george ilopes, an expert on international sanctions at the university of notre—dame. good to have you with us, thank you so much forjoining us. what about that question that my colleague david was raising, and i think other people were, when president biden was speaking earlier. why not impose sanctions directly on mr putin himself? why don't they? i think that is because it is one of the last arrow left in the quiver, and has more political pain in doing that than real economic pain at the start. if i had to trade anything that was put in place between monday and today, i wouldn't trade any one of those sanctions, for putting sanctions, for putting sanctions personally on vladimir putin. there are ways in which the political act of sanctions will have deep personal consequences. i think we have seen that more so in notjust be sanctions on the oligarchs, but you will notice the ones on tuesday, out of the us, these are on family members of the oligarchs, and that has a particular bite. but the real