and where in the world will they be made? well, to discuss this and more, i'm joined by chris miller, assistant professor of international history at the fletcher school of law and diplomacy at tufts university. he's also the author of chip wars: the fight for the world's most critical technology. linghao bao is a tech analyst at policy research firm trivium, china. hejoins me from shanghai. thank you both for speaking to the bbc. chris, if i can start with you. the us concerns about china advancing in chip technology, are they justified? well, there's no doubt that chinese firms have been making real strides in the past decade, especially in the sphere of chip design capabilities. and what you find historically is that whenever powerful countries have advanced computing technologies, they deploy them to intelligence and to military systems. so i think the us is not wrong to infer that as china makes more