Everyone seems to be buzzing about the news there is now a second coronavirus vaccine, which is said to be 9a. 5 effective against covid 19, this one is being developed by Drugs Company moderna. Both the Pfizer Vaccine and this one work in a similar way, but the companies themselves operate very differently. Loss making moderna has received nearly a billion dollars in Research Funding from the Us Government, whereas pfizer has self funded research and developed the vaccine on a purely commercial basis, standing to earn 13 billion in sales next year alone. So does the way the research is funded affect who benefits and how do governments decide which vaccines to back . Lord David Triesman is chairman of biofarma innovations. Thank of biofarma innovations. You for being on the programme. Thank you for being on the programme. So, like all of us, iam sure programme. So, like all of us, i am sure you have had a look at the latest news, what moderna pot is offering, what pfizer is up to. Give us your take on how these companies differ and how they operate. think the first really big difference, which is a significant one is the one that you mentioned, either doing it on the basis of an investment to achieve a return which pfizer is doing and it needs to do that because it has had some significant setbacks with some of its drugs from 2006 right onto very recently, and i imagine that there will be hoping to repair some of the holes that appeared in their former budgeting. The moderna one has been funded largely by government, there are a dozen vaccines in the world that are closer to this level of development now and they are all funded and one or other of those kinds of ways and in the latter case, the moderna case, they follow a model which the Nobel Laureate from last year, michael kramer, had been advocating which is where a government advances the money and therefore takes six or eight months out of the process of getting the drug to the market, that it should be available for people in the developing world as well who otherwise would not be able to afford it, and these are very, very different kinds of Business Models but given the scale of whats required i can imagine there will be types of Business Models emerging as well. Absolutely, and there are several other Companies Working on forms of a vaccine for covidi9. On forms of a vaccine for covid i9. Astrazeneca for example. So in terms of the distribution, who benefits, as you say, how will that work . Who is in the queue, as it were . Who gets access first . In Different Countries there will be different decisions about what the priority criteria are, whether its most vulnerable parts of the population, older people, people with comorbidities or whether it is going to be care workers, teachers, critical workers in the health sector. There will be decisions like that but one of the things that strikes me very forcefully, we know that there are, now according to Johns Hopkins university, there is something in the order of 55 Million People infected. Some of the companies are talking about production levels of about production levels of about 20 million doses in the first year, so theres going to be plenty of room for more than the first few companies, because the requirement will be absolutely enormous, and incidentally, i will make this point because they think this is one of the most serious points being made by, for example, the deputy medical officerfor example, the deputy medical officer for the united kingdom, the existence of the vaccine has still got many testing problems to go through but its enormously hopeful stopping the fa ct enormously hopeful stopping the fact is that it will have no effect on the second spike at all. There wont be ready in time to deal with the second spike, so why have also been very interested in one or two of the medicines which have been found in the world, discovered by farmer industries in different parts of the world, in particular one drug which has been made in cuba which has been made in cuba which has been made in cuba which has got a phenomenal success which has got a phenomenal success rate in helping the people who were anticipated would die, Something Like 94 of the people who had been treated with that drug, for example, have survived and have gone home healthy, so theres lots of other things to do as well. Absolutely, so much to consider. Thank you for getting up consider. Thank you for getting up so early and sharing your expertise on the programme, and just to say that on abc online, there is so much more detail about the vaccines that are being looked into, those that are saying they are almost there, and also who might get them, so do have a look at our website because if you are interested , website because if you are interested, concerned or have questions, a lot of the answers are you which i cant cover on this programme. According to new research out today, employers that embrace Flexible Working could boost applications from women for top jobs dramatically. The insurer zurich found applications from women for management roles jumped 20 after they advertised all jobs with part time, job share, or Flexible Working options. With much of the workforce working in entirely new ways since the pandemic began, could this begin to narrow the gender pay gap . Joining me now is alison martin, ceo of zurich emea. Good to see you, thanks for being on the programme. I must admit, this is something id know a lot about because Flexible Working is something i know a lot about, and as you pointed out, as you sit Flexible Working options, that makes all the difference. Exactly, six simple words. You just add them, its as simple as that. Its fabulous to see that we had a i6 increase in women applying for all roles and 20 increase in Senior Management because i think important to try to understand the root causes of the gender pay gap, so to understand that and then be able to address it, so and then be able to address it, so it is actually having more women apply and then get hired into those senior roles and we are into those senior roles and we a re really into those senior roles and we are really pleased to say we have actually seen a 33 increase in the number of women who have actually attained senior manager roles over the last year since we put this policy in place. And how many others do that, in terms of your field, Financial Services and elsewhere, because as you say it makes a huge difference on the talent that apply for thejobs in the on the talent that apply for the jobs in the first place. Exactly, you a re the jobs in the first place. Exactly, you are not limiting your talent pool and most important thing is to broaden your talent out as far as you possibly can and be able to access it. I cant comment on how many of our peers do this oi how many of our peers do this or not, we certainly believe that through this study that we are the first insurer to advertise all roles, there have been a few limited exceptions, but all roles on this basis. And quite often, women want to apply for a role, they want a flexible role but because its not in the ad they may not even go for it either, but its really important, isnt it, for women who are applying for these jobs, to women who are applying for thesejobs, to ask women who are applying for these jobs, to ask for it if it is not in the advert. Its really important, we offer this to all of our employees, and one of the other things that we have seen is that actually, its about the language you use in your adverts, as well. We work with a Third Party Supplier to make sure that all oui supplier to make sure that all ourjob adverts, we make in gender neutral language, so we try to use words like encouraging, partnering, collaborate instead of using colder, harder words which typically attract more of a male dominated set of applicants. Just quickly, im a part time worker, im a mum, its important to say that womens careers are not stymied oi womens careers are not stymied or they dont level of necessarily if you are part time. Necessarily if you are parttime. Exactly. Its one of those areas where it is so important to improve the equality that we have within the workplace and thats diversity across all measures. Im a working mum of two kids as well and i do flex work. I think it is so important that actually we offer the opportunities to include as many people as we possibly can in the workforce. Thanks for being on the programme lets get some of the days other news. Indian workers in factories supplying the supermarket chains marks and spencer, tesco and sainsburys, and the fashion brand ralph lauren, told the bbc they are being subjected to exploitative conditions. Women working at a ralph lauren supplier said they had been forced to stay overnight to complete orders, sometimes requiring them to sleep on the factory floor. Electric carmaker tesla willjoin the s p 500 share index next month. The 17 Year Old Company have seen a meteoric rise lately and is now the most valuable car company in the world even though it only produces a fraction of the cars of its bigger rivals. Shares of tesla gained 14 in after hours trading. Airbnb has taken another step towards going public. The home rental startup has disclosed its paperworks for its ipo, which means that investors can now start buying shares of airbnb. But the companys listing on the nasdaq is not expected until a later date. Its business has been hit hard by the pandemic. But its still one of the most anticipated stock market debuts in recent years. The Chinese Telecom titan huawei is offloading its budget smartphone brand honor to save it from american sanctions. Lets go to our Asia Business hub and mariko 0i who is following the story. As we all know, huawei has really been caught in that us china trade war, because washington says that the company is a National Security threat, which huawei has repeatedly denied, but the Us Government sanctions have now restricted supplies to huawei by making foreign Semiconductor Companies to get a permit before selling any chips to the chinese tech giants though because of the sanctions huawei has been struggling to buy technical components needed for their smart phone business. The honour brand that has just been sold was established in 2013 to focus on the youth market, so basically their phones are cheaper, and according to huawei honour has shifted over 17 Million Units annually. After this sale, huawei will continue making high end handsets, focusing on them although that is also under threat from the us sanctions. We dont know how much the deal was worth although the Previous Report said that it could be worth around for 10 billion, so worth around for 10 billion, so definitely a big deal and a nalyst say so definitely a big deal and analyst say that the sale to consortium of more than 30 companies mean that huawei might be able to buy back honour in the future, unlike selling it to its rival. All right, thank you, really interesting. The news of a second promissing vaccine against coronavirus has sent World Markets higher again. Joining me now is david madden from cmc markets. David, good to see you. So, once again, markets riding a wave of euphoria about the fact that we might see normality return in 2021 . Absolutely. We saw a decent broad based rally in london, europe and us yesterday. Which is all predicated on the news. It was due to that very positive news from moderna. 94. 5 positive news from moderna. 9a. 5 effective tackling in terms of a vaccine and keep in mind, it was only two mondays ago, just over one week ago that we heard a similar story from pfizer and biontech, the drug they are producing has an effective rate of 90 suit was a broad based rally in london, banks and retailers, they all performed well but the real stand up performers were the travel stocks, transport socks and also hospitality and it makes sense because these are the industries which have been hit the hardest by the pandemic and arguably have the most to gain, should we have a Coronavirus Crisis put to bed. There is some real concern about Certain Airlines and certain travel operators. They are on the brink of collapse. Good news of a vaccine be rolling out, and into the new year. Would that prevent some of these Companies Going under, do you think . I think it would certainly assist Smaller Airlines in the pursuit of credit, should that be the case. There is already well established government and bank of england lending schemes but some of the Bigger Airlines such as easyjet which actually have figures later on today, it was only last month they confirmed they have a cash balance in september in excess of £2. 3 billion and very recently, they raised over 400 million in relation to that so some of the Bigger Airlines, easyj et, some of the Bigger Airlines, easyjet, whizair, iag, they are all well funded, so there are no concerns. But some of the Smaller Airlines i suspect could be given a lifeline. Especially if it looks as if there is a vaccine or two in there is a vaccine or two in the pipeline. Weve got to watch oil today . The pipeline. Weve got to watch oiltoday . It the pipeline. Weve got to watch oil today . It was spurred on by optimism and surrounding hopes but also, 0pec plus, which is a group of middle eastern and russia Oil Producing nations, it could give us an indication of what they are going to do next month in terms of reduction. There has been very steep production costs in place in the oil market by the producers. There is talk that it was planned. Given the lockdowns here in england, the man could be impacted. Demand. Those oil producers, the likes of saudi arabia and russia, keeping production cuts in place through early 2021. David madden from cmc markets. Stay with us. Still to come will there be tourism after the pandemic, and if so, where is best to go . Benazir bhutto has claimed victory in pakistans general election, and shes asked pakistans president to name her as prime minister. Jacksons been released on bail of 3 million after turning himself into police in santa barbara. It was the biggest demonstration so far of the fast growing european anti nuclear movement. The South African government has announced that its opening the countrys remaining whites only beaches to people of all races. This will lead to a black majority government in this country and the destruction of the white civilisation. Part of the centuries old windsor castle, one of the queens residences, has been consumed by fire for much of the day. 150 firemen have been battling the blaze, which has caused millions of pounds worth of damage. This is bbc world news, the latest headlines donald trump faces growing pressure from president elect biden to start a transition as coronavirus cases in the us top 11 million hopes rise for end of the coronavirus pandemic after early data from Us Company Moderna shows that theres no place like home with many of us stuck in our homes this year that has taken on a whole new meaning. No surprise then theres been a surge in diy and decoration sparking a trend of home improvement, and sales of things like paint and furniture are in some cases going through the roof. Sarah toms has the story. Home improvement pandemic style. Being cooped up during coronavirus is turned people in singapore into enthusiastic interior designers. Thing at home 24 7, quite a long time, we decided to create a cosy and co mforta ble we decided to create a cosy and comfortable place for us to be and to hang out. So we bought the rugs and also ornaments, like decorated ornaments, cushions. Here is a small Home Furnishing boutique, this urge isa furnishing boutique, this urge is a welcome boost after shops we re is a welcome boost after shops were forced to shut in april. So to give it a whole new fresh vibe, ithink so to give it a whole new fresh vibe, i think its been really important, for your own mental stability. Large companies are also reaping the benefits. Swedish Home Furnishing retailer ikea more than doubled on line sales in Southeast Asia during its toughest year stop even now that restrictions of these, people are still spending on domestic makeovers. Rather than big renovation projects, the trend has been more to changes like home versioning. Some of the biggest sellers were here at brayton barrel, kitchenware and glassware, cushions and rugs but its not just glassware, cushions and rugs but its notjust Home Furnishings. People are giving their walls a whole new look. Sales soared nearly 1000 for nippon paint injune compared to last year. Pastels and off whites are always popular demand has grown for the colours of nature. Lush greens, terracotta oranges, warm brown. People want outdoor tones in the indoor spaces. Trend forecasters see extra emphasis on tranquillity and luxury. People are trying to create those experiences you spend in a hotel. A really nice sumptuous experience, so investing in really good bedding or nice textiles around the home. Its a bit of a sanctuary. Is the pandemic wears on, economies are taking longer to recover and people may stop splashing out of they fear their jobs may stop splashing out of they fear theirjobs are in jeopardy. But for now, i drug, plush sofa or lick of paint is making yet another 19 seem a little bit more tempting. What does the future hold for the decimated travel and Tourism Industry . They saw a big rise in share prices yesterday. But will people really want to travel and if so can the tourist industry actually rebuild in a more sustainable, environmentally friendly form . Lonely planet has just released its list of Top Destinations for 2021. Joining me now is tom hall, head of Lonely Planet uk. Good morning. Where are you suggesting people go and how can you predict where, when you dont ignore the rules and regulations. There are exactly the conversations weve had at Lonely Planet. Normally this is a selection of countries and cities and regions to go to. We should have done it slightly differently. We are flagging up people and communities to make a positive contribution. Travellers are going to look to experience those places in a way that feels safe and positive. So where do you think people should go . Its important to recognise were to have huge domestic tourism. We are flagging invisible cities. Helping people to explore systems in a different way. People who were formerly homeless, in different cities around the uk. We talk about an ecotourism project. We do look further afield as well. Mentioning australia and its incredible recovery from the bushfires of a year ago. And also projects like the roads of da nte also projects like the roads of dante in italy, new walking trail connecting florence to ravenna, the birthplace of the poet dante. People are dreaming about where to go next. My producer on this programme is sweden but was interested to see the best city stays gothenburg apparently, according to Lonely Planet. Gothenburg is a city that has pledged to become fossil independent by 2030 as well as being one of those second city destinations. It doesnt have the same volume of visitors is the same volume of visitors is the capital city, people looking for places they can go to when travel does restart, when they are not getting had to have as many tourists around, Something Like gothenburg is a really big picture. Its great to have you on the programme. Keep assuring where we should be headed. Its open 2021 it is safe to travel. At the moment, so many questions and so many unanswered. Have a lovely day. If you are on bbc1, you can join bbc brick dust in five minutes. If youre on bbc world, i will be back. Bbc brea kfast. Hello. Were all going to be sitting under a fairly hefty whack of cloud in the next few days. That cloud is being pulled in from the atlantic and it comes along with some very mild air. If it does thin and break in a few spots, which it may do with a little bit of help from the hills, we could see our temperatures in eastern regions shooting up today. But as we continue to pull in the south westerly air into western scotland, theres going to be a lot of moisture around. Here, some fairly relentless rain and across the hills, the totals keep adding up. I think well see perhaps some rain setting in from western wales and parts of Northern Ireland with the higher ground, especially through the day as well. A lot of cloud around, as i said, but some sheltered eastern spots will see the sun coming out and the temperatures could shoot up to 16, even 17 degrees, but widely, were in the mid teens on tuesday, despite the grey skies. Through tuesday evening over into wednesday, still lots of cloud around, still that rain across western scotland. It will be a mild start to wednesday in many areas, temperatures down no lower than the low teens. What will actually happen through wednesday is during the daytime, our temperatures will come down, some as this weather front advances from the west. Yes, it will bring rain, itll be another windy story on wednesday too. The east starts with some sunshine. We mayjust cling onto the mild air here into the afternoon with a little bit of brightness across east anglia, temperatures could get up to 16 degrees. Behind the front, its clearer, its brighter but its consequently colder. Temperatures just 10 11, so chillier in the figures to start the day. This perhaps shows the transition best, though. Wednesday into thursday, we sweep away the mild atlanta air and were plunged into arctic air, a northerly blast setting up as our area of low pressure thats been with us for quite some time gets replaced by a brief ridge of high pressure. Very clear air coming down from the arctic. Therell be some beautiful sunshine around on thursday, some showers, though, for scotland, cold enough to be wintry. Gales down the north sea coast. It will be particularly cold when we factor in the wind, and a few showers possible for wales and Eastern England on that wind as well. The biggest change for thursday is how it will feel. For the likes of scotland, temperatures will feel closer to freezing when you factor in the wind. Good morning, welcome to breakfast with Louise Minchin and dan walker. 0ur headlines today a tougher tier system of covid restrictions could be imposed in england when lockdown ends in december, as government scientists warn that tiers one and two had limited effect. Hope on the horizon theres an International Welcome for the news that a Second Company has developed an effective vaccine against the virus. Good morning. The firms fighting back against lockdown. New charity grants are being made available to businesses struggling with restrictions we look at what some of them are doing to survive. From hollywood to wrexham. Fans of the National League side have