There was a ditch. And he worked. So the most fundamental thing you can give people is an opportunity to earn their own bread with dignity and with a chance to move up. That my father had. It is kind of ironic. He did not have much else. But you gave him the chance to make it on his own. We are not doing that for people now. Charlie how do you best do that . Yes. I think one of the worst things you can do and trying to provide the answer to that question is to use all the magic language of the politician. I think what you ought to do is address the question with common sense and baby talk. And you know who was brilliant at that abraham lincoln. Charlie your hero. Everybody hads, the opportunity to know him would have to love him. Although the voters did not love him which is an interesting reminder. But lincoln described it as well as you can describe it. Are tryingd is, you to figure out what government should do. Government should do the things for you that you cannot do for yourself privately, individually. If you need to come together and pool your money and energy to get it done, then we call that government. Everyonell look back, of us on moments in your own life when you made a decision or something did not work out and if i had won that contest in high school, i mightve been on broadway. Ive got 2000 for signing with the pittsburgh pirates. Mickey mantle got 1100 the year before. Charlie whatever happened to him . The seconde me for year, contract to waco, texas tech class b. Class b. Did it ever occur to me that if i had gone back i couldve been major league . So many good things that happen in my life. Many more than i deserved that i am not capable of feeling regret in the sense that she will occurs that gee willikers, i feel bad. I have gotten much more than i deserve every way you can get anything. Charlie, it is a standard and basic theory. I like the past game more to where i think. And each club, you see buffalo do this. There we go. You have got to do both from the start of the gamepad you cannot wait. If you do not get your running going, you will be able to pass. Ny novelist of my generation learned a great deal from hemingway. As far as great themes goes, i think what i go for is simple. Simple questions. And simple questions are often large questions. As far as big themes go, i tried wellke it, i try to write rather than badly, try to make it interesting rather than boring. Charlie you try to tell a good story. What is it you think you do best, because clearly, it is your command of language that critics seem to notice a lot and seem to be compelled by. Thinkt what you it is that you do best . Rut i try to do is put fairly complicated and intense psychological states into language. There is a difference between what we are experiencing and expression in language. About areas of t humanh condition and i try to put them in line which that is clear and plain. Really did enjoy teachingi, more thances anything, and i enjoyed a tough ballgame where it is going to be a contest. I hated those games where the players, the fans, everyone thought we should win by 20. I knew the other team was dangerous. But the joy also was the relationships that you have with the guys. In basketball, in college, you change each year. And like bill fitch said when he went from the celtics to houston and treating them like men, and our philosophy is play hard, together andd play have fun. We do not talk about winning. Its a byproduct if you play hard and play smart and play together. Later, we cannot laugh about it a bit there is no point in surviving. Getve to make sure to never captured again because that would be in very poor taste. I dont think an experienced or die do not think ive changed much. Charlie what does your wife think . Not really. I charlie ad as always was. Unfortunately, you did not change. Into this business because there is something about this big story that is more exciting than anything else. Sometimes the big story is a war. Charlie did you want to be in the middle east . Sure. Journalism is a very sort of blunt technology. It goes with certain narratives know as an say, you seect, i got sobered up, i my children. Got us off welfare, survived cancer, then got a great job, that is one story. And that is the story i like to tell. But theres another story about somebody who was a fullon in everyonesuin lives he came into contact with, created enormous collateral damage, and either through luck or pluck made it away from that. Both those stories are equally true. I i think there is one that makes a little better narrative charlie that is the second. It is about a thug that works at the new york times. Id write that story. I probably have. Charlie yes, you have. Ive always disliked using the word success. Its a dangerous word. I thinky business life, maybe because it was born on a farm, you never think the crop is going to come in. Charlie and depending on the climate, it might not. I never allowed us to use the word in business. Built into the virus of success a successful person or Successful Company or successful a couple are of viruses drilled into the dna of success in one of the viruses is arrogance and the other is complacency. And it can just explode in a person. You walk into a restaurant and the minute you know whether or not they have to be able to come in here. Whenoke is an example of we decided when we were not infallible. Charlie what was wrong with it in the end . The of the simple fact is that cocacola was more than a drink. To people. I will give you an example. 100 people to answer phone calls. And i would go up and. Answer phone calls. Call from a lady in california. She was kind of crying. I said, what is the matter . She said, you are taking away cocacola. , one is they last time you drink a cocacola . She said, 25 years ago. I said, why are you upset . She said, because youre playing around with my youth. I wasnt spock like taughtmpassioned i was to be emotional as an actor. I learned to express emotion not to suppress it. It was against the grain hours working i was helped by directors to find a way. The first time i said it wrong. There were something happening in the dramatic scene and i said fascinating and the director said, no. Do the scientific, curious approach. Lose this moment because i should be part of the scene. I did not realize that i would establish a very clear identity for myself by saying fascinating. For political reasons, it is much more better for me to stay be elected governor. I was elected three times. Charlie a good record out there. I have so big experience in the regional level, not at the federal level, that i do not think i made very big mistakes. Fashion really is a craft. Craft. Important if somebody has a nice neck day dress ikke tie or it is really a business of temptation. American fashion is probably the last example because they are producing so many Different Things. And they are trying their best to seduce american women into buying beautiful clothes. There is nothing wrong with that because it makes you feel better as i said before. But American Fashion takes from other sources like and turns it into something everybody can understand. Charlie you do not think of yourself as a businessman as much as you think is itself as a reporter . Absolutely. I try not to miss a trick. But i miss several. Charlie he warned that john fairchild, if you tell them, it is fair game. That is the job of reporting to you have got to watch everything. It is fun to do interviews and talk to people because people are all good and interesting. But if you let them talk, what they say, is much more interesting than the periphery, things to write about them. If you talk long enough all people are fun to write about. Almost everything i do, whether it is an office building, a museum, house, almost has a domestic sense to it. I can face each other whether at the dinner table or whatever it is but there is this facetoface, seatofthepants ways of understanding the way human bodies work in a room in the way people converse and the conviviality of a place. All of that translates finally into a building that the japanese like to call humanist. My clients say that. The body. Ea that ourwe become the center of own universe as we make rooms and collections of rooms. Want to make sure that this place always commands confidence. Confidence brings in investments and brings in talent. With investments and talents, we will prosper. That confidence should never be civic emotion, strife of any kind. Charlie strife of any kind . Yeah. Charlie you cant go there. Do you wish you had a bigger fish bowl to achieve your miracle in . This is a small island. Its 40 minutes from one end to the other. It is very difficult to have jade of built. Charlie what is it that makes thathe strategic thinker people come to ford vice . For advice . First, i do not think that people come to me for advice. They come to me to bounce ideas. Just to test them out. Charlie what is it you have . Experience. Im 88. Ive lived long. Not forgotten my mistakes. Of sufferingy remains a regular mystery of life but also the presence of of of of sin, injustice, of hatred, also with these things our sins, they represent a mystery but we have in jesus the mystery of life renewed and hope restored. Widened with wondered and people seeing. Then we have the mystery of iniquity. Harod seesks to kill him and dos kill children. That is what the gospel record said. And then we have the mystery of gods invasion. Us in christ has come among have made common cause with the brokenness of our humanity. This is what is healing about it. We need affirmative action as long as theres discrimination that continues. And, affirmative action is a way, a method of ending exclusion. So lets take a Truck Driving company, a Trucking Company that hires drivers. Suppose they hire 30 a year. And suppose they have never hired anybody but white men. There are plenty of such trucking companies, by the way. And what should they do . If they want to end the monopoly of white men in that kind of a business, and they should, the only thing they can do is start a program to try to find competent people, women, africanamericans, others and to see if they can try that out. They were ready in april of 1987 for public release. Was waiting and finally where are the tapes . I was doing my book on watergate. I was anxious to have it. They then told me that nixon has requested a rereview of the whole thing. I said, how long will that take . Another 10 years . Well, we waltzed around. Finally after five years or became clear there was nothing going to happen as long as Richard Nixon was around. So we filed suit, we meeting myself and Public Interest law firms. We filed suit in 1992. Sued the National Archives that had custody of it. Richard nixon intervened in the case. Richard nixon and i are joined at the hip. Into and forever in the title of the case. Anyhow, he intervened and the flow of legal papers started. Until his death in 1994. Thisi will interject at point and say im absolutely convinced Richard Nixon could have lived another 100 years and would have fought with every tool and resource at his command. He just did not want to deal with these again in his lifetime. What i have done is the right against the running time. Charlie right against the running time write against the running time. Meeting . Meaning . The present time is very quick. And always a feeling of not to forget or go back to see what is present. My books. I have the present time inside. But always looking back. Theres a relation between present charlie present and past. This was one of my lessons i got. If you are not able to do anything in future if you have nono knowledge of the past. You cannot understand the present time without this knowledge of the past. Charlie of the past. Ive always been interested in luxury goods. The way theyre made. The way people buy them. Names are very important in retailing. Brand names. Very important in life but in retailing they are most important. And ive always i always try to present goods to people the way was easiest for them to buy it. That is the responsibility of developer. Make every store an opportunity for the customer. Charlie that was your big idea. It. Hat was charlie why does you want to get in the auction business . To mel, it was brought and i dont been whenever i see an opportunity, im excited about it, i like to get involved. Bought thingss, i at auction. So i knew a little about it. It when i got involved in it, saw business that was a wholesale business and i believed i could make it into a retail business. That was a big change. Charlie by doing what . Easier, moreit convenient, exciting, more opportunistic for the customer. Charlie the same thing you have done with the malls. It is the same thing. We have changed the art world by doing. We start with 1923. Any film practically from then until now, so what did we do . Of 100. Up a list i made a list of 100 without looking at them. We had different organizing principles. Mine was to create a party where a lot of different people would come in. Not just my favorite american films, but i looked through, i ransacked my love for ingmar bergman. I love hong kong movies and there are one or two of those. I love Indian Musical melodramas. Despite some reservations, there are a couple of those. Talking about the old films we fought so much about when we were coming up with this list. No matter how fence they are, they are documents of the people who were no matter how fanciful they are, they are documents of people who were alive at that time. Everything that happened happened before the camera. There was no fooling around. Could not go back and fix it. Thats what drives me. You know, i would have been driven it without cancer but it drives more that i have had it. Because the money, and its an old bromide, it really does not matter. What really matters is if you can do the work of your life. Butt every day to get to the work of my life. And im so thankful that i can continue to do it. It makes me a better writer. This is my third novel. I think it is the best novel i have written. Maybe the fourth one will be even better. Civility used to be very much as part of the atmosphere is very oxygen we breathe. Mr. Rayburn used to tell us, the greatest asset of a legislator and a Democratic Society is the ability to disagree without being disagreeable. To destroy the argument of ones adversary does not destroy the person. Ones ideological opponent of the same assumption of honor and integrity and sincerity that we would like for those people to accord to us. That was the order of the day when i went to congress. It was an 11th commandment, thou shalt not demagogue against my colleagues. Today, i find those timehonored [indiscernible] there is a tendency to diminish, to demonize, to scandalize, to question the patriotism of ones political opposition. Are certain things one can say, for example, most analysts, i think this would include, it certainly would include me. I never practice but im trained to be an analyst, also. Would argue that these metaphysical entities, the great giants, life against death, what you talk about are those metaphysical units which we do not really need and that below that is something aggressiveness and section rally sexuality. Much more complicated. That these make perfect sense to me. When they played the last song for b. B. , as he is going to meet his maker. [laughter] what do you want to hear . Peace in the world. There is a song we do now called peace to the world. I hope there will be peace in the world. I doubt it but maybe it can be more painful. Peaceful. That is when i first came to new york and as to Wander Around new york and take pictures. Now i use all different kinds of cameras. Ons andm, i have cannas leicas. It is up to the people of iraq to decide who their leader should be, not up to the state department of the white house or the pentagon to decide on the. At. We have been seeing and reading this nonsense you see for six or seven years, and president s of Saddam Hussein is trusted by his people and he will remain until god decide to the people of iraq decide, not the american editors, but the American Government not the American Government. Charlie i was surprised to see on American News programs over the weekend, a notion of people saying i wish someone would do something about not iraq, Saddam Hussein. In other words, people were appearing on Public Programs here . Charlie in the United States. They want to see him eliminated. That sentiment was reflected. Is that moral . Charlie no. Is that ethical . Charlie do you understand that . Do you see that . That there is such a kind of repulsion. The United States. The establishment. But the establishment in the United States does not decide the fate of iraq. Does not choose the leader of iraq. Saddam hussein was not brought by American Forces to the leadership of iraq. He came to the leadership of iraq by his own means with the support of the iraqi people and army and nobody is going to change that because mr. Soandso in the United States does not like Saddam Hussein. I suppose it was late something i wanted. The thing is, you know, that life is all in the present, living entirely in the present. Charlie as a Fighter Pilot . Yes, as a Fighter Pilot. And i, there was something within me that wanted to, these up, sore being heaped to speak, and vanishing in a way. There were some deep urge in me to make something of this rubble of days. Something lasting. I suppose that is what impelled me to write. Do a studentd to film which initially one of americanectors at the film institute, which is a film school in los angeles asked me to do this film. I initially turned him down. And he begged. And i didnt know the first thing about film music. And i agree to do it. And right from the first moment, just fell in love with writing for film. I found my vehicle. Charlie what . I think, for the first time i felt that the music was supporting something bigger than the music that had a profound effect on an audience just sitting in a dark room listening to an orchestra play. It was new music. I was writing new music, having it performed which is a rarity. That is like going back to the days of haydn and mozart. It is very good in a democracy that when there are frustrated and resentful people that they have a candidate that you get this issue is out on the table. That is why i felt all along that affirmative action ought to be debated in our elections because it is when you do not debate these kinds of issues and surface those frustrations that you get a very angry mood in a democracy. Ive been winning most of the time. Ive won most of the time and i continued not to win. But you have to take chances. I take chances all the time. I tried Different Things all the time because i want to do them. I do what i feel like doing, i went and did broadway shows. That was very risky business. And i did them. Aces in theo deck that will work for us. Simileto use a gamblers in this. It is a family that has that works for the interests of the people that has the judgment to know if a bad decision is made to go back and correct it. That will move with the people for the people and not in spite of the people. And the other aspect of that is the faith of the saudi citizens and their religion. Forcewill be the binding that allows this great transformation to happen in the country and keep the social cohesion of the country together and the unity of the country together. 1970s, i was a college student. Seen, i did not see anything like the level of torture which is happening now. People are being, they throw bombs. Petrol being poured on their bodies and their satellite. Even the mayor elects wife has been burned to and shot to to you know, after total brutalization. So, that did not happen during the colonial period. This is unprecedented. The peoplejust, and are talking about a government not unity. Mugabe is not a man who will share power with anybody. I dont think that way. Books begin for me with, as i said, an image or sound of peace of the music. In making aerestede magazine for people who want to know what is happening. Charlie not the typical reader in your mind. Other than their curiosity about mind,ypical reader in my the magazine, the people i make my imaginary reader is somebody that really wants to know something about what is the best that is happening in movies, what is happening in art and is somebody who does not have a ghetoo mto mind. Isn somebody whot thinks in terms of magazines being gay or straight or black or white or younger women, someone who wants to know about the contemporary world. If you come to the salon and i will make sure that dress is great for you. You do not see yourself going at every place you go. We do something very special. We do what they do in europe, which is unique posing for the individual. Had a lot of people that know something about fashion and i said, what is his signature . With a said color, cut, fabric . I think, i dont know, glamour. I like pow. I want a woman who wears a stasi dress to be noticed. I do not want to just wander in like a wallflower. Best thing that ever happened to me and it goes back to a very un lombardi like thing. Im in the locker room, im with my dad. He was shattered. I was, too. I was trying to hold back the tears. Because when you go through a long season, you get beat up. Youre the one who lost the football game. You lost it for everybody. I mean, it happens. Then somebody came u vince lo mbardi put his arm around me and said, dont feel bad about it. That is not the mart lombardi yu read about. Im general he an optimist. I agree with a lot of what and what burke has said about improvements. If you look over the longer run, the difference in Race Relations in this country today and day. There is no comparison. Opportunity, advantage, uplift, all of this is here that was not there before. If you look over the short term, the last 1015 years am a youre looking at a downward spiral. It doesnt matter how many statistics you can quote, president reagan, if not a deliberate racist, certainly a benign races. I saw Eleanor Holmes norton on the tv with United States senator set for five minutes we have got to talk about this problem and never once mentioned the word race. Never once mentioned black and white. Said we have to talk about it. We have got to do much more than talk about it. I want to describe lives which has been influenced by some overwhelming neurological problem or deficit like colorblindness or autism. And but to expanded into a full ography, which involves my pseudonym in real life. Charlie you came from a family of doctors, yes . Your brothers are doctors urge her mother and father were involved in medicine. Developed the interest that you have in u neurology . Was very early. Both my parents trained in the rolla though they did not practice it. Trained in the rolla g. But the most incredible thing in the universe. Trained in neurology. Charlie was there a moment, a time when it happened for you . At tiffany . Epiphany . There have been a lot of up if and these. Epiphanies. Charlie what areas of exploration of the brain are most fascinating to . Think increasingly those to do with consciousness. Im interested in language and consciousness. And w makes ush a person. Being charlie rose your brain is you in a way your heart isnt. You cant have a brain transplant. Charlie i might need one. Brain embodies itself has been doing so from the moment of birth. I think this is the exciting thing. What i think is you are dealing with fear. You have to get through to those fears. That way you have to know what people are really afraid of. These days, as a poster even 10 years ago. The linehave to cross so that you can elucidate those fears, put them into a film in a way that goes beyond good taste or what is proper in the society, to speak about what the mpaa feels comfortable allowing you to do. You have to go into the forbidden areas. Peopl ask me, why do people want to be scared . My answer is people do not want to be scared. They are scared. We have resident fears from real things. Lets not forget reallife. So, the reason i think this works for kids is that those fears are evoked in those movies and brought up in the course of a story in a way that has some resolution at the end. Muslime ask why arent nations more prosperous, they point to western policies as the recent. Westerners say well, it has to do with corruption in government, other factors, lack of education. And muslim publics tend to be much more critical of the west, much more critical of christians and especially jews. In the United States charlie but why . I think it has to do with the difference in values, which are juxtaposed with each other in this modern communications world. A difference over policies, support for israel when it comes to the United States, the war in iraq. The war on terror is a more broadly when it comes to not only the United States. Weve always had a tendency to underestimate the nationalism of others. We didnt understand it in the case of france. 1944, when the u. S. Came prepared with its own administration, quite surprised to find that french had their own ideas about who should govern on. Govern them. 1944. We made the same mistake in vietnam. Obviously, and cuba. We have made exactly the same mistake in iraq. We thought that just because we were getting rid of Saddam Hussein, they would be grateful. And we find that they do not like being occupied. A very Strong National feeling even in a nation which is rather problematic, given its past and its divisions. But they do not like a prolonged occupation. The yankees. Care who i play for as long as i got to play ball. Charlie what makes the difference between a guy using the language that was in bull durham who makes it to the show and the guy who doesnt . Is it talent, is it will . Yogi i was a lousy catcher when i came up. Are you kidding . I never caught the ball. Thirdan outfielder, basement. But they thought it had a pretty good arm. They made me a picture. My first year charlie would you, rather be a catcher because you are in on every play . Yogi its fun. You are in the game and you get to talk to everybody. The outfield is kind of lonely. I dont know i say em. I can go to parties and people yourhear you say one of funny things. I do not know i say em. It just comes out. You tell me what time it is and i will say now. Nobody goes there, it is too crowded. Charlie what is your favorite . Also when you come to a fork in the road take it. You cannot hit and think at the same time. Charlie what are some of the others . Iny. crime an i would still be asleep if you did not wake me. Charlie nobody goes to that restaurant anymore because it is too crowded. Yogi it gets dark early out here. I think in one way you can broads gotte4n a appeal. A simple story with a good conclusion. Six people. Charlie good guys win. Bad guys lose. Everybody likes a story like that. My highest and best use . I have done a lot of things. I was a federal prosecutor in my 1920s and watergate in the senate and made a few movies. And traveled around the world a lot of times. Visiting foreign leaders and all. ve stepped up a time or two. And i think its time i stepped up again. At a time, when i can do it freely and openly and be myself , which ings my way have been roundly criticized for and say this this is the guy ive always been. I have been in the public stage since i was 30 years of age. What you see is what you get. Im concerned about my country. By someseen to be people to be very close to the United States. Charlie a tool of the United States. An american creation. Observe the meetings we have, the delegations were received and the way that people have talked to me. And have received me. This whole issue of being an american creation is so far from the mark. Who comes in observe the situation on the ground in baghdad. Toim glad to say that due the aftermath of katrina, i saw so many wonderful acts of kindness, generosity from every level, from the top to the average person on the street. Overwhelmed by the generosity on the heartfelt spirit i have seen from so many scale katrina left us with is the good is outweighing the bad by a long shot. There are a lot of wonderful things going on, especially due to katrina, ive been able to see them come to light. For one thing, even though this may sound a little personal, but when i first got here i was on a Radio Program and i was saying the things i lost. And later on that afternoon, steinway called me at my, they got my number from somewhere said, you willnd have a steinway as long as you need one. Things like that happen. There were people on the street bringing gifts to certain t rucks on broadway. Sending things down to the people in new orleans. What do you most want to be remembered for . Be honest, i have never given any thought to that. Charlie not a moment . No, no. I tried to do what i through was my job. To do my duty. And the great problem is not to duties, the great problem is to understand what is my duty. Sometimes you have conflicting duties. Outwha have to find what is my first duty and what is my second and third, and what is my duty but not as important as this one . Charlie how did you define your duty when you are chancellor . I iwawas listening to friends and collaborators inside my country, outside my country. The en you have to make up your own mindd. To listen to advice, you get conflicting advice, of course. And in the end you have to make up your own mind. But normally, i would not have acted out of instinct but only after collecting advice. Number one the progress we have made in creating and helping to build a peaceful United Democratic europe for the first time in history through enlarging nato, the new democracies of east and by building a relationship with the democratic russia, i think will have lasting and enduring importance. Number two i think that putting our relationship with china and a much morect on substantial footing will have enormous longterm significance. China will be the largest country in the world and one without which we cannot solve any problems that we face. That wethat recognizing are living in a Global Economy and therefore, for us to grow, others must grow, we must open trade. Economic growth is not a zerosum game. As our customers grow, so to speak, we grow. I think is an important accomplishment, its manifest in the gat agreement and in that there is trade agreements that the president has negotiated or proved. Approved. Me healthy but the connection with Young Players and the discovery of new, players is na refreshing experience because this is wonderful to know that this kind of music will not pass. Charlie look back for me a second. What are you most proud of in the first 70 years . Think i never was proud. I was satisfied or happy charlie about . About things that i say i came to new york as a kind of adventure and i feel at home, i feel welcome. My life hereat makes sense. Charlie why . Because i could offer something and people understood what i wanted to bring to that city. Music can bring Different Things. Can be exciting, can be thrilling, can be refreshing. I wanted to be touching. I wanted to give people a feeling in the concert hall, a kind of being at home. Being at home with themselves, with their ideas, with their soul. Then they discover that theivr lives also make sense. While they are listening to music. And i believe this kind of message just came over. Charlie so when you come, when i come, when someone comes to philharmonic,ork , yo you want them to walk out of that concert hall having the music connected to who they are and what they are about and give additional meaning to their lives . At least what i believe music brings to you is always to make you aware who you are. To make you aware that life and death is connected to each other. And i feel that music can help you. Requiem to learn that death is necessary. Because it gives life sense. T gives life a kind of importance. Say, i would like if i say farewell to the world that i have done something useful for other people. With paintings start drawing. And then i draw. Me. Sort of magic to 1949. Started in paris in i did my first picture with panels. Paintings change. New york is a different place in paris. Form and grounng d paintings. Colors. Canvas with two and one color was always more important than the other. It was like a form and a ground. Objecth the panels, the quality of the painting was the form. With both colors. Wall became the ground. I wanted it to be a real object on top of another, not a printed version of it. Ad its carrying over from painting portraits, painting landscapes. You make a scene. It is not really real. But if i do it one canvas, red, on top of it, do black, theres a real reality of it. Of the real object quality. Say, if i did a drawing of you or a painting of you on a canv as, it would be that i was making a portrait, but in doing the twohrhere i took panels together, that it is more real. That is all i can say. It is sort of magic to me. Are you making portraits of canvases . Perhaps, yes. Yes, that is it. John all right, welcome to our special new years eve edition of with all due respect. It is over, sports fans. You can finally Start Talking about 2016 because in just a few hours, it will be 2016. Before we do, lets talk about 2015. What a year we laughed, we cried, we saw the rise of donald j trump. Lets kick things off with this question what do you think was the biggest political