could be something else. We have had expert solicitation looking at risk, and certainly the risks of a few Million Barrels per day, reasonably sustained disruption, its not that small. Just look around the world. Internationally would propagate right to the American Consumer price. We have had plenty of evidence for that and other countries. In other countries. That is why we continue to require a petroleum reserve. Charlie if you had no political restraints in terms of having to deal with congress and all that is necessary in a democracy, is their policy you would like to see instituted tomorrow . Would it be, for example, an all carbon tax . A larger imposition of Initiative Standards . Where with the secretary go if he didnt have political constraints that exist in a democracy . What i have said consistently and the president said the same thing last week, in an interview with leo dicaprio that, look, today we have in the United States a strong climate program. The president put in place 2013. We are executing it. We feel pretty confident that with that program we can reach the kinds of goals that we have in 2020 and 2025. In terms of Carbon Emissions. Charlie are those compromise goals . I will come to your question. However, the fact is, this program, in the absence of is basedonal action, upon existing in ministry to the authorities, and consequently, the program has to be, in some sense, sector by sector. A clean power plant, efficiency standards for vehicles, etc. And we can get there. At least for a while. However, certainly for the longterm, going to Something Like a nice, efficient, simple, economy wide approach like the price of Carbon Emissions, is clearly a much more efficient way to be able to address this, and i think there is a way, when combined with innovation, to address longerterm needs. Announcedhe president the Climate Action plan, based upon a ministry to the authorities, there was prefaced by a statement. We would love to work with congress in getting economy wide legislation. I believe we are going to get there. I believe we are going to get there personally, and in the nottoodistant future. Charlie what does that mean . Is not just me i think were going to get there in a few years. Charlie five to 10 . The lower side of that range. Industryhing, i think signalo get a clear about the direction we are going in. The low carbon directions, we are going that way. But exactly how the fiscal policy is going to be structured, etc. , tax policy, lets get clear signals. The Capital Investment decisions these companies make, were talking decade scale. That is why i think in the next few years, we are going to see, coming together around a nice, clean approach doesnt have to be a carbon price, but that is one example that economists have said would be an efficient way to go. Charlie the president believed that what we do in energy is a crucial National Security issue National Security issue. I termsn of recognizing the threat to the planet. Have you ever said, this is my most important priority . This is what i am most proud of thatis administration, finally we seem to be making some progress . Well, the president has many priorities, that he has made a strong statement. Ill be perfectly honest, i dont know if im supposed to say this, but when im at with the president prior to being offered the position, the first issue out of the box was to talk about the climate and clean energy and clean energy as a solution to the climate challenges. He made it very clear that his second term, this was going to be raised dramatically in terms of charlie do you believe his priority you need public, political support, even though there is a vacuum of the ministry of action has come to understand the severity of the threat . Obviously it is more today than it was 10 years ago, more than a was five years ago. But has it precipitated at a good systems that this is an Urgent National priority . I think the vast majority of the first of all, the. Lope is clearly going there the issue of whether the climate is changing, a great preponderance of the public recognizes that. Still some additional arguments made by a lot of misinformation as to the role of human activity. Well, if thesay, world is warming, the climate is changing, we should be addressing it. Certainly, the issue of Carbon Emissions charlie whoever created it, we need to deal with it. Sec. Moniz there is no issue about the very significant Major Driving role of human activity. Before in a congressional hearing, you know muchnot have to more than counting to understand. Using results obtained in the 19th century, the rate of emitting co2 takes us into this realm of degrees of centigrade warming if we do not address it in these next decades. Into theit takes us range of centigrade warming sec. Moniz there is an international, pretty much, consensus that two degrees if you go beyond that, we are getting into much serious categories. Gates said we need an energy miracle. Anything that is half the price of todays energy, cheaper than l, totally replying reliable, that is an energy miracle. Sec. Moniz that statement by engendered two kinds of reactions. One is we agreed and the other is we do not agree. One argument is that we have the technology now and lets just deploy them. When i am asked which one i subscribe to, my answer is yes. [laughter] years, i can see us getting there as we continue way wee costs down the have been doing with the various technologies and have the appropriate policies in place. If we talk about really deep decarbonization, 80 reductions, etc. , and we remember that to do that, it is not just the electricity sector, where we have a lot of options. It is also the transportation sector. It is also the industrial sector. Why that is where i started reading with bill and say agreeing with bill and say, we have to do the research now in order to have these Breakthrough Technologies if we are going to have them in 1520 years. Proceed in both directions. Charlie the next Energy Review focused on a like on electricity. Bono was just here discussing it. Sense, we in some have many infrastructures we are concerned about but two that i would argue permeate every other infrastructure, electricity and telecom. The convergence, the greater convergence of those in these next decades is going to be a very big story in terms of charlie suggesting what . Sec. Moniz much more collection of data throughout the electricity system, transmission system, generation, but behind the going meter into the customers house, managing all of the smart appliances. How do we optimize all of that . It is going to be a big deal. A second big deal would be distributed generation technologies which will be opportunistic for societies that are currently badly underserved in terms of having electricity, like subsaharan africa, parts of india. We may be able to provide those for the use of information achnology in ways that suit resilient architecture. It does raise the issue of cyber. The more you rely upon the i. T. Structure, the more risk you. Ave to address so far, we are doing a good job of that. Make no mistake about it, the Energy Infrastructure is a major target of Cyber Attacks already. Charlie meaning they have tried to make the attack and it has been thwarted . Sec. Moniz correct. Looking at various control systems in the grid and we work very closely with industry, including at the classified level in terms of threats and in terms of response, how to make them more secure. Charlie let me go to the iran deal. Having lived up to the deal have they lived up to the deal . Sec. Moniz yes. I do not want to give the impression that we are on cruise control. It requires active interactions. Inspectors are doing a really good job. The deal gave them a whole set of new challenges, new activities they have not done elsewhere. They are doing a great job and the iranians are complying. Charlie what happens after 10 or 12 years . Sec. Moniz we want to emphasize, there is no one time frame. The fundamental structure is that there are some significant restrictions on a rainy and iranian Peaceful Nuclear activity for 15 years and the transparency and verification, which is central to the agreement, that goes on forever. That is the idea. For 15 years, there are restrictions on what they can do in nuclear and then we go into a greatly elevated verification and transparency regime to make there is still no weapons program. Charlie are you convinced that deal will prevent iran from having a Nuclear Weapon . Sec. Moniz yes. A lot ofbuilds in ,ransparency and verification and that is supplemented by our socalled National Means and it builds in a significant Response Time if we have to take other actions. Sonally, right now charlie now it is at least a year . Sec. Moniz a minimum of one year. Charlie what did you learn about negotiations . You are said to be very good at it. Was it the capacity to stay engaged and to listen and know where you could go and could not go . Sec. Moniz i think look, we know the negotiation had not and then when we notesgether and compared i want to make sure this is understood. Said, and have always we still say, the deal is not based on trust. It is based upon verification. Having said that, there is a distinction that i would say for myself that we did trust each other in the sense of negotiation. That is important as well. The important thing is very level,n, at a technical werederstood what exactly our absolute needs and what were his absolute needs. We came to the realization and this was probably one to two months we came to the realization that there could be a deal. Our fundamental needs were not in fundamental conflict. You going to are do in this administration comes to an end . Sec. Moniz flyfishing. We have a lot to do and we want to run through the tape on this and an figure it out. A little downtime would help. Charlie thank you for coming. Back in a moment, stay with us. Charlie other people is a filmmaking debut of saturday night live writer chris kelly. Intimate weekly calls the Film Entertainment weekly calls the film heartbreaking at times. Here is a look at the trailer. Cremation. We talked about this. Burned up,ing to be ok . How would you like it if somebody set you on fire . I do not want to be personally lit on fire. I want to be frozen. Do they have that as an option . New york city boy in the house. You are not too good for us, are you . Your mom is going to need a lot of help. Dont look at us. We are drug addicts. I thought you did not want to try medical marijuana. Well, i tried it. Your mother was supposed to be born dead. She is still very, very lucky. Ask her doctor. He is dead. Stop it. Does anybody have any questions . When i die, you have to live your life, but you cannot date anyone for a year. Travel the whole world real quick . All he ever wanted was to be a mother all i ever wanted was to be a mother. Becomes clear. Now you are other peoples other people. Boughtmber that wine i on the internet. I looked it up and it does not cure cancer. Charlie joining us is chris kelly and the star of the film, molly shannon. Molly what an honor for us, charlie. Charlie what does it say about grief, this film . Molly it is a complicated time, not just one thing. The characters go through different emotions anger, sadness, hysterical laughter. It is a complicated time and chris really grasped that in the movie with all of the characters going through complicated feelings as this woman slips away. Me, howeople have asked did you know what percentage to make it sad or funny. I am pulling for my real life experience. I would not know how to write this movie as only a drama. My mom was so funny and my family has a strong sense of humor. The last a lot of the days. Days. Laughed a lot of the there were moments of levity. Experiences this with your mom dying, was this such a profound experience that you said, i feel compelled to write about this . I feel compelled to make a piece of art. Chris yeah. Not right away. I have written tv and sketch comedy and it was not until years later, when i was thinking i wanted to write a feature that i started charlie the idea of writing a feature brought you back to this . Chris i kept just coming back to that time in my life. I was nervous about writing about that time because it is autobiographical and i did not know if i wanted to be that personal. Reasons why not to do it but at the end of the day, i thought, i keep thinking about this time in my life for a reason. Charlie why molly . Chris she is so good. Charlie you saw some essential quality . Chris i was not trying to say, this person looks exactly like my sister. For my mother, i wanted to capture her essence, someone who is very funny, someone who lit up a room, someone you could be loud and stubborn and graceful and sweet. I wanted somebody who was funny, someone who would bring levity to the movie but when she was getting sick, it made it sad or in some ways. She is just the best. Molly it took my breath away. I was so moved by the material and i felt so lucky to be up for such a fantastic part. Charlie what was it about his mother you thought, i can really get inside this character . Molly i really related to how close she was to her kids, to her son especially, and how much she wanted to be a mom. I personally really relate to that. All i ever wanted, i lost my mom when i was four. I used to play on the playground and i would be the mother and i dealt with grief through been the best mother to all of the kids on the playground. I would play this game over and over where i was the best mother and a fun mother. The line that says, i get to see my whole world at dinner. That is the line i felt like my heart burst when i read it. I found it so moving. Charlie life is about friends and people and family. When preparing for this role, did you go from personal experience . Molly i spoke to chriss moms best friend. I spoke a lot to chris and i pulled on my own experiences, my father died of cancer and i lost my mom when i was really little in a car accident. I mixed it all together. Charlie this is what you told esquire. With all the cancer movies i have seen, where are the beautiful lessons at the end . I wanted to be more poignant and more overwrought. The truth was it was often so matter of fact. It was brutal and so boring at times. Father died my unexpectedly when i was in another city. Mother died over a year period of lung cancer. It was boring at times, simply matter of fact, it was unknown, all of that. Limbo. A very scary i had moved back from new york and put my work on hold and i was so glad to be there. I was very lucky and grateful i could be there for that time but you have so much time, you want to be there and you want to be present. There were times when she was. Esting and your mind wanders you have so much time to think about the worst case scenarios. It is horrible but it was lovely it was sort of a lovely time in my life to spend so much time oneonone with her. Charlie that is what a lot of people say. Get a chance to talk about the meaning of life. Much ofeople ask me how the movie is autobiographical. It is not that every scene is true. Those conversations with my mom are the most autobiographical. The line you mentioned is an actual memory. The small moments and the specific things my mom said are the truest things. Charlie you consider yourself a dramatic comedian . Molly i do not i always took the emotional truth of the characters. I never wanted to act silly or make fun of the characters. Mary catherine gallagher, that was a girl who had such a big heart, just wanted to be kissed. It was emotional for me even though it was a big comedy character. It always felt so serious to me. I went to nyu drama school and i just happened to get into comedy. Somebody in los angeles said, comedy is king. Is it . Maybe i can get started this way. I was a very serious dramatic actress, charlie. Charlie what does that do for you . Your sense of essential experiences molly there is nothing like it. Lorne michaels is the best. The adrenaline, the live performance, getting to create your original material. You write yourself to get on the show. The most creative, it is like a comedy boot camp. I was struggling doing stage shows for so many years, performing for 100 people at a time. I remember thinking, this is so great. Show, i goty stage to pay for the band. Amazing. It is if you strike a cord and people relate to your characters, the response you get back is i was not prepared for that. Charlie what is the challenge of being a writer . Hris so much output it forces you to write so much under such intent pressure. You write everything on tuesday night. Write 3,at because you 4, 5 sketches a night and you have to turn your brain off and go with your gut. It gives you a thick skin. You write sketches and sometimes they work and sometimes it tanks so hard at the table. Molly i had a joke with will willell one time with farrell where we wrote a sketch and it tanked. If we bomb, lets just bomb brilliantly. Charlie other people is in select theaters and available on vod. What does her family fake . David do they think it was something wrong with us men wanting to do computers . Did you ever think your wife would be better off getting a harvard degree . Mr. Gates i am a weird dropout. David as far as your relationship with steve jobs you were the wealthiest man for 20 years more, is that more of a burden than a pleasure . Would you fix your time, please . Let me move it this way. Ok