From our studios in new york, this is charlie rose. The Behavior Treatment Program we have here is based on extension. Extinction is a process by which people can get over their fears. 40 Million People suffer from an anxiety disorder. It affects everyone from Charles Darwin and Emily Dickinson to barbra streisand. Anxiety is masked by its tendency to be misunderstood. With stossel has struggled it for most of his life. This book tells his personal story. Offers a perspective. It is called my age of anxiety. Have scottd to stossel. Thank you for having me. Here is what davids book says about you. Said scott was getting aboution for his excerpt surviving anxiety in the atlantic. Hubris does that describe you . In some ways it does. , i haveagues intensity with great to try and hide my anxiety. I thought it was shameful or admitting it would compromise my professional standing. One of the things i wrestled with, talking in the book, i wanted to explore the nature of anxiety and look at all of the possible causes that might have led to my own. Trying on different theories. Im in fact coming out as anxious after having hidden it for many years. Of many peoplere who suffer from certain kinds of any disorders. There is a gap between the outwardly projected and often to the individual suffer, a false , and the inward feeling of terror, anxiety, dread, incompetence. One of the characteristics in the book talks about how a symptom, a cause of anxiety, for those of us who suffer with it, the act of trying to conceal your anxiety from your friends, family, colleagues, actually is a symptom. It is a cause. This cathartic for you . We will see. It is interesting. I always thought i was good at concealing the anxiety. I didnt really know to what degree i had succeeded. When it started circulating around the office, i had a series of people lining up to say i had no idea, and can i give you a hug . It was nice but also uncomfortable. It may me realize i had done a better job concealing it. Wexler conclusion did you come for you in terms of how you ame, and how you be game and how you live with anxiety . I have a series of chapters where i try on theories for why this might be the case. Instance, fundamentally a normal human emotion. It is part of the human condition. Appropriately,ns it is to keep us alive. It is the flight or fight response. If youre being chased by a tiger or confronted by a member of the enemy tribe, it is in your interest to have that. Adrenaline, cortisol. But those of us who suffer from anxiety disorders, when you are in situations that are not appropriate, or disproportionate to the threat, it can feel like hijacking. Ic shaking, sweating, distress. Tingling in your fingers. In terms of what actually causes it, i spent a chapter looking at the traditional freudian idea, that it is all about your mother. Johntalk about the work of bowlby. He had a lot of compelling evidence that ones early experience with your caregiver, the nature of that relationship goes a long way to determining how secure you will feel as an adult. I read this chapter. Areas evidence from world war ii victims separated on their parents. He did this thing called she would wash he would watch kids. He developed this typology of attachment styles. People with insecure attachment styles were likely to develop anxiety. Mothers engaged in a sufficient amount of licking and grooming actually reduced the reactivity of their hpa access, and calm them down. I finished this chapter and had finished this chapter. I had an overprotective mother. I thought this is proof my mother cause my anxiety. In the next chapter, i look at Genetic Research piling up. For hundreds of studies looking at various candidate genes that contribute to this aspect of anxiety or depression. Ones view is that predisposition to heaven anxious temperament is woven into your dna. That is not determined. Overlaid can be how you experience trauma or your upbringing. But the culture is you live in. Inhabit is unique to anxiety producing. My own view, which is shared by psychologist at harvard, it is largely woven into the genes. That would be my theory based on the whole range of connections to the brain. Molecular contribution to a lot of the brain. Studiesare looking at for many years they would try people what makes people ill. Maybe it is more constructive to look at what our people who are resistant or resell you against these things, what makes them. I was fascinated. I ended there are these studies that show army rangers and navy seals go through these tests. You are subjected to all but torture. See deprivation, all of that. This one researcher can determine in advance who will pass and who will not by taking blood. If you are high in neuropeptide y, you are almost immune to developing poster manic stress disorder. Youre more likely to thrive in the situations. That said, the army has startled tested it you can learn resilience. Its interesting. Im on chapter one. You quote sigmund freud. The most various important questions comverge a riddle whose solution is bound to throw a flood of light on our mental existence. This is what you start with. I thought, wow. Downng for my wife to come the aisle to marry me, i started to fail horribly ill. Not just a big queasiness, but not as you did and shaking. Most of all, sweaty. The church was hot. Y people were for spying perspiring. Not like i am. Photos, you can see me standing tensely at the altar, a grim smile on my face. I watch my finance fiance come down the aisle on the arm of her father. By the time she joins me in the front of the church, sweat is running into my eyes and dripping down my collar. That is anxiety. A great moment in your life. Nothing to worry about. There shouldnt have anything to worry about. This is what happens. You get hijacked. Present in the moment. Ive been excited about the wedding. Thrilled marrying my wife. Here she comes, and by the time she gets to the altar im not only sweating profusely, my best men is handing me handkerchiefs, i have begun to shape. She is trying to hold me up. I can see the nature of anxious thinking. This canopy of thoughts. Im sweating, nauseas, afraid im going to fall. I am looking at them. Theyre looking at me with growing alarm. I think, they think im going to pass out. This is going to prove im not worthy of marrying my wife. The minister can see that i have this flop sweat on me. We are halfway to the ceremony. He mouths to me, are you equate . I was not at all ok. I would have been mortified if we called up the proceedings. I muscled through it. My wife was physically holding me up. I survived. I am consumed for the next three days of this despair. Epic moments in your life. I was not present or able to focus. This is a signature of anxiety. On the taskocusing at hand, you turn in words you turn inward. How many years ago . That was 14 years ago. 14 years later, how are you different . Saying, in some fundamental way i am not different. , i talk about my greatgrandfather, who was dean of Harvard College in the 1940s. To all outward appearances, he was an extremely effective administrator and professor. In his 40s or 50s he had mental breakdowns seized by anxiety. Institutionalized multiple times. Not him. , i am but, you can see when you look at families, once there are two embers of the family with. Nxiety disorders, you see it at some fundamental level im exactly the same way. A high reactive temperament. A high reactive physiology. But, having spent years in nearly 10 years researching and writing this book, i have a better understanding of only of the nero mechanics of what it is that is causing these unpleasant emotions, and some perspective. I was flying across the rockies, reading a book about narrow science anxieties. These babblings of nearer transmitters. And at thatlence, point any perspective i had is fight or flight overrides. Had it affect you . In that moment . It was terrifying. Dramamine, popping paging the Flight Attendant to bring me another scotch. That is not an adaptive way of dealing. It is a ruling and tiring to be worried about ease things all the time. Things, i other looked into the history. It was striking. I had some sense before it began to research. Not a complete understanding of what degree the most famous researchers into human psychology, seldom motivated by their own anxiety. Anxiety ofhis trains. William james suffered from panic attacks. That led him to research this. Charles darwin embarked on his journey on the beagle. By the time he got back, many thought he was afflicted by acute anxiety. It is unclear. To be focused on working on this book. Not just these famous people. You read back in the can to see galen orcrates or george john, the most prominent british physician of the 1700s. They are contending with dozens if not hundreds of patients. This is woven into the human condition. Maybe not a source for shame. Today, a stigma attached to Mental Illness has diminished. If not gone. Particularly for men. There was a striking quote i came across. Posted on gun sights during world war ii. Man him a you will have selfrespect not to allow yourself to display anxiety or show fear. Sidle a basic societal norm. To some degree i agree with that. Know aboute, we now the narrow science of this. It is not so different from diabetes. He dont judge someone as a moral failure for suffering for diabetes or parkinsons disease. Which has genetic and environmental influences. As does anxiety. How many people have come up to you because they have read this , to say me too. A at this point, over thousand. It ranges from friends and colleagues of mine. One of my colleagues said she saidd her history, and everyone is going to come up and share your secret crazy. Plenty of random people. I thought there might be some of that affect. I didnt realize. I have facebook and emails and twitter. Saying thank you. That what i no idea was feeling was something other people suffered in read that you have put into words what i have life. Eeling my entire or, my son heard you, and said right down these phobias. This is what ive been suffering. Including some celebrities. They have said they suffered from public speaking phobias or various others. I will say. A supermodel in the 1980s. I have interviewed her. Quite she was on sports illustrated. A couple weeks ago, i was looking on twitter. Followed me on twitter. She emailed and said if only you had written this book 30 years or 30 years earlier. This is helpful. If you bring to me 30 years earlier he wouldve cured me of my anxiety forever. We are actually twins emotionally. Is noeing a supermodel protection against anxiety. Where is the hope . Me, whatpe is in, for i was trying to do with this book, i thought i would have this dramatic arc, that i would try every therapy under the sun. I will come out the other end cured. What a dramatic arc that would be. Yet, i undertook the book. Year two, i am anxious. Year three, im still anxious. That is not an arc. That is a flat line. There are ways i can come to terms with this. By coming out with it, not have it be a mark of shame. Also serving to recognize there are things that present with anxiety that are adaptive. Anxiety itself is adaptive. There are these harvard psychologists who developed this theory when they looked at animals and humans and said if you look at a bell curve, and anxiety runs from here to here, and performance runs here to hear, if youre too anxious you will not perform effectively. If you are over here, you are not sufficiently anxious, your adrenaline is not pumping. Youre not engage. You will also not perform. You need the goldilocks level. It is learning to try and manage the anxiety. To have the upper and lower anxiety. There is so much head of the National Institute of mental health. Anxiety is one of the levels where the most exciting cut it cuttingedge research is. Tyingng to mind molecule to mind. The history of psychopharmacology. Drugs originally developed as rocket fuel, penicillin preservers, no one knew how they work. We are developing a better understanding of mechanisms by which those work. Furthermore, the combination of Genetic Research is starting to determine if you suffer from anxiety, they could look at my genome and say this drug is going to be more effective for you. There will be better effective treatment. I dont suffer from anxiety. Problems,rom other but not that. It is interesting in times of stress, i seem to be calm her. I dont know why that is. I begin by saying i have the tendency to falter in crucial situations. That is true. The literature shows that people who are on the anxious side of the spectrum tim tend to break down, showing that one third will break down even before you get to the front. One third is completely immune to any breakdowns. Middle, people being surprised my coming flapped. Internally it is exhausting to deal with these irrational phobia and anxiety. When confronted with a real her. Em, i am calm studiese interesting during the blitz, patients diagnosed as neurotic actually became less neurotic and felt better during the blitz. Maybe because they had Something Real to be afraid of. Maybe because they felt less a shame because everyone was as scared as they were. There may be something to that. There are moments of crisis you feel a sense of not anxiety, but your body is more alert. Theflight or flight fight or flight response. Hormones and neurotransmitters. Your blood flowing through your muscles. You can think more clearly. Your peoples your pupils widen. About people talk at are particularly Gifted Thriving under stress. You were doing a segment about the ball. Peyton manning or tom brady or russell wilson, these are people gifted. Get you are that has twogene variants. The warrior and warrior wo rrier. Gene keeps you away from jane danger. Thank you for coming. Back in a moment. Stay with us. The World Wide Web was conceived as somewhat academic saying some years ago. Its years of realization and development has seemed to be the work of the moment. As an optionalng michael event, a Virtual World of a companion planet. E. L. Doctorow is here. One of our greatest living authors. He writes about the reach of american possibility. Last year he was awarded the American Academy of arts and letters gold medal for fiction. His novel is called andrew graham. Rain. Drews b New York Times says as if he wished it wasnt so. He has no choice so. Responding to the history of one such times is the sworn duty of a character in a novel. He has placed a remarkable amount of people both real and imagined in their history. Do you agree with that question not entirely. I dont want to be ungracious. The label is not one i welcome. What is wrong with that . All novels are set in the past if you think about it. Wells is very victorian. Focusovels have a wider than include public figures and major historical events. A focus on family, personal relationships. They are all about the past. Also, my novels are set in different parts of the country. Carolina. , as well, amight geographical novelist. I just like the word novelist. Ok. Responding to the history of ones time. Im looking for the word historical novelist. Maybe i over anticipated. What you do say is that the book judges the reader somehow. Likes yes. This is not formulaic fiction. After you do this kind of work no onee, you want writing novels . What you want to do is find new ways to do it. Equivalent to writers doing that for a long time. James joyce was a beautiful writer. Realistic sense of action. He did ulysses and ended up with finnegans wake. They seem to have done all right. Virginia woolf decided she wanted write a novel without a plot. To forgo that device. She did a couple of times. Doll away isntly fiction finally satisfactory. The way this book has turned out , i do break a few rules. That pleases me. Who is andrew . Me as a figureto standing in the snow, holding an infant in his arms. In front of a door. Snow coming down on his yankee ball cap. That is the image that came to me. It was some urgency to it. I found myself writing that. I had to figure out what was going on. He is a neurosciences . A cognitive sciences. Scientist. He suffers from a fact that all his life he has been an inadvertent agent of disaster. Incident, he administered medicine, the wrong medicine. Responsiblehe was for the car crash that killed the driver. He has this trial of awful things. Feelagines he is unable to anything. It is a selfdelusion. He is very feeling. You make no distinction between real and imagined. That is correct. That is one of the roles i have broken. You do not know what he is imagining or whether he is reporting on what actually happened. There is the convention of the unreliable narrator. This really takes it to an extreme. Book does teste the reader. It judges the reader. I just think that fiction can be too comfortable. It is the most conservative of the arts. What has happened historically in music, like in the rites of spring, and art, the impressionist began. Abstractts, expressionism. There were these enormous changes. Revolutionary and evolutionary. Fiction hasnt moved that much. Postmoderne through writing. Oft is rather timid in terms finding a new way. Re responsible for that . The came along later than postmodernist. But you were a novelist. One of our great living novelist. I appreciate that. Re responsible for the quality of novels . For the ones i have written. And have been experimental enough . Have you tried to break the mold . It is a matter of personal dissatisfaction. You always want to talk what you have done in the past. That is the prime motivation. Once something is done, you cant do anything about it anymore. To have a in search conversation about neuroscience mind, andophers of show their conflict . I come with the philosophers in mind. Its a fascinating subject. An area of philosophical concern. It is the subject that is mysterious. What has happened historically, the material conception of there is no soul. The soul is a fiction. It is just the brain. The problem that creates is to figure out how the brain creates feeling, thought, wishing, longing. All these states of mind we think of consciousness. How does it happen . Nobody knows. There is a huge story about in the New York Times. It is wonderful work. If they can do things like figure out what to do about parkinsons, or alzheimers, that is terrific. That is what the motivation is. I understand. It is noble. It is necessary. Supposing we do figure out how happensn works, if that , then we can build a computer that has consciousness. This sounds like movie stuff. There are serious people in this field who believe that the radically that is possible. All theever happens, stories we have been living by our finish. The bible. Senses wethological have of ourselves are gone. Finished. That could be as disastrous as an asteroid hitting the planet. I have dealt with this scientifically at this table. Talking about consciousness. Talking about artificial intelligence. I am giving you andrews read on that. He worries about what happens. He is a bit of a hysterical. I suppose you could call it that. Intricate book. Wife, bringingst the baby up. The opening scene. His exwife isnt opera singer who has performed. Point, he calls andrew a boris wasbecause , pretending to be the right rule the rifles are. Manic some sort of poster stress disorder host Traumatic Stress disorder. That opera, boris begs forgiveness. Now, when andrew gets to the white house, which he does. A george bush character . I am sorry you said that. Under if, i am someone reads this book 50 years from now, it will not matter who the model for this character is. Ofwill just be a portrait moral inadequacy attached power. You were awarded the National Book award Lifetime Achievement medal for achievement. As well as the goldmedal for the american letters. You have a lot of awards. Does that mean a lot . It is gratifying. You do not think about them very much. If you get an award from your peers, that is nice. Thats a great honor. John updike was on the show. Almost paralyzed by thinking of this great number of contemporary writers who know things i cant. He told me that. I had told him that it was a welldeserved reward. It was just an award. Sentiments hese these sentiments to me. He was a fantastic writer. A great body of work he created. He had these doubts about himself. That is almost a necessary part of the process. If you are too confident, too cocky about what they are doing, youre going to go down. If your anxiety remains undaunted, you will be ok. Doesnt get more difficult . It takes longer as you get older. More thoughtful, maybe. The new yorker once said worldsu, he is the literary historian. Do you feel like that . No. It is nice to say that. I see these books as selfcontained. It is possible to string them andin Chronological Order cover 150 years. The waterworks, city of creationist, all the time in the world, and now andrews brain. It makes me realize, thinking about cognition, for several books city of god was published in 2000. It is in there. It is in the march. , a soldier gets a spike in his head as the result of an explosion. He cannot remember anything anymore. He keeps saying it is all now. He forgets he said that. What did i say . Can you pinpoint him him a moment when this began questioning the idea can you pinpoint the idea this began . You carry them around with you. Comesonce in a while, one to thehe four up floor. Ive membered a man who had this history. He had inadvertently murdered his child feeding it the wrong medicine. He was a good man. He turned out he had this whole trail of disaster. I wondered about that. How someone who is not evil, and nonviolence, and not nasty, and negative,generally but disposed kindly to the world , how could he have this awful record in his life . That is the thought that got me started on this book. How long ago . That was before i wrote the first line. Thank you. Thank you for coming. A pleasure to have you. Back in a moment. Stay with us. A saturdayon the crowd shuffles in. Me,ld man sitting next to making love to this tonic engine to his tonic and gin. This is your p l. Your piano. This i have had with me for years. It is easy to maintain. The guys know how to work with that and get sound out of it. If youre going to get a piano, it is a good place to go. Onceyou touch the keys, i talked to a chess player, and he could feel the pieces. , once you put your ds on them, a touch technique is important. The feel of the p l is important. Isthe feel of the piano important. They used to make them with ivory keys. There was a reason for that. , theweat when you play ivory absorbs moisture. You dont get slippery. Now, they are made out of synthetic material. It can get slippery. This is good. Play me some things like and watch the process. Joelat was not a billy composition. I wish it was. . Piano man it is pretty simple. The melody is doing the work. Which is why the sheet music isnt that interesting. It is just an accompaniment. To you read music . No. It is a Foreign Language . You lose it. Looking at music to me is like looking at cuneiform. I dont know what i am looking at. I never learned how to sight read. It is a good tool to have. Life. About my octaves. Ll it is only two notes. Hand. Favor your right i am a rightie. People tend to favor one hand over the other. It is weird. I bat lefthanded. New york state of mind . If i had in the sound of my voice 100,000 of the most intense fans, what would they want to hear you play . Man. Bably yeah no piano man. In the u. K. , uptown girl. Themeas princess dianas song. I dont do it other places. It shreds my throat. In england we do it all the time. Girln now shes looking for a downtown man notes to hit those same at this age is not the same. River of dreams . Nightthe middle of the i must be searching for something something so hard to find in the middle of the night one of those songs i couldnt shake. I am not a gospel singer. I can write this. Go way. It would not let me go. Innocent man thinking of been 18 benny king. Oh when the night has come stand by me i wanted to write a song like that. Frompeople stay far away the door if theres a chance of it opening up they hope it just passes up for so many people, to do what you do, to cna to sit at but to put yourself in the head of the great ones. I like the good stuff. No matter what it is. Jazz. Pop, broadway, if it is good, i like it. Lice thank you for this. Thank you. This is taking stock for january 30, 2014. Im pimm fox. The theme at this hour is center stage nathan east spent his career playing with bands like after punk and artists like eric clapton, now he is taking center stage with his own music and his own album. We will discuss his life as a musician. The First Mutual Fund devoted to 3d printing and attitude manufacturing. We will find out what that means and how it works when the media bistro chief executive joins us