with geopolitical challenges causing temporary closures of the red sea passage and constraints on the panama canal making the industry adapt. and of course this is hot on the heels of a global pandemic, which had a huge impact on global shipping. ships produce around 3% of global c02, but countries will now have to reduce this as close as possible to zero by the middle of the century. the global shipping industry lastjuly agreed to reduce planet warming gases to net—zero "by or around 2050". the sustainability demands have driven industry developments which are expected to be discussed at the exhibition.