russia — wide—ranging sanctions against russia are making a difference. they are making _ russia are making a difference. they are making a difference too slowly and i_ are making a difference too slowly and i entirely understand why president zelensky is calling for more _ president zelensky is calling for more direct action from the west. but the _ more direct action from the west. but the dilemma nato faces, and the us and _ but the dilemma nato faces, and the us and ourselves, is that we want to do everything we can to help ukrainians resist russian aggression without— ukrainians resist russian aggression without risking an escalation to an all-out— without risking an escalation to an all-out war— without risking an escalation to an all—out war between nato and russia, because _ all—out war between nato and russia, because even if in conventional terms, _ because even if in conventional terms, nato forces might be able to defeat _ terms, nato forces might be able to defeat russian conventional forces in the _ defeat russian conventional forces in the ukraine, the risks of escalation to a nuclear conflict will be — escalation to a nuclear conflict will be very considerable indeed, and even — will be very considerable indeed, and even a — will be very considerable indeed, and even a conventional conflict would _ and even a conventional conflict would not — and even a conventional conflict would not be confined to the territory _ would not be confined to the territory of ukraine. it would spread — territory of ukraine. it would spread to _ territory of ukraine. it would spread to other countries, to mainland _ spread to other countries, to mainland russia, to poland, perhaps to the _ mainland russia, to poland, perhaps to the uk_ mainland russia, to poland, perhaps to the uk and us. 30 mainland russia, to poland, perhaps to the uk and us. 50 if mainland russia, to poland, perhaps to the uk and us.— to the uk and us. so ifi understand