of global emissions. how much will they commit to cutting emissions and by when? they will also be discussing how much money to give poorer countries to adapt to climate change, and will it be enough? they have also got to talk about the covid pandemic. in the longer term, there's the issue of recovering their economies from the pandemic. how do they fix those broken supply chains? how do they deal with rising energy prices? and in the shorter term, there's the question of how do you deal with that issue of vaccine inequality? the fact that 60%, 70% of the richer countries have produced... have got all their populations vaccinated but that number is probably about 2% for many, many poor developing countries. how would they address that? gordon brown, the former prime minister, is calling for an emergency airlift of surplus vaccines. so two big issues for this summit to deal with, and it's a big test of multilateral cooperation. on both climate and on covid, many countries have addressed those issues unilaterally, by themselves.