pretty darned well. the private sector was activated very quickly, pump—primed with some state money in the united states and in countries like the uk, and with extraordinary speed and skill, the private sector came up with solutions. came up with effective vaccines. well, ok, so first of all, we were unprepared on different levels. you know, test and trace failed miserably in the beginning. in fact, in the uk, we had to outsource it to deloitte, that didn't do too well. so the kind of local productive capacity and governance capacity of many different countries wasn't actually there for that early lockdown. you're absolutely right that with the vaccine, it was, you know, quick, great, we should celebrate that... and, if i may say so, private—sector led. no, it wasn't private—sector led, there was both public and private. there's six different vaccines. the mrna, a technology of thejohnson &johnson vaccine, for example, was all early stage darpa—funded, but that's not really the point. of course there was private—sector investment, there was also public—sector investment. in the us, the national institutes of health spend, every year, $40 billion on health innovation.