From our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. He is a historian and professor at columbia university. His most recent project is a multimedia account of jewish history. It includes the pbs documentary series and two books. Here is a look at the opening of the series. This is a jew. And so is this. This is a jew. And this. And this. So my so am i. What do we have in common . Skin. E color of our not the languages we speak. Saying. S we we sing. The food we eat. Not our opinions. We are a fiercely argumentative lot. Not even the way we pray, assuming we do. What ties us together is a story , a story kept in our heads and hearts, a story of suffering and resilience. Creativity. It is the story that made me want to be an historian in the first place. I understood when i was quite small that there were two special things about the jews that we had endured for over 3000 years despite everything that had been thrown at us and that we had an extraordinarily dramatic story to tell. Somehow, these two things were connected, that we told our story to survive. We are our story. Is this a story you were made to tell . It is a story i could not help but tell. I was born in 1945, charlie. Bleake came out of those soup years, there were two histories that had been pulverized. One was english history and the other was jewish history. They were down, but they were not out for the count. My father, who was equally passionate lover of British Literature and history and an theydox jew, also thought were connected and there was something about owning a history that would sustain you when you were bond when you lost territory, when you were threatened with annihilation. Somehow, if those words actually inventedand the jews the possibility of a story as life felt, life would go on. Jewish history, if you are wordsmith, is the ultimate history. Some cultures with the greeks have been remembered if there never been used to these we do not know what the first temple looks like. They would have disappeared without their words. Momentas probably some that we cannot determine historically around the eighth century bc when the notion of the portable word, your identity would not be around to king. There was no king until there were saul. The Promised Land was an idea as much as it was territory, but was not the point. Someone had the idea that the book itself was away to establish you you were. It would lay down rules for living and it would give you a story. Some moment, there was a very clever scribe somewhere. What it means to be american is the constitution. It is exactly so. America is different. What makes it different from all other states is it is built around an idea. It is built around democracy. It is not built around a particular language. It is not built around the usual markers of who you are. History is that once particular and universal. Those rules, the 10 are addressed to the children of israel, to the jews who become their custodians. Aunt tells abraham god tells these precepts also have universal application. Do not kill, do not steal and all the rest of it. To read thatis, out of the bible would be fashionably perverse to say the choice but it comes with a huge burden. A man sits down next to a woman and she has the biggest rock on the world on her finger and he it isexcuse me, wonderful, but it comes the terrible burden. Plotnick. His relationship with a jew. The most intense version known to Human History of adversities endured by other people as well of a culture resisting its annihilation of remaking homes and habitats, writing the prose and poetry of life through a succession of uprooting and assaults. That is a no other reason. Another reason. I did not want to put that right at the beginning. Out, in my view, but apart from the slow death of the planet, the most important problem we have cultures up opposing and different beliefs attempting to share the same space without the obligation to exterminate each other. When i was a kid, one thought the kind of visceral religious activism was a thing of the path. The horror of world war ii and the holocaust was going to make that redundant. Be open theto newspaper, ukrainians, russians, shiites, that turns out not to be peripheral, but actually central to the way the human species behaves in the world. , we are a kind of refugees and fugitives. Those terrible pictures in syria, who would imagine that at the era of we are the uprooted. The jews are not the only uprooted, but we have lived that most extremely, most relentlessly and somehow got through it. How did it shape . My predecessor always complain that she was history that she was history that jewish history, that was not the whole story. We are not a smiley face history, but nor is it all about calamity and misery. I kept colliding with misery and tragedy. In a spectacular eliminations in the bible and in , when you have a sense that you have to be a suitcase ready people, you do not assume the worst, but youd better be a pair be prepared for it. When that happens, you tend to bite on life harder and deeper and with more relish. That is why homeland becomes more crucial. The homeland issue is genuinely tragic. History thanish you would imagine is about heroism of ordinary life, families and weddings and jokes. It is true to say that any particular circumstances, in europe,and in central the victim game, nobody is going to take our olympic gold away from us. I do not want to be victims of bullies, but we were the most abandoned people. Book. A next ordinary the United States all but closes the momento jews at of greatest extremity. The british do the same. Pretty much everyone does the and theept shanghai dominican republic. At that point, the homeland is really a life raft. ,he competing instincts paranoia and life celebration, that stores the broth of what it means to be jewish. You are skeptical you could write a history of the jews. I still am. You do not know that you have done in . I am sure that i have not done it. You make brutal decisions about what story you can tell in our and in five hours. You will not find much of a history of the great chain of urban ache thoughts. This began as a film project or a bird book project . Me, the bbc saying youre the only person who could have done this. I am sure that is not true, charlie. Bbc,i did think was the with its grand and courageous institutions, sometimes like pbs does not want to run into a storm of trouble. Projectthink of any which is more likely to cause trouble. I was struck by its cattiness of wanting to do it gutsiness of wanting to do it. There is a chasm of ignorance and misunderstandings about jewish history in europe. She was history jewish history is that primarily of israelpalestine or the holocaust. Israelpalestine makes people put your brass knuckles on. Holocaust makes people think they are treading on egg shells of the bones of those lying in auschwitz. Here is an opportunity to try and say, here is a story, come on in. You are welcome to this. It has lots of celebration, lots of music from a lot of grief got a lot of color. We have more than 3 Million People watched the first episode. In britain, where we have quarter of a million jews. 250,000 . Yes. Why the dates . Is theppose the reason first archaeology, it is a recent dig where the david and goliath showdown is set. That has been next ordinary because there is a 45 fortified settlement on the hills of judea which was part of a larger estate. Jerusalem was not full of davidian palaces. There was something going on, which now has found a document in archaeology. That was around the 11th century. Beautiful,which is was full of all of its oliv e pit. It is carbon dated. Because it is a term expulsion ofl, the the jews from spain. You do not want to compare it to what happened in the 1930s. He saidalamities it is incredibly traumatic. What happened in germany was the end of a prospering flourishing creative community. What happened in spain is an creativefor genuine intercultural world. Even the world of jews and christians spain, some of the most miraculous architecture and poetry is written. That is destroyed. Annihilated by the expulsion of the jews from spain in 1492. A narrative the play directly to one of his greatest strengths. He has always had a genius to myths. Te the mass myths. Fond of you have to enter the dark forest, even though it feels very un jewish. We have around myths in judaism as well. Tell me what this is. Painting in wall syria. A place we could not get to film because we were inconvenienced by the civil war. What you are looking that at is baby moses as a new grandpa and he is being held by sarahs daughter in a wet tshirt. Iriam and babyy moses his sister and mother looking on. Most jews still believe that synagogues are not allowed to have any images in them because of the second commandment. The fact is that all early synagogues are festooned and images. Whenwe have the time christian icons are just starting, we have a jewish icon in one of the earliest synagogues we know about. Slide is the jews being beaten out of england. This is not clearly a jewish image. Look at the pleasure the man with the club is getting from smashing it down on the heads of jews. There are things i wish there is a moment when there are hundreds gather a set up over london all with jews swinging. This is a twin story of archaeology. Of word and image. They played together. We talk about orderable writing. Portable writing. The jews invented tiny hebrew writing which forms pictures. It is quite extraordinary because at the same time words and at the same time animals. The deepense, relationship between words and picture is very important. Thank you. Year this year, pope francis became the head of the catholic church. We have come to expect from this pope. Francechbishop of new york is better than most and was part of the college that elected him. Im here to have him on this anniversary. You were one of those who selected . As youve said to me, you knew what you are getting, but even then, you were surprised what you got. You quoted me right. We are not surprised of the substance of theas youve said w what you are getting, but even then, you were surprised what you got. Pontificate. I think we are surprised at how quickly and efficiently he began to implement his own agenda. We are pleasantly and gratefully surprised. I never knew this, i was a rookie. Almost as important as the important isost as what we call the congregations which meet 10 days ahead of time. And that is almost like the New Hampshire primary. Of stuff we talked about, it was very clear. He is doing a lot of stuff that we have suggested and we will often refer to that congregation. Tell me what you cardinals wanted in a pope. You want a holy man, a sincere man, you want a man who mirrors jesus christ. That would be true. What we really wanted this time was a man who had a good track record of management, governance, administration. He had run one of the largest and most diverse diocese in the world. We wanted a man of simplicity and sincerity. We wanted a man who was a proat presenting the timeless truths of the faith and a sparkling new way. That is what we were looking for and that was the job description. That is a tall order. I think the year later, i think we say bingo. How has it changed the church . He has changed the persona of the church. I have been invited to your show before. Also the time when there is a crisis. Most of the time when there is a crisis. There is a controversy going on but the vatican said this. Thank you does invitations. You are inviting me because the world seems to be captivated by this guy. The church seems to have gotten its luster back. We wanted a guy who could restore the luster, the poetry, the mystery of the church in a beautifully simple and sincere way. Looks he seems to have reminded people he seems to have reminded people what the message of jesus was. The interest the interview he gave. I am no superman. One of his frustrations might be that his basic message, 95 of everything he says, is jesus christ. That is his message. People seem to be caught up on the fact that he does not live in the palaces, he wears black adidas, he pays his own hotel bills. He is saying, i wonder why they are fast and with this. I hope they pay as much attention to what i am saying as they do to some of the superficialities. He has to do itg philosophically. What he is reminding, this is not a career. We are not ambition, we are not about power. We are about service. He is also have to change it structurally. Is the appointment of the cardinal of secretary of state, who is widely respected as a man with immense pastoral skills, a sense of humility and service. The second was the appointment of Cardinal George pell, the australian rugby player. Money underet this control. This is giving the church a bad name. Has appointed a nononsense streetfighter, rugby player. You will ask the right questions and clean it up. Those are two indications that reform is important. We talk a lot about crisis in the church. It had to do with predator where is he and what does he intend to do . It would not surprise you that the american Cardinals Office talk about getting beat up. Talk about a church that has suffered. A church that has suffered immensely because of this. We have some credibility in the Church Universal. The americans are making a lot of progress. He takes it with the best the utmost seriousness. If we are going to be sincere, if were going to be truthful to the gospel, what you are talking about is virtue and responsibility, openness and honesty, integrity. These are the things we need to make sure isnt place so that is inor to make sure place so this horror does not happen. He will bring people together. He just set up a 15 Member Commission to exercise some vigilance over finances. He asked Cardinal Sean omalley, would you set up a group to make sure the Church Universal is in this . With you are doing a pretty good job in the United States. I am worried that it will spread to other countries. He takes it very seriously. Issues likesial abortion, divorce, women in the church. He concern himself with those issues . Where is he on those issues . There is a bit of a change. There is a bit of a change in approach. He concern himself with those issues . Thatord used to be catholics should not even talk about these things. Benedict all and pope have said no more discussion on those things. Ity did not say that, but was the perception. This pope seems to say, you can talk about it all you want. I need to listen. Iowa to you to give you a i owe it to you to give you a good hearing. I want to talk about that, but we also have to talk about other things. If we say,tegy is controversial issues, lets put aside. Lets first extend the arms of the church and bring people land. Once they get in and see the truth, goodness, and beauty of the church, they will see the consequences of their beliefs. Those other issues might fall into place. If we lead with those controversial issues, people will not come in to begin with. If we lead with a person of jesus christ, we will get people land and gradually the transforming grace of the teaching will take over. That is his new strategy. Looks he is uniting the church internally . X yes, i think so. Really. Ly annexed internally and extra only. Externally. I cannot walk down the street without the guy saying we love this new pope. Internally, could be some problems because the church, like any other organization, does have factions and divisions. He is uniting them by the power of his sincerity and simplicity. What is his biggest challenge . To restore the credibility of the church. The essence of our faith is that jesus christ is alive in his church. Jesus and his church are one. Most of our people, they except jesus christ, but they have troubles with the church. For us as catholics, that bothers us because the wisdom of the church is that jesus is alive within his church. Challenge for pope francis is to restore that luster, that magnetism. Cardinal dolan, thank you. One of the worlds most renowned and innovative chefs. You revolutionize the concept of eating with his restaurant. He closed it in 2011 to start a new foundation. The people around here create things. It seems everyone is able to explore the limits of creativity and imagination. It looks like a traditional all olive. It is liquid inside. It in a swimming pool. What you achieve is out of this off,d when you take it you achieve a hard consistency. There is still liquid in the inside. A good thing. This was nothing here will be what it seems. This is liquid inside. Is. Is on ones guard menu is about as close to art as food ever gets. His sketches were shown at the drawing center in new york and has a new book. Recipes. Es over 750 here is a glimpse of those dishes from his recent film. I am pleased to have him back at this table. I am glad to have his interpreter as well. Good to see you, my friend. This man invited me to come to for the last meal. I could not come. When he opens up the foundation, you will be able to, and he will be waiting for you. What is the foundation . Project whose slogan is feeding creativity. We want to help society, motivating people to create, using cooking as a tool. It is made up of three projects. 1846, dna. It is difficult to explain because there is no frame of reference for it. Lab ofd be a media gastronomy that you could visit. A small child could understand what the creative processes. Team, the creative everything they create will be spread on the internet. It is a reflection on information and knowledge in a world where the internet has changed all the rules. What is the information we have to learn . What knowledge do we have to have . In this case, cooking. You are one part chef, one part scientist, one part artist. How did you become that way . I am just a neighborhood kid. I did not go to university. I had the good luck to be with marvelous people, for example now. It would not be logical. The only thing i have done is learned, observe and ask the why of things. Why, why, why . From this point, i was talk about you in europe. With charlierviews rose, he has done the best interviews. End. Is what life is in the sometimes you get answers and sometimes not. Answers to what . Sometimes you get answers . Foremost, life. The hardest thing there is the stupid up in the morning look in the mirror and to be happy the hardest thing to do in the morning is to look in the mirror and to be happy. Everybody wants this, of course. Everybody looks for this. I have achieved this. In 30 years, i get up in the morning very early and i work 16 hours doing what i love. I go to sleep and i am happy. Why . I have passion for what i am doing. I like challenges. But i always believe i will not reach. But i fight to achieve them. In the end, that is a life is, the struggle to reach a challenge. Relative to cooking, which is a wonderful discipline, it took us millions of years. Our brains got bigger and that is how we are what we are today. What happened . Over 2 million years in relation to cooking, there are a few things that we were able to make. We did not have the intelligence to create a lot of things. That is magical. When you look at cooking and between onship, among the first creativity was cooking. We will be asking ourselves these questions. Think of the number one chefs in the world. You had a restaurant that people beg to come to. Reservations took many months. You gave that up, you close the door because you said you wanted to create a legacy for the next generation. Restaurant. It as a i have been a consultant and a consultant of 25 or 30 companies. Now i am a world ambassador. It is a facet that few people know about me. I have learned how difficult it , the have longevity creative longevity. If you anticipate what is going to happen. Ahead because we can look and see that maybe in five years, we would decline. A creative decline. We had to create a chaos, a big chaos so that that would not happen. And i am veryold good friends with the Vice President of m. I. T. And he was what is going to happen with all of this . What will happen with the legacy . The restaurant is ephemeral. We started constructing the foundation. Strange space. The restaurant opens or closes, it does not get transformed. This is what is amazing. We are constructing every day the story. We have done for five el bulli. S on there will be on an exhibition on the creative process. It has never been done before. The concept of the creative audit. These books are based on that. The creative world, you have to have these things. You cannot just say i am creative now leave me alone. When you put money down in a center, you have to have a result. People say you are a chef. Yes, but youre involved with very big companies. You have a global vision. What do we have in the restaurant world . Immediacy. When you go to ask for coffee, you want it right away. If you apply this to the creative process, it is crazy. Efficiency is 10 times, this is what we share. We want to share in the foundation. People will come from other disciplines, from any discipline , and we will compare and share the creative process. Is it better to work in the morning or the evening . Do you have scenes with wine, 3, 5 people . How do you make of the team . How do you teach them mental strength . How does the Creative Spaces have to be . All of my experience, we want to share it. , our mutualng friend we had a meal together. He says this is an inspiration constantly and continually question the status quo. I did not like too much about what it meant. Now that it has closed, i am a little more free to think about what i thought about the place. The idea of ego on my part, it is already covered. Otherwise, it wouldve been called the audria foundation. I was created by a lot of people. People like david chang, even though he did not work there. We were making cuisine evolved. When you look at all of the people that have passed through, that they are the most influential cooks in the world, you knew Something Special was going on there. The ethics, honesty, the sharing , liberty, freedom, risk compassion risk, passion. It is the dream that you could have it, that the whole team would have this. This is created by all of the people who passed through. That haveung chefs this philosophy, not so much the dishes themselves, but the philosophy. These are images that are in the seven books. Analysis 20052011. Take a look at this. This is 2005. We started to understand and do solid cocktails. Fashion now. The cocktail world has been revolutionized. Dish 2. Next one is this one is magic. It is a green almond. You would cover it like a vegetable and you would make a juice. No one had done it before. Dish 3. A desert created by his brother. The concept is nature. It is one of the most imitated styles in the world in the pastry world. Dish 4. This is also incredible. They are roses. You can eat these roses. People were, like, roses . As if it was a vegetable. What is an artichoke . It is a flower. And roses are, too. We treat it like a vegetable, we treat it like a vegetable here, it was magical. The first time in the history that they did this. Evolution 1. Linary wended cooking start . When did cooking start . Archaeologists, anthropologists, we were studying it. Youhed the conclusion have earthen ware. You can boil things, fry things, choose things. If we did not have these tools, we have agricultural. You have livestock, ranching, milk, and derivatives. You have commerce and trade, People Exchange products, and we stop being nomads and become sedentary. Eat. E you could that is a theory, it is very path ofand it marks the the studies to the future. Culinary evolution 2. To get this theory set up, there is no photo to explain it. Half a million years ago. How can i visualize it . When i would imagine eating fruit. , i get upthe morning at 7 00 in the morning. It was a story i would imagine in my mind. Exposition that we did at the drawing center and now it is going to los angeles in may. The next one is culinary evolution 3. A reflection how many were that give fruits there in the origin question mark maybe there were five. In the origin . Maybe there were five. Think. De me ago, there were very few vegetables and fruits. Mixed in awas way,ed genetics in a slow but a plum, for example, is a mix. A nectarine is a mix of a peach and a plum. , imagined how it was evolving the whole vegetable world and fruit world. Friend. Friend, my ina very important figure the world of cooking and cuisine. He has brought the scientific. Ethod and way of working i learned so much from him. It is a luxury, an incredible luxury that nathan is working on this. We have to thank him so much. He is the most intelligent person i have known in my life and i have known a lot of people. You know him. This is an example of how smart he is, he has not started a restaurant. That is the interesting part. And he takes beautiful photographs. Microsoft. Made technologist chief at microsoft. You. Is what he said about i think he had an amazing contribution to 21st century. Molecular cooking . Pioneering his own style and bringing spanish gastronomy up to the highest level. Ferran in 1983 comes to work as a bus boy in the restaurant of a miniature golf course. A seaside bar and grill with a minor miniature golf course. This is not a very propitious start to change the world. He taught himself. He kept innovating and innovating, wanting to emulate the great masters in france. He emulates them and then blows right past, creating his own dynamic and unusual cuisine. Him. Am fortunate to have he has made reflections that have enriched us greatly. There is a great revolution in the world of cuisine. Yesterday i was talking to a journalist, theyre worried because chefs are starting to think. [laughter] of course we have to think. It is not to become philosophers. It is an idea of if we are cooking, we have to understand what we are doing. Someone like nathan, he shows us the way. And so do you. Thank you for coming. Thank you very much. This is taking stock for wednesday, march 19, 2014. I am pimm fox. Todays theme is fresh. Bombas has a fresh take on an old practice. They engineers stocks to be better. Oh, ok. We will give you the details. The cofounders will tell me the reason behind that particular mantra