of greenhouse gas emissions, has been the subject of this crucial climate summit�*s first major deal. countries who signed the agreement, including brazil, russia, china and indonesia, represented 85% of china and indonesia, represent 85% of the world's forests. the pledge, and the £15 billion behind it, has been broadly welcomed. but deforestation has actually increased since a similar pledge was launched in 2014, and it is not yet clear exactly how those who cut down forests to make money would be provided with the financial incentive to protect these vital carbon storing ecosystems instead. this is a hugely ambitious pledge from world leaders because of the sheer scale of it. we have destroyed over 50% of land—based ecosystems, and this announcement is notjust about protecting forests to keep them standing, it's actually about starting to restore and put so much of our wild landscapes back. some scientists remain sceptical of the progress here. a survey of climate scientists suggests many are not confident that global emissions can be cut quickly enough to avoid a climate catastrophe.