From our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. Rafael correa is here, the president of ecuador. He is here to talk about his country and his sense of where latin america may be going and what he believes is the best way to do more things for the people of ecuador. Thank you very much for inviting me, charlie. For me, it is an honor to be here. When you look at your goals for ecuador, what are they . To eliminate poverty, first of all. This is an imperative for our country, for ecuador and for the entire world. So eliminate poverty to have country with justice, dignity, prosperity. And what do you have to do to achieve that . This is a very good question. Thank you very much. I have studied all my Life Development before becoming president i was professor and i studied economics here in the states. I can tell you that Development Means basically a political process, especially in latin america. You have to change our relationships. Why are we underdeveloped . Because we have historically been controlled by little powerful groups, our elite. So we have to change these our relationship and we are doing exactly that through very democratic processes. But it is not just a political process. It is also a technical process. After changing the relationship for power, you have to improve your people standard of living. If there was too much power in the elite, how will you eliminate that power and give more power to the people . Changing institutions, changing policies, changing products. For instance, we have a new constitution. Our new constitution prohibits to be to have a bank and to have medium. That is a very important source of illegitimate power for some groups. So in ecuador, if you are a banker, you must be a banker. If you want to have a meeting, you just come to have a meeting but you cannot have both of them. You have to have Group Meetings not controlled by the government. The media in ecuador criticize the president . Of course. The media all the time every day because most of them are bound are owned by this elite. Public media, also, they have independence and they can criticize the government. Let me talk about how you see the role of government and you are identified as a socialist. Yes. What does that mean to you . To look for social justice. And who have been the academics as well as the political figures that have influenced the way you see government . My political thinking has been influenced by the social doctrine of the Catholic Church and also the liberation theology because i worked in my youth with these groups. But also for several experiences in latin america. Lula in brazil and venezuela . Of course. He was a political hero. Well, he was a political figure. And you admire lula and chavez because of what they did in changing their country . Of course. You should remember what was venezuela before chavez. Venezuela was several years the most Important Oil producers in the world. And where all this money went . Outside of all the controversies, etc. Now venezuela is rapidly reducing poverty. Before, it was one of the more it in equal countries. Chavez did positive changes in venezuela. In addition to reducing poverty, there is a question of medical care. There is a question of education. Yes of course. There is a question of jobs. How will you meet those challenges . We have been very successful on these policies, on these sectors. For instance, we are doing a lot of reforms in education and improving very fast our education system. Also our health system. Our Economic Performance is one of the best in the region. Our Unemployment Rate is around 4 . Better than the United States. I didnt want to say that but you said it. Define the relationship with the United States today. We would like to improve this relation. I think we have good relation, but it could be better. How could it be better . To know each other in a better way. To understand what is going on in ecuador. Not just ecuador, but all latin america. Do you think the United States listens to you, that it cares about what you say, that the United States cares about the future of ecuador . Define what is the United States. The government, the people, the academia . The government of president obama. Personally, i dont think so. Why do you think that . The Foreign Policy of the United States hasnt taken into account latin america and this is a mistake. Perhaps mexico, perhaps brazil, perhaps argentina, the biggest countries, the biggest economies, columbia, too. But there are several other countries, ecuador, etc. , they are not too much taken into account and that is a situation that must change. And what are you prepared to do to see it change . Is is not a priority for us because we are an independent country. At least to let us continue to do what we think is the better thing for our people. But here is the interesting question, like in mexico and other places. Do you believe that the private sector can play a role in the economy of a country, number one . And number two, play a role in the economy and contribute to the growth of ecuador . But of course. So it can do more force people. Of course more for its people. Of course. It is fundamental for the country. We do not deny the market. But societies must govern the market. Govern the market. Yes. Every National Private investment or Foreign Investment is welcome in ecuador. And those private companies would ask the question do you respect, does the government of ecuador respect the rule of law . Does it respect individual rights . The historic old expenses that it is the opposite. Usually, international does not respect our country. Nevertheless, we are receiving a lot of investment right now. Do you believe the United States government is in any way trying to be an opposition to you . I dont think so. I think president obama is a very good person, mr. Kerry a very good person. But it is clear that certain groups inside the government, inside the congress, this and that, senate, the society, certain right wing groups are against ecuador. And they are manipulating information. They are telling things that are not true, etc. One of the questions always comes up with respect to you is what is happening at your embassy with the head of wikileaks. The offering of asylum to edward snowden. Help us understand that. What was your attitude about that . We didnt offer asylum to edward snowden. He request i know he did and i was going to get that. I know i misspoke. Would you have granted him asylum if he had asked . To snowden . We would have to think about it. What was the pressure on the you part of the United States to urge you not to do it, not to give a place for him to go when he was in moscow . Vice President Biden called me. Of course, we have a very friendly conversation. What was that conversation like . Very, very nice. He said . For them, it is very important to put snowden to face american justice. We understand on that part. They should understand, too, that we are a sovereign country and we make our own decisions. Julian assange, that should be very clear. Perhaps i dont agree with that with what Julian Assange did, but the problem is not politics. The problem is justice. We conclude that, yes, he was right. Related to what . There was no guarantee of due process. For this, we gave asylum to Julian Assange. Because you thought that they were going to extradite him to a system that was not due process. Remember, some people from the United States are asking to utilize him according to laws that included the Death Penalty. Do you remember that . Yes, of course. We do not have the Death Penalty and our country. And according to the Latin American Federation of human rights you thought the process was not there so you granted him asylum. And what if he wants to comes to ecuador . He will be welcome. Why doesnt he come . He can stay as long as necessary in our embassy. And edward snowden, if he requests asylum, he will be able to get a passport . We shall analyze that request. American foreignpolicy, what is your opinion of american foreignpolicy . Ok, i respect a lot the United States. I do not like to comment about policies of other countries. But in this case, foreign policies involve us. So i can tell you, usually american foreignpolicy towers latin america. That is wrong. I think you need to know us more closely in a better way. That seems easy to accomplish. Yes, but it is necessary political willingness. But the United States has good relationships with the government of brazil, the government of mexico yes, with some governments. Sometimes very questionable governments. They are considered allies of the United States. Everything is fine. With other governments, like the peruvian government right now, they consider that these governments are not good allies of the United States. Everything is wrong. Everything is bad. I think that has been proved. So the United States government and the state department say we appreciate the people of ecuadors right to elect the Political Leadership that they want. We appreciate an effort regardless of political philosophy to eradicate poverty, to provide broader education, raise the level of health care, and be a good neighbor. And we realize, the United States might say, that the relationship between the United States and latin america has had significant reasons for the people to question the United Statess interest in latin america. Was it simply for their own gain . Lots of americans have made the argument that our relationship with latin america has in several instances involved too much effort to change governments. I know, but stay with me. The record is also come invasion, coup detat. But that is not true of the obama administration. At the same time, they might say to you, what are we to think because the people you are closest to, hugo chavez, cuba, are people who have made it part of their philosophy to consistently attack the United States. And in cases to deny the human rights of some of their own people. That is kind of a nine because not your question. This kind of situation, why . I expressed myself in the wrong way. I didnt want to say that. I meant the situation. Because why . For instance, the double standard. The double standard of government and sometimes the politician in the state. For instance am a sometimes they criticize cuba and venezuela but they are Close Friends of the saudi arabia. Can you tell me that saudi arabia has democracy, they are free, etc. . At least you can find here a double standard. Your point is well taken. We do have good relationships with countries who do not necessarily, you know, believe in democracy as we perceive it. You do believe in democracy as we perceive it. Yes. Clearly, we have relationships with governments won over and over by the government but the venezuelan elite is not happy with this of the government must be overthrew. That is very questionable. Secondly, charlie, i admire a lot the United States. Without any doubt, it is the most powerful country in human history. One of the most successful in human history. But i think there is a little problem. You have very important values but i think your values must be universal values and there is a mistake. We have different values. But that is an interesting point as philosophy. And you as an academic are better prepared to talk about this than me. But the values that we must tend to be the then our values that the world believes in, having to do with democracy. It is not our definition of democracy. Who is the world . The United States . They have had those values at the core, freedom of expression, freedom of the respect of the individual, the question of human rights. Or they have made a strong effort to go and this government is imperfect and the president will be the first one to tell you. But they also believe in free markets. We have friends that dont necessarily believe in free markets. Subsidize the cultural sector in the free market. Yes. Oh, come on. [laughter] but tell me how you feel about free markets. You said a lot of interesting things. Let me comment about some of them. Everybody agrees with these kinds of values. But remember, for instance, during the french revolution, in the name of liberty, heads were cut. So you should be very careful because everybody goes to talk about free speech, free press, freedom, liberty of action, etc. So we have different institutions according to different principles, different values. That doesnt mean that here, in the United States, youre respecting human rights and that we in our country are not respecting human rights. What about free markets . We believe in societies with markets. But not societies overruled by markets and that is a difference. I think one of the most important problems in the present time is that markets are controlling everything. We believe in societies with market but society must govern the markets. When you look at the chinese experience of development, what do you think . Are you admiring of it and how they have changed . I think every country must look for the best solution for their problems. And china had huge problems. You can remember the hungry people in china. More people have been taken at a party in china because of the large numbers of people than in any time in the history of this civilization. We are saying exactly the same. Who is saying the opposite . But market is a very terrible master so society must control this market. You think in the United States the market is the master . Yes, this is the problem. Market controlling society. Capital controlling human beings. Why the United States has been so successful . Because the system allowed, in order to generate technological advances, that improve the life of everybody. But you have a problem of who has the control of the society, who has the power. Who is in charge . With all due respect. With all due respect, i differ on that. But why do you think and this is a conversation to understand you. You know, 1 of the American People controls more than one third of the National Wealth . Yes, i understand. And 10 of the wealthiest people control 75 of the National Wealth . I do understand that. But let me just ask this. Why do so many people want to come to the United States . What is it about American Values and the American Experience that you so disagree with because they want to come here to work, to have the freedom to do the kinds of things they want, to get an education they want . There is a reason for that and you seem to be saying that this is a bad society because the market controls everything and capitalism is bad. Yet people around the world want to come here. And they dont look at this country as a bad place. Im sorry because i gave you the wrong impression. I did not make myself clear. I admire a lot the United States. Is a wonderful country but you have a problem. Everything is function of big capital and the market. You did not feel this problem before because of technological advances. With the crisis, when you have a scarcity of resources coming start feeling it. Middleclass families havent recovered the level of income before crisis. The bankers, etc. , have record profits. That is a problem. Clearly, that is a fact. There is a Financial Sector that has regained after being in a very bad place in 2008, has regained its profitability. I respect a lot every country and i admire a lot the United States. I criticize a little bit the Foreign Policy and the double standard sometimes in foreign relations. Environmental issues, there was a group called pacama, is that right . What was your problem with than . My personal problem . Nothing. But they broke the law. You know, they called to demonstration against well, we call that all around, in order to do [speaking spanish], in order to explore the southern part of our country for oil. Well, they have all the rights to do demonstrations, to protest, etc. But they attacked people and they have to be responsible for these attacks. I like people who like me. I assume you feel the same way. But i hear about an good or where on ecuador where, with all due respect, if they oppose you, you will shut it down and declare it illegal. I came from academia. I am used to having different criteria and different arguments, etc. But we want to condemn violence. During these demonstrations, there was violence. And you expelled the u. S. Ambassador. Well, come on. Come on. Did you read the weeklies that this lady sent to the American Government . And when we asked her to explain what she sent these untrue information, she answered, well, i dont care. I dont have to give you any information. We had to expel her. Its important. We dont want to do things like that. But we will make respect our country, to respect our country. How is your Political Party doing . About what . In most recent elections, in the mayor level . We won the last election. We obtained the major quantity of votes. We won most principalities. But in soccer terms, we are used to winning 50. 50 is pretty good. You are used to winning all elections. We won 32. There were cities who oppose you and your party. No, these are not ideological elections. People vote for the person. In section elections, they are not ideological elections. Do you want to see ecuador take on a larger regional role in latin america . Chavez is gone. Fidel is old. Raul is talking about changing cuba, changing it to a more market economy. We saw the embargo. That will be faster. Indeed. We are not interested on being more to have leadership in the regional labor, nothing at all. We have enough work inside our country trying to improve the standard of living of our people. But we will be where . Where it counts. Our Patria Grande as we call it in spanish, in latin america. It has needs of us. We can serve. Are you optimistic about the relationship with the United States . I am or dont care . I am naturally optimistic and i would like to improve the relation with any country in the world, especially the United States which has been in very close concert to ecuador. How long will you be president . Usually come until 2017. The new constitution was better than the old constitution because it accomplished what . A lot of things. The former constitution was a neoliberal constitution, even to the power groups, economic groups, financial groups. A lot of advantages. So the new constitution guarantee a lot of rights for our people. There are many people today who argue that canada, the United States, and latin america ought to have better trade, better economic relationships, new development. That that could make this a remarkably productive time. For everything in this hemisphere. You disagree with that . Yes because you disagree with that because what . I know the history of development. You know who created the modern protection and protectionism . Alexander hamilton in the United States. The United States always oppose freemarket because he didnt have enough technological progress, etc. Once he got all this and he did the most efficient economy in the world, well, now he preaches a freemarket. But if that were true, well, now mexico would be a developed country. A mode for almost 20 years of free market with United States and canada and that is not true at all. Why do most people look at mexico and think it is now the best and most effective economy in all of latin america . Mexico . Who has a better economy than mexico in latin america . Ecuador. According to the Economic Commission of latin america for the united nations, ecuador is the leader in releasing inequality in the region, one of the three countries reducing poverty. So if i were to say to you or would you say to me, if you want to see the future of what government can do, come to ecuador . Well, no, we have done a lot of mistakes. But at least our people know very well that they have power. That we are acting in order to serve them. That now ecuador is a sovereign country. And our state is a popular state. In order to serve, i assist the majority of people. Now that you came from academia, finance minister and then elected to change the constitution, part of what Rafael Correa wants to say is we will create a model for the world in terms of what government can do. Is that part of your aspirations . We think that. We can contribute to have a better world, you know . I think the world order is not unjust, unfair. It is immoral, double standards everywhere, etc. Always everything in function of the stronger. So we can contribute from a Little Country like ecuador to have a better world. That would be wonderful. Thank you for coming. Thank you, charlie. It is a pleasure to know you. Arianna huffington is here. President and editorinchief of the huntington post. Her new book is thrive the third metric to redefining success and creating a life of wellbeing, wisdom, and wonder. So why do we need this subtitle . Because the key to this book is redefining success. What is the entry point for thriving . For me, it was after my wake up call when i collapsed. Hit your head on the way down . Right, broke my cheek down, got four stitches in my right eye, and as i was lying in a pool of blood and going from waiting room to waiting room, i was asking these questions. What is success . So the conventional to measures to give you measures of success, money and power. I thought you wrote it for me and you read it for yourself. I wrote it for you, too. Innocence, how do you make sure that you are taking care of yourself . It is not defining success. Success comes in many forms for people. It has to do with their own appetite and what it is that satisfies them. It can be art. It can be money. It can be athletics. It can be women. It can be whatever. But it can be what you find, as you say, a life of wellbeing and wonder. Your guest on your show, january 28, it was just as i handed over my manuscript. And he said something which defines what i am saying. He said that the reason why he wanted to do king leer is that he has the same concern for himself. People are searching for the metaphorical crown. Whether it is your job, your fortune, your sex appeal, whatever it is. That is what i am saying. If we define ourselves in terms of our jobs, whatever magnificent come in terms of success, however great, we are shrinking down to something that is not going to be fulfilling. And that is where the third metric is. So you have to define success in a different way. First of all, taking care of ourselves. This is a conversation and i have been having for a while. How do you take care of yourself so you dont collapse . So you have energy . So that you are fully experiencing all the wonder of life . Exactly. You dont like going through life being tired. Exactly. And as im going through this book tour, cant you how many people coming up to me saying i dont remember the last time i was inside wasnt tired. And i feel so sorry because it does not have to be this way. Unfortunately, we are living under the collective delusion that it has to be this way. We constantly admire people who are working 24 7. They pay a very heavy price. The price we are paying is getting higher and higher, especially for women. Because we internalize stress differently and women and stressful jobs have a 40 greater thread of Heart Disease and diabetes. Stress is internalized more by women. And now the science is unequivocal. You have done so many great shows on the science of the brain. Right. And i quote Richard Davidson from the university of wisconsin who worked with tibetan monks to identify the passivity of the brain and how meditation and slowing down to renew ourselves actually slows down the thinning of the prefrontal cortex that is linked to alzheimer, linked to aging generally. So here is what is so new and why i wanted to write the book this time. It is not just about my personal journey. Its about the fact that, for the first time, we have the size to validate what ancient wisdom has been telling us. Which is that life is shaped from the inside out. But you have always been in search of a range of things. You have had this curiosity. Apart from the drive that you have or maybe it is connected to it, a curiosity for people, a curiosity for allowing yourself to go out and experiment and to feel and to see if this is something that has all it is said to have. Absolutely. I have always said that and i have always been interested in spiritual aspects of life. The difference is moving from appreciating this conversation, exploring it to actually making changes in ones life. But changing habit is hard. So how does this book tell us how to change habits . That is why, at the end of each section, the wellbeing section has three little steps that we can take. The same for wonder and giving because i really believe that just making microscopic and little changes in our lives, we bring such enormous rewards and then we can magnify the changes. Let me give you an example from the giving section. From the university of your homestead, north carolina, there some Amazing Research done around our genes wire us towards giving. So that when we are actually giving, the happiness that come from giving as opposed to more and headon it pursuits, all of the markers in our body that predispose us to disease go down. All the inflammation markers, etc. When our pleasure is based more on self gratification, they go up. This has just been discovered recently. And most people know that sugar is bad for you, that obesity is bad for you, that you not getting enough sleep is bad for you. We now know it more than ever. But men especially still wear sleep deprivation like a fertility symbol. You see that again and again. Margaret thatcher used to say [indiscernible] whereas churchill took pleasure on how many naps to take. And clinton, i qutoe him in the book. He said that the biggest mistakes i made when i was tired. He did not say which ones. [laughter] you see so many leaders in politics and media who are making terrible mistakes. It is not that they are not smart but they are not wise. Charlie, i know you and i are both fascinated by modern technology and what the tech world is doing. But we need to reevaluate our relationship with our devices. I totally agree with that. We are basically becoming their slaves. Look at the attention that we are paid to making sure that devices are fully charged. We have little recharging shrines everywhere in our offices and our homes. We have portable charges. We get the alert, 20 battery remaining. We do not do anything like that with ourselves. We have to wait until we collapse in some form or another before we actually take steps. So i want to stop this wakeup call. I want people to make these changes before the wake up call. From my mother for my mother elie. What did she say to you and how she added to your life and how she was a model that inspired you to believe that you could do anything . She is absolutely the foundation of my life. We grew up in a oneroom apartment in athens. We had no money. My father was a serial philanderer so they separated. She had an incredible sense of values. She didnt really care about anything material. She cared about our education. So she borrowed. She did anything. She was a housekeeper to make money to allow my sister and i to go to college. I had a journey. I saw a picture of cambridge and i want to go there. Everybody said, dont be ridiculous, you dont even speak english. Even though she never got a degree, she loved studying philosophy. So your mother was part of the reason you got to cambridge. Totally. My thought was you always had this indomitable will and whatever you wanted, you would apply whatever energy, intelligence that was necessary to get it. You would leave no stone unturned. You would know everybody. And you would find an avenue to get to cambridge, to head of the cambridge debating union. All of that. You had the will to come to new york and plant your flag in new york city because you wish to that. And all the prominent people in new york who were of a congressman and achievement and, not to be disrespected for that, all the people in a sense would come within your orbit. There is some gene in you and you will say it was just my mother. It is never just anything. It is a mixture of things. But my mother always made me feel that, if i always tried something and did not succeed it did not matter. She never worried about failure. That is an important gift to give to children. The other thing though, when you view my life, when i look back and i write a lot about that in the book the best thing that happened to me i did not plan. I did not make cap and. That is important i did not make happen. That is important for us to remember. When i became a writer by accident, a british publisher saw me in a debate. Not to be defined by any particular thing or being willing to take risks is key. The way you did when you gave up the fox job because you did not want to interview starlets in hollywood. You had no other choices. No, i went back to my farm to rethink my life. And you give up a big salary. When we take risks, we define ourselves rather than define what our culture and our Society Considers success. I was at a memorial recently. Listening to a eulogy makes you realize how eulogies are not regimens. You never had anybody be eulogized because they increase market share. The idea that nobody ever said at their deathbed that they wish they spent more time in the office. All the things that make life worth living, i think that we try to squeeze in in between whatever we think successes. I do say this and i make this point in my own head. I have a privileged life. I have a job that i love, love, love. Well, many jobs. But i have access to all kinds of things. People like you, my friend, museums, a lot of things. There are people who are every bit and more goodness in their heart and soul who are single mothers trying to get their kids through school in a tough neighborhood who have no time to enjoy all the things that we are saying they ought to enjoy. And that they want innocents to do for their daughter what your mom wanted to do for her daughter. That their daughter would have a better life than they did and they have little time. So i never want to be in a position of saying, you know, you have to do all of these things for the betterment of your own Beautiful Life and not lose sight of people, really a lot of people who dont have that luxury. But that luxury. But that is why everything i say is for everyone. There is an entire section for extreme circumstances. Yet what Victor Franco wrote was that the one ultimate freedom that no one can take away from us is the freedom to choose our own attitude. Whether we are struggling to put food on the table or whether we are at the top of the world, we can choose an attitude and we can choose really how to react to what is happening to us which is the whole stoic philosophy of marcus aurelius. Putting everything in the world in perspective and at the other extreme, i quote a study from the illinois Bell Telephone where they downsized half the company and then they followed half the people that were downsized to find out what happened to them. Two thirds of them fell apart and became alcoholics. They became depressed. One third of them thrived. What was the difference . What was the difference . The difference was this resilience. How do we cultivate our own inner resources . But that is you in spades. But this is one third of people think about your own evolution of your life as you go from one arena to another arena to another arena. Think about when you decided to be governor of california. And i was and i failed. I did notice that but what was interesting about that, my appreciation of you, is that you are willing to try and willing to fail. Because you might have succeeded under different circumstances. And because i learned, even from failure. I learned a lot. And you realize that it is not going to be embarrassed and you come out of that and you start to write a blog. It becomes one of the most important online vehicles out there. Where do you get that . Is that from your mother . Is that something you develop . Is it in your genes . I think we all have it. We just have to unleash it. Yes. We all have this place of wisdom, strength, peace in us. Christianity, the bible calls a the kingdom of god is within. Give me a place to stand and i can move the world. We all have it. The question is are we giving ourselves any time . Im not talking about dedicating our whole life. Im talking about taking some of our life to connect with that. And that means disconnecting from our technology, disconnecting from our to do list. You do that for a week . Yes, we did a digital the digital detox. How was that . It was wonderful. I was on vacation with my daughter and my exhusband. I recommend coparenting. I did not take pictures for social media. I just was fully present and that is something where each what does that mean, fully present . Whatever i was doing, i was there. I was not multitasking. Multitasking is one of the great illusions of our life. The Huffington Post we are now in 11 countries. France, spain, italy, u. K. , canada, japan, south korea, and next is india and greece. The Huffington Post, what do you want, when you dream deeply, what is it you want the Huffington Post to be . Leading this conversation about these issues, how do people live healthier lives . It is a very important role. I am always looking for new things. In terms of politics and news, i have established a great place for the Huffington Post not just here but internationally. Internationally, we keep growing. But i am always looking at what is next. At the moment, i see a global shift happening where more and more people are entering this conversation. 2013 was the year when we had ceo after ceo come out as being a meditator. What is it that you do not like about yourself . I wish i had learned these lessons younger. I think i was very stubborn. I literally had to be in a pool of blood to realize that i was not leading my life in a way that was sustainable. But you have done all of these things. You were sort of new agey and did a lot of mystical things. You experimented with these things. You had an opportunity to be aware of this before you injured yourself. That is so true. I definitely had exposed myself to many of these teachings and many of the philosophers who have addressed this issue. But it is different to be aware of something and to actually introduce it in your own life in a consistent way. The book is called thrive the third metric to redefining success and creating a life of wellbeing, wisdom, and wonder. Thank you. Its great to see you. Thank you. Live from pier three in san francisco, welcome to bloomberg west. Im emily chang. Yahoo has its Earnings Report out and the numbers are encouraging. Will it be enough to stop the recent slide in tech stocks . Time is running out if you want to buy google glass. Heres a check of your top headlines. There are more signs of hope for the pc business