Were bringing power to the flower with the drones and ai dealing with the changing climate of this blossoming industry. Were also in the rural communities, where ai is improving prenatal care. And we explore the piles of electronic waste making locals choose between lives and livelihoods. Agriculture plays a huge part in many peoples livelihoods in kenya in fact, the industry employs more than 40 of the total population. But Climate Change is having a real impact on the crops there, and you might be surprised to find out what one of the most sensitive crop types is. Flowers. They have a specific window for being grown and sold and if the weathers out of sorts, it can completely derail the process. But technology can help, and Shiona Mccallum has spent a day on a rose farm in naivasha to find out more. Our years are punctuated by times that we want to buy flowers valentines, birthdays, christmases and the chances are when you look in your bouquet, one of the stems wouldve been grown here in kenya. But, like most places, this part of the world is not immune to the problems that Climate Change is bringing. Rising temperatures, extreme droughts and flash floods are affecting the crop yields. In fact, just a couple of years ago, some Kenyan Flowerfarms reported losses as high as 50 due to the impact of heavy downpours. So, thats where the Technology Comes in. Artificial Intelligence Company lima labs is providing a Machine Vision system using drones, which they say makes the farming smarter and more predictable. We use a camera on the drone to take images of our crops in the farm and then, once weve gotten those images, we send them to the office and then, were able to process them and give insights to farmers. And insights span all the way from a prediction of their harvest, it spans all the way to a prediction of their stem density, growth rates, probably, in the future, even detection of pest and diseases. On this farm, some of the flowers are grown inside huge greenhouses. The rest are outside, and that presents some challenges for the drones. With more gusts of wind, the drone uses actually more Battery Power and drains a lot of Battery Power. And also, the rain we cannot fly the drones through the rain. The Ai Algorithms being used can help predict the Weather Patterns through sensors on the farm that detect humidity, temperature and other environmental conditions. A dashboard on a Computer Screen displays footage of the plants, providing stem and flower head count and other crucial data, like the chance of an insect infestation. This all helps farmers better predict fluctuations in growing and harvesting patterns. Well, the big issue is Climate Change and the unpredictable Weather Patterns. The heavens have opened now, so were going to head inside into the packing room, and do the rest of the interviews. Hi, im shiona. Hi, im mercy. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. Can you show me around . Sure. 0k. Tell me whats happening here. This is our grading hall. Its one of the post harvest sections. Post harvest, that means we process the final product that is from harvesting it to packing it and dispatching to the final customer. And can you talk to me about some of the varieties . Because these lovely little red berries are nice. This specifically is hypericum, the red berry. So, the beauty of this crop lies with the berries the red, shiny berries. The quality of these berries and the leaves looks fantastic. Would you say the technology is really helping them be in this condition . Yes, it is really helping because with the technology, we have been able to come a long way in producing more strong varieties, more resistant ones. How has the technology been received here on the farm . What does everyone think about having drones in place and using the tech . We didnt believe in it at first but later on, when we saw the results and benefits, its now a way of life on our side. So, from there, the farmers conduct weekly farm assessments. Depending on the flowers health, they can change their sales and logistics decisions, meaning they dont waste time or lose money. Another thing is time management. For the shortest time possible, and you get more accurate results. I can imagine people will be pleased by that. Yeah, yeah. Could you talk to me through how a workers day might have changed during the 9 00 to 5 00 as a result of having this technology implemented . So, what they used to do is get a square metre, manually count how many stems are there in that square metre and then extrapolate and assume that the rest of the field is actually, you know, similar to that square metre which, obviously, is very inaccurate. With lima, when we come and we monitor these crops using the drones, we are able to first of all get accurate numbers because we are seeing each and every stem, and we dont have the human aspect of getting tired, right, to count or losing track of numbers, right . Theres that aspect. And then, at the end of the day, were able to get an accurate number for the amount of stems in the whole field. This, of course, saves the four hours the person was doing that every day. At the end of the day, makes their life a lot easier. And back at the office, they can see the results. Because the reality is here, its showing you the number of stems that you forecasted and the actual stems, because this is the reality, yeah so, very confident with this technology, yeah. Technology is rapidly changing agriculture in many ways and this farm is certainly taking steps to move beyond the traditional and into a data driven business. A woman dies every two minutes due to complications in pregnancy or childbirth. The majority of all maternal deaths are in sub Saharan Africa. And in kenya, the problem is actually getting worse. 70 of the population lives in remote rural areas, where theyre cut off from life saving infrastructure. Not all mums are able to access the right kind of care. Transport, getting to the hospital, is always an issue. We dont have enough Healthcare Workers for the population. Big problems, i would say. Not all Maternal Health clinics across kenya are as well equipped or as well staffed as this one in nairobi but its hoped the Technology Being trialled here could help ensure that more mothers to be get access to potentially life saving treatment. Laughs this is janefer� s first glimpse of her baby. The legs. Oh, wow ultrasound scans like these Play A Key Role in ensuring a pregnancy goes smoothly. Unfortunately, theres been some bumps in the road for janefer. Last month, i had a complication. I had a discharge. She was advised to go straight to hospital to get checked out. Oh, i was scared. Yeah, i was scared. I was like, maybe im losing the baby or something. Luckily, janefer and her baby are both fine, but she also had problems in her previous pregnancy. I had to go for caesarean section. And did your doctors tell you that it couldve been prevented if youd had an ultrasound earlier . Yeah, they said it could have been prevented. Where you live, is it difficult to get an ultrasound during your pregnancy . Its quite expensive and you have to go for a distance to get it. Jacaranda health, the organisation that runs this clinic, has partnered with Tech Giant Google to trial a solution that could help save lives. Its important for pregnant women to do ultrasound throughout their pregnancy. The first importance is to check foetal anomalies. Initially, as a nurse, we were not able to perform the ultrasound. Until now. This Ultrasound Probe sends video output to a tablet or smartphone, making this system cheaper and much more portable than traditional ultrasound scanners. Artificial intelligence then interprets the image without the need for a sonographer. The information that ill get here will help me to save the life of a mother and also save the life of the foetus. Ive come to googles offices in nairobi to find out more about how their ai models are being developed and how people who arent sonographers can be trained to use it. If this technology is intended to be so easy that you could train anybody to do it, do you think that i could have a go . I think you definitely could. First, i need to measure the size of the bump and apply my ultrasound gel. So, as you smooth it, youll start to see the imagery. Oh, wow. Yeah. Next, its time to do the scan. I need to do six sweeps over the abdomen, and the app gives me instructions for every step of the process. Youre doing amazing. Thank you feels like if i were more confident, this would be much quicker. The ai models then analyse the image. They give two vital pieces of information the gestational age thats how many weeks old the foetus is and the foetal position or the direction the foetus is facing inside the uterus. So, it says gestational age is 23 weeks and two days. The Foetal Presentation is. I actually cant pronounce that. Cephalic. Cephalic what does that mean . Thatjust means heads down. Non cephalic positioning could be breech or transverse, which means that the patient might need a c section or Something Like that. Were not trying to replace sonographers. Humans are very important to providing care and we just want to give them additional tools in their tool set. Around 100 scans have been collected in clinical settings in kenya so far. A lot more than that will be needed before the systems ready for routine use. Although the research is still in its early stages, Jacaranda Health hopes the trial marks the beginning of better days for Maternal Health in kenya. 10 of mums in rural kenya have access to ultrasound services. If this is available, it will definitely be a game changer. 0k, time for a look at this weeks tech news. A group of more than 200 high profile musicians have signed an open letter, calling for protection against the use of Artificial Intelligence that mimics Human Artists likenesses, voices and sound. Artists unions have sought to Pressure Lawmakers and Tech Companies to regulate the use of ai while studios have become interested in its potential for reducing production costs. Meanwhile, the uk and us have signed a Landmark Deal to Work Together on testing advanced Artificial Intelligence. Both countries have agreed to Work Together on developing Robust Methods for evaluating the safety of ai tools and the systems that underpin them. Nhs england is to offer Tens Of Thousands of people with type i diabetes a new technology dubbed an artificial pancreas. The device continually monitors a persons Blood Glucose Levels and automatically calculates and adjusts the amount of insulin given to them through a pump. And the worlds most powerful laser is now operational at a European Research facility in romania. The system achieves ten petawatts of power thats a lot of power in under a femtosecond thats not very long. Its one billionth of one millionth, or one quadrillionth, of a second. Just keep away from me just keep it away from me now, there are around 25 diseases for which we have safe and effective vaccines but millions still die every year because those vaccines dont get to the people who need them. So, one company has been looking at ways to streamline the process and, in doing so, save lives. Chikungunya is one of the infections thats spread by mosquitoes. Its usually confined to sub Saharan Africa but has started to spread. One vaccine has just been approved by the food and Drug Administration in the us but others are working on it, too. One of them is the bristol based start up imophoron. Its developed a new synthetic protein called addomer. The protein is adorned with parts of the target virus but its not infectious itself. Its a different approach to how other vaccines, like the covid i9 ones, were made but theres one big advantage. The addomer can be produced, stored, transported and brought to the people at ambient temperatures which can go up to 50 degrees. This is a big advantage to other vaccines, which depend on a functioning cold chain. Millions of doses of vaccines are lost every year because of inadequate refrigeration, especially when being sent to developing countries. Part of the issue is transporting the vaccine from the distribution depot, where it is kept in cold chain conditions, to the site where its going to be administered. It could be hundreds of miles. And then, when they get to the facilities where theyre going to deploy the vaccine, more often than not, theres not any refrigeration. Now, over the years, people have tried different ways of dealing with this. They, for example, would dig holes and put the vaccine but it is very, very hard. Another big advantage of the technique being used here is that it could be synthesised to target more than one disease in one shot. The addomer is not yet in Clinical Trials but it couldnt have got to this stage without two key technologies. We are now coming to the cryo electron microscopy facility. This is where our structure Data Collection will take place. This is ufuk. He is preparing the experiment. Hello, im lara. Nice to meet you. A prepared sample is placed in a tiny drop of water and inserted into that Electron Microscope at minus 195 degrees celsius. So, when we put it into the cryo Electron Microscope, the Electron Beam can go through it and we will see our vaccine particles. 0k. Can i take a look at what its actually seeing now . So, we can only have one of those grids loaded. Those are the 3mm discs that we applied the sample onto. This is a magnified image of that. So, this is a grid square image. And now, were going to zoom into these foil holes. The microscope can zoom into 0. 1 Nanometre Detail thats one ten millionth of a millimetre. These raw images may not look like much to you or me but they are a vital part of the process and ai is pivotal to this. Where ai can help us is we can run literally thousands of simulations of where to position, which particular bit of the protein to attach, where to put it, or if we need to stabilise it or fix it in some way, and that can help us really reduce the time in the lab spent Doing Iterations until we get the right molecule. But if they do succeed, the possibilities in other areas could be huge, too such as Cancer Vaccines that train the bodys Immune System to make antibodies against a tumour. And at least its methods do have efficiency on their side. The addomer uses established technology for its production. The manufacturing process are established and we believe that they will be very competitive, and we are now working towards entering Clinical Trials. This is a small company, though, up against a big challenge and big pharma and these vaccines arent in humans yet, so theres a way to go. Have you ever wondered where your old laptops, phones and tvs go to die . Well, every year, our planet generates over 50 Million Tonnes of electronic waste but only a quarter of that e waste is properly recycled, which is really bad because our devices are full of potentially toxic chemicals. Michael kaloki reports on how one company in kenya is hoping to combat the issue. This is dandora. This community on the outskirts of nairobi is home to one of the largest dump sites not only in kenya, but east africa. Although it was declared full 20 years ago, over 800 tonnes of garbage is still dumped on this sprawling 30 acre site every day. And, in recent years, an increasing proportion of this is e waste. Men, women and even children scour the stacks of waste for discarded electronics, breaking them apart for their motherboards, batteries, wiring anything that can be resold for parts. Its become an important Income Stream in what is a desperately deprived area. Ive come to this part of the dump site to meet an e waste collector. There are thousands of people who work in the dump site and its a dangerous environment to work in. Stanley mwangi is one of them. Translation we get a lot of ewaste here, | as you can see. We find items like motherboards. We repair some of the motherboards and others, we just use as replacement parts. Anything we cant use, we sell to chinese traders. There are many buyers for us materials. There are many buyers for e waste materials but e waste is not easily found. The items are few and the buyers are many, so the price shoots up. We sell the e waste by the kilo. Traders pay 1,500 shillings which is about 6 per kilo. Hes worked on the dump since 2002 and, as a single parent, says he has no other choice. It is dangerous work but we have to do it. If we do not, we will go hungry. One of these fingers got chopped off working here but i had to keep working here to make ends meet. He says the injury was caused by a shard of glass. And while such injuries are common where people dont have access to any protective gear, there are arguably greater dangers to working here they are exposed to toxic chemicals such as lead, mercury and cadmium. These chemicals can leach into local Water Supplies and noxious fumes inhaled when any unwanted e waste is burned. While the informal and partial recycling of electronic waste has been the status quo in kenya for decades, one organisation is hoping to change that. So, some of the waste from landfills, like the one in dandora, ends up in e waste centres such as this one. Well, im here to find out what the process is when the waste gets here. The waste electrical and Electronics Equipment centre collects and recycles a variety of e waste, ranging from computers and phones to solar panels and refrigerators. At its nairobi headquarters, these are then channelled to the relevant workshop. In one, technicians test and refurbish laptops and tablets so they can be used again. And any device or appliance deemed beyond repair is sent to their Dismantling Room to be stripped for usable parts. And in another room, hundreds of batteries are upcycled, saving them from contaminating the soil in dump sites like dandora. At the moment, we are able to receive 240 tonnes of e waste per year, though we have the capacity to process 200 tonnes per month, which means we are performing way, way, way below capacity. So why, then, is there this low volume of e waste being collected . Its due to lack of public awareness. Majority of our Community Members do not know that e waste is dangerous. So, joseph, is all the e waste that is found in kenya, is that generated here . The e waste that is produced is as a result of Electronic Devices that have been imported into this country but, of course, we also have Electronic Devices coming to this country disguised as donations. You cant use them for more than even two months. But despite these hurdles and the prediction that the amount of global e waste could double by 2050, joseph hopes that organisations such as his could start to make a positive difference. But what difference that could have on the livelihoods of people like stanley, who rely on dumps like dandora to survive, is now uncertain. Ive been able to open a repair shop with the money ive made here, so i will keep going. I will only stop working when my body gives up. That is all we have time for. Yeah, thanks for watching and we will see you soon. Bye hello there. On saturday, we saw two sides to Storm Kathleen. On the one hand, across Eastern England with some weak sunshine, temperatures reached 21 celsius in suffolk the warmest day of the year so far. Further west, though, those winds were a lot stronger gusts of 60 70 mph and some large waves as well. And Storm Kathleen is still on the scene, Tracking Northwards to the west of the uk. Still going to bring with it some windy weather on sunday and therell be some further sunshine but also some showers. Its not going to be quite as warm as it was on saturday. Were going to start with a bit of early rain to clear away from North East England and South East Scotland and then, more showers will come in from the north west to scotland and northern ireland. Well see some wet weather arriving in wales, pushing through parts of the midlands and Northern England, later into the South West Of England. The best of the dry weather and sunshine probably through east anglia and the South East Of England but its going to be a windy day. The strongest of the winds likely to be in the far north West Of Scotland over 60 mph. Temperatures are going to be lower than they were on saturday but a pleasant 16 or 17 in the south east and across east anglia in the sunshine. Now, as Storm Kathleen weakens by monday to the north of scotland, were going to find our next area of low pressure moving in from the south and this one is going to bring with it some cloud and some outbreaks of rain. Thats mainly going to run northwards up the western side of the uk but well see some rain for Northern England and southern scotland. Northern scotland likely to be dry, the winds becoming lighter and well get some sunshine and dry weather for awhile through the midlands and across some Eastern Parts of england. Again, temperatures 16 or 17 degrees. By the end of the day, its not going to be as windy but our area of low pressure is likely to deepen overnight and the winds strengthen again towards the South West Of England and through the English Channel into the Channel Islands and weve still got some cloud, weve got some outbreaks of rain left over on tuesday to push steadily eastwards across england and wales and some further showers to the north West Of Scotland. The Wind Direction is changing to a north westerly and thats going to bring with it some colder air, so maximum temperatures on tuesday are only 10 12 celsius. Now, that colder air shouldnt last too long. During wednesday and into thursday, the Wind Direction changes we get milder south westerly winds but that brings with it the chance of some more rain. Good morning. Welcome to breakfast with rogerjohnson and nina warhurst. Our headlines today six months into the conflict in gaza, Tens Of Thousands of people stage protests in israeli cities calling for a hostage deal and a change of government. As the effort to bring more humanitarian aid to gaza expands, a new round of peace talks will be held in cairo. Warnings of more strong winds and disruption after Storm Kathleen batters parts of the uk. Running into the History Books the man from worthing whos about to complete a his mammoth run from one end of africa to the other. In sport, no ground lost in the premier League Title Race so far. Arsenal are setting the pace for the others now. They go top of the table again with an impressive win at brighton. Good morning. It is still very windy today. A bit cooler than it was yesterday, and you mightjust spot a rainbow or two, because it is another day of sunshine and blustery showers. I will have all the details later. Its sunday, the 7th of april. Our main story israelis are marking six months since hamas militants attacked the country, killing around 1,200 people and taking more than 250 hostage. Since then, gazas Hamas Run Health Ministry estimates that more than 33,000 people have been killed in the territory in subsequent israeli attacks