and a fully affected child — me. but in average people, it is very rare. maybei in 20,000. sperm — it's usually sperm — go different and, therefore, an achondroplasia child is born. you are an academic, and ethicist and you think about the very biggest and deepest ethical subjects that face us human beings. but this is also of course deeply personal. you have chosen to be candid and open about the very difficult emotional conversations you have had within your own family over the generations. absolutely, yeah. it is difficult, in a sense, for me to get into this with you because it seemed so personal, but your own mother, for example, revealed to you later in her life that had she had the option, had she known that you definitely had the condition of achondroplasia, she would have chosen to terminate. yes, but back in the day, that was not possible, and i think it's an illustration of the power we now have. so a lot of parents who are talking about genetics,