He launched a counter suit for libel but this was rejected and he's been ordered to pay Ms Ito damages of $30000.00 he says he would appeal Ms Ito spoke to reporters outside the court. And. I feel this is the clothing of one chapter however the fact we won this case doesn't mean the sexual assault didn't happen I still have to face the scar it left this is nothing in you and Shiori to Australia endured its hottest day on record on Tuesday according to preliminary data from the country's Bureau of Meteorology average temperatures reached 40.9 degrees Celsius heat is expected to build over the next few days as the air mass moves across the country and temperatures of up to $48.00 degrees of forecast the record comes as the nation battles a severe drought and bushfire crisis Jamie Hunston is from Greenpeace Australia Pacific what we're seeing right now is the impact of climate change coming to fruition the fire front in its crisis raise a 1000 kilometers along the plains of 60 made it high and it's causing devastation Sydney's been trapped underneath this giant. But day after day and the anxiety levels here through the rich world news from the b.b.c. The world's largest shipping association say they plan to set up a multi-billion dollar fund to find ways of reducing the industry's carbon emissions the 7 fleets want to raise $5000000000.00 by imposing a mandatory levy on fuel this would be used to develop cleaner technology India Supremes Court has refused to suspend a controversial citizenship law which critics say discriminates against Muslims the judges have been considering a number of petitions against the law which has triggered protests across India and Verisign at a Rajan is in Delhi. The nearly 60 pensions verified challenging this law of its gives faster access for citizenship to non Muslims coming from countries Afghanistan Pakistan and Bangladesh these people argue that this is a discriminate lead goes against the values of India's secular democracy on the other hand government argued that those who flee religious persecution can be accommodated one Lee in a country like India the next hearing of the case will happen on the 22nd of January a spokesman for Indian easier special forces say 2 soldiers have been shot by separatist rebels in the eastern province of power poor 180 s. Had around 10 armed rebels attacked the army near a remote village he said rough terrain bad weather and poor communications were hampering the retrieval of bodies separately the Supreme Court in Jakarta on Wednesday increased a jail term for a Polish man convicted of treason over links to Papen independence fighters from 5 to 7 years victims of a shooting in Canada last year have filed a class action lawsuit against Smith and Wesson the American maker of the pistol used in the rampage 2 people died and 13 were injured when a man opened fire in a street in Toronto they say the gun make a knew it was a dangerous product and should have had safety features to prevent it being used by an authorized users those are the latest stories from b.b.c. News. Hello good morning you are listening to news here on the b.b.c. World Service with chemical and canny shove a 50000000000 dollar deal between 2 major car companies and more coming up in just a moment also this news a medical company has hacked in Canada it's a big deal because it's put the data of 15000000 people at risk that is half the population of Canada and will also take you to Peru where a McDonald's restaurant has been closed for 2 days of mourning after 2 young employees were electrocuted at a branch in the Capitol coming up here on Tuesday. And it's out this morning with a big business story the. Chrysler and Persia go into what is said to be the world's 4th largest carmaker and it hunches and our business desk and is poised to tell us more well 1st of all the important thing to note is that this has nothing to do with Star Wars which is when I was going to be telling you about the situation and see a fit Chrysler rudely rained on my parade this morning with a $50000000000.00 merger this is all about cost cutting from the bad old days of the all in the car industry balance which you recall a decade ago Car sales have actually been picking up for most of the course of the last decade but so has competition new companies are entering into the industry now you'd be familiar with some of the names like Tesla and perhaps apples for razor and Google's way Moe but you probably less aware that the last decade to see more than a 100 Chinese electric car company startups and the big name in China of course is guily in 2010 guilty automobile quiet Volvo cars from Ford for $1800000000.00 Since then they've gained a 10 percent stake in Germany's Dima becoming a single biggest investor they've got stakes in the Swedish truck and bus maker Volvo as well separate from Volvo cars they own Lotus they've got a stake in Malaysia's proton holdings so there's increased competition here and in fact is of a scale where you go wow that's a lot and so this. Will be then Philip the 4th largest comic in the one yes it would for former car company with recurring operating profit around 12 and a quarter $1000000000.00 a year total vehicle sales of $8700000.00 according to the 2 companies however the very very quick to point out that no plants will close as a result of the merger which they said will have cost savings of around $4000000000.00 a year now p s a Citron that's their side of the business f c a 5th Chrysler and their side of the business are both said that they expect the transaction to complete somewhere around about a year subject to approval from the various different governments schelde is involved as well I'd like to use if I may this platform right now to express a burning hope that any choice of name for the joint f c a p.s.a. Results in something a little bit like a drunk person trying to summon a cat so 6th Street would be the name of the joint business is that if they're not saving money they're out through job losses and plant closure is how will they make it work but this is the tricky part of course because right now with the pension strikes that you've got going on in France and the yellow vest protests that are going on as well job losses would be totally politically untenable so they have to find another way to get this 4000000000 dollar figure in order therefore justified and bear in mind that merges in this industry don't have a happy history we'll get into that in just a 2nd but the savings would be achieved by sharing investments in vehicle platforms engines new technology using the sheer size of the business to leverage scale when they go out for purchasing things like different parts for the car the cars themselves the tire would be the biggest single combination between 2 car companies since dining quite Chrysler 2 decades ago now you'll note that Donald doesn't still own Chrysler because of fit now in them hence f c a so that clearly didn't work out it was very expensive to get the 2 companies apart again because a lot of stress within the car industry and so people avoided these big mega-mergers So this may be a return of them. The global auto industry incidentally is not looking quite so happy this year lost momentum last year new car sales this year expected to be down around 4 percent hence why they're beginning to look around think hang on maybe we need to find a new way to get our growth in the next few years Phillip thank you very much. You say from the b.b.c. World Service Now if you look at any weather person on a story right now doing a weather report they're having for their maps to come up with new deeper shades of crimson sun some of even gone for a purple shade because that is how hot things are getting their hair right now record temperatures almost touching some going over 40 degrees centigrade and firefighters there have been working to prevent an out of control mega fire in New South Wales from reaching a power station which generates 10 percent of that state's electricity they're trying to stop stockpiles of coal from catching light and conservationists have warned that the toxic fumes could make air pollution worse across the region the Bureau of Meteorology says South Australia could injure temperatures of 50 degrees and centigrade that's close to the country's all time record Meanwhile the prime minister of the country Scott Morrison as these bush fires rage and the conversation around climate change rages as well and what many are seeing as his lack of action on policies to prevent or at least halt climate change or he's going on holiday He's in Honolulu at the moment and people are pretty cross about that earlier I spoke to Jamie Hanson who works for Greenpeace Australia Pacific I mean it's frightening what we're seeing right now is the impact of climate change coming corrosion where the fire front in its crisis areas a 1000 kilometers long rises an area the size of Wales. 60 metres high and it's causing devastation Sydney's been trapped underneath this giant. Smog haze but day after day and it's the anxiety levels here through the roof I what they're saying is driving these extreme temperatures at the moment is the Indian Ocean the surface water the heat on the surface water being different east and west can you explain that to us I'm not I can't write it but what we are thing is that just extreme hate just a blob all across Australia 40 degree day after day and that's making the conditions drier and drier and just you know fueling these conditions are the leading to catastrophic fires and all of the pollution that's line cannot because many people are saying this phenomenon has actually been driven by the planet heating up which is what is now driving these extreme temperatures and the prime minister being criticized really for not making this connection early enough or actually being on holiday now as well soon be you've looked into Australia's climate change policies the policies they have to mitigate this what could they be doing what more could they be doing its credit doing very little in fact what we're doing globally is undermining things like the un meeting where we just played a terrible a regressive roll over the last few weeks at Hiram and we've got a government that has no interest in climate policy has refused year after year to do anything serious on climate that's really coming back to bite them right now the levels of anxiety around climate change are rising environment now the number one issue for strivings in public opinion polling and the Prime Minister's 20 year in his response to the bushfires has really been noticed people have made the connection between this catastrophic violent climate change is refused a number of times to really pull out the consequences of that oh how is government should act have meant that he got under more pressure on this issue than he had been for really briefly then what should he be doing when he had to say that coal mining Australia when it decided that all fire power stations. We need to start making a really constructive attempt to work with our partners 6 o'clock across Jamie Hudson who is a spokesperson for Greenpeace Australia Pacific You're listening to news day from the b.b.c. With clay McDonnell and company Shell the main headlines this half hour fit Chrysler and Persia are set to join together to create the world's 4th largest carmaker China's president is making a trip to Macau to show support for the former colonies government and the woman who shot Japan with a public allegation of rape has been awarded $30000.00 in compensation. Now it's news day for the b.b.c. World Service Let's get some sport headlines his honester thank you and I thought I would get the puns in before Philip strikes back I was actually going to say they were the return of the gender but it turns out they're from. Riyadh Saudi Arabia so that when the ones I went to Philip I know what they are returning to somewhere in there they've been knocked out of the Club World Cup by South American champions flamenco the Brazilian side coming from a goal down to win 31 from anchor and I will face the winner of Wednesday semifinal that's between English club Liverpool and bomb to right of Mexico for what is effectively the world championship as a result of being and guitar Liverpool had to field the youngest ever side in a 5 nil thrashing by Aston Villa in the League Cup No new hope there the average age of the starting 11 was just 19 that's the end of the puns are promised Real Madrid ranches Imogene's a dance as they have to believe that Wednesday's Al Classico against fierce rivals Barcelona will go ahead the match originally shuttled for October responding to because of fears of civil unrest in Catalonia both sides level on $35.00 points in the table Barcelona top on goal difference going into that match and for the 1st time in the history of the p.t.c. World Darts Championship they will be a woman in the 2nd round from an Sherrick winning 32 against World number 77 Ted Everett's the 1st ever win by a female play out what is the sport's biggest event in London I can't believe i've just like made history I like when you see I'm trying to put into words and so to speak to fly I'm just so happy. And I so love coming with the p.v.c. Given the opportunity for us women to play. Brought on what I've just done to my IP just praise that will we can beat them and we can play well against them and we just need more of us else that has fallen Sherrick the 1st ever. Female winner of the p.t.c. World champ out of all sports you would think that dogs should absolutely be a level playing field there is no physical discrepancy whatsoever no well exactly that but women starts was always very very very very very much 2nd fiddle it's still not as big as the men's game but there is a real surge in women's dots as I think is being shown by this makes me want to pick up in arms again. Thank you. We're going to go to the United States next where President Donald Trump has lashed out over his impending impeachment in an irate letter to top Democrats Nancy Pelosi accusing her of declaring in his words an open war on American democracy he goes on to say you have cheap in the importance of the very ugly word impeachment Mr Trump faces an impeachment vote later today over allegations he pressured Ukraine for personal political gain Earlier I spoke to read Rebecca Gill She's a professor of political science at the University of Nevada Las Vegas she thought as she gave me her thoughts on that letter it was pretty wild Actually I was quite shocked that it actually ended up getting spent so quickly you would expect that there would be some deep thinkers in the White House especially at a time like this when this kind of communication easily be the president but apparently he somehow managed to get this passed any of these big shippers and he did say he the president came did he'd been deprived of basic constitutional due process from the beginning of this impeachment scam he said but in fact he was invited by the Democrats is to give evidence but he declined Of course he was He also compared it to the Salem witch trials where people actually were killed so it's I that I it's hard to talk about because it's hard to kind of take it very seriously you know a lot of it is really pretty absurd and I think maybe that's the point it's. Very inflammatory rhetoric much of it isn't true much of it is demonstrably not true right now let's just move on to the fact that there were protests held across the United States yesterday New York Boston Los Angeles this is a president that enjoys a lot of support this though was in support of impeachment when it comes to the polls recent polls one of they saying about the impeachment process so far and their support of the president on a charm. Well. The president is underwater in most polls are although course for if you're looking. To get some sort of prognostications about the next election cycle then national polls are really the place to look but as far as impeachment goes support for impeachment is down slightly but I think it's within the margin of error in most polls and I think there is probably some city setting in but I think the next you know the next few weeks are going to be really critical to see how this process and that shape now want ads that the house he chairs what happens next in the Senate I think a lot usually predictable and so I think that's going to shape the way that people respond to this entire saga Professor Rebecca Gill there a new study from the b.b.c. World Service let's take you to Canada now or a medical testing company says hackers may have access the personal records of up to 15000000 people and that is almost half of the country's population life labs Canada's largest provider of health tests said customer names addresses e-mail and other personal information may have been compromised privacy commission isn't in Ontario and British Columbia said the hackers had demanded a ransom to retrieve the data and the company had actually paid the ransom Earlier I spoke to a cyber security expert Dominic Vogel founder and chief strategist at cyber se they're based in Vancouver it's certainly unusual for an organization to publicly announce that they've paid the ransom it's certainly not uncommon right now I'd say for a lot of organizations they often resort to being the ransom rather than trying to focus on fixing a proactively the worrying thing in this story is there was a 6 week delay between when labs knew what had happened and then going public with it and when it's something. Thing as I was puzzled as you puzzle health Raechel it's Was that wise No it really wasn't wise in the old what was really operating here was at the eventual government and you know that the health minister was when he was asked about that that was some of which worry him as well you know what really paints this as a really bad picture you know this isn't just run of the mill other organization it was like a credit card breach no personal information is taking up and go another step further when it comes to private information and the fact that the company withheld up for a period of 6 weeks from the government and from the public body to me there are some indicators are that there's some answers that they need to be very forthright in and coming about tell us about the health system how I was in Canada this is a president be a private company that have access to people's records because they provide health tests so one of the safety provisions that in general the in health care system is very so much a how it isn't in the u.k. Oh it's very much you're in by you know public sector organization but the public sector the health care sector relies on the private 3rd parties like life labs to provide other services on in this case and the health care tests are done through through life labs and it's unfortunate because I would say right now a lot of the security requirements are maybe stayed out contractually but there is very little oversight or guy and since reserve where are they actually and actively maintaining those security requirements so it's I say it's a bigger problem when it comes to supply chain risk and that's something which a lot of organizations struggle to deal with you know a company that you rely on says that they are following secure requirements next by said you know how much proof do you need to be able to demonstrate that and also that I think this will this will open up a lot of questions and I don't think we're going to have a lot of answers and in the near future but I think more than anything I think that I belong. People ask a lot of questions so this is very much I was a watershed moment in the public sector and I welcome the government do them because presumably they will they will feel a lot of heat for this because this is a private company with personal confidential information clearly the fire walls were there what do they need to say what do they need to do I think what this really points to think there are some troubling signs from before from life labs you know that today they said that they will be brought in world class cyber security experts to help address this problem and to me I say Ok so you bring in world class people after something bad has happened well if you are you know protecting something like personal information wouldn't you have world class stuff in before hand cyber security expert Dominic Vogel Now yesterday here on news day we took you inside a very overcrowded migrant camp on the island of Lesbos in told you the impact that it was having on children there at the medical charity Medicine Sans Frontiers says a health emergency is unfolding there almost 18000 people a cramped into a camp that was originally built for around 2000 people today we focus on another group of very vulnerable people pregnant women and newborn babies the B.B.C.'s Global Health Correspondent tulip Mazumdar reports. In the last war I could. Hear you know. Zainab is 8 months pregnant so you sleeping on the floor as I can see she's come for a checkup at a makeshift and he need to clinic comprising of a couple of shipping containers and tents it's run by the medical charity m.s.f. If you look at life you. Have baby is due in just a few weeks' time and she's worried this is my 1st try I do this for a long time I don't want my child born to tell you know women living in the camp give birth at the local hospital but most returned straight back into the dirty and dangerous conditions with the newborn babies just like a number to be cured we will see you Martina Capulets is one of the few midwives on the island helping pregnant women from the camp the biggest challenges would be the harsh living conditions patients I've got like pregnant mothers coming to me musculoskeletal type pain disorders or sleeping on the floor in tents with not even a mark for us and we've got this extremes in temperatures because of the winter months so there are coming to me with respiratory tract infections chest infections as well you know one toilet for 200 For us it's you know this is Europe so it's it's it's pretty unbelievable. They're around 20 or 30 pregnant women all sat on the benches in this tented area there are 2 midwives on today in life why how after her appointment heavily pregnant Zainab wants to shame me where she lives. We walk up a steep muddy Hills strewn with rubbish bags and Turman see an olive groves filled with thousands of flimsy tents this is the only the spill from the main government run part of the camp which the b.b.c. Was refused access to what is it like living here I clearly remember her but only very now kind of we don't live like this is a map comes from a city seen months of fighting between the Taliban and Afghan forces she's been living in the count with her husband for 2 months now awaiting news on their asylum claims they still think you made the right decision to come here but I think the right decision because if we didn't come here I love life family you know you should chill. Bad and worse you know. How to my house. Looking than if we are neighbors coming in this is a big top hole and tent which is held up by these twigs they stick. That's all that's holding this up and then there are 3 smaller blue tents within the neighbors Yeah these are my neighbor and this one's use Yeah it's a 2 man very basic and flimsy tents see you've got a bunch of blankets here. Yeah. We relive that soon. A lot 5 or 8 months pregnant is really hard what. I vicious something changes the Greek government recently announced plans to move 20000 people off Lesbos and neighboring island it's a better accommodation on the mainland by early 2020 but movement on this has been slow and thousands of people is still arriving on the edge and islands every month . As the B.B.C.'s Global health care. Respondent chiller Mazumdar reporting and you can see more of 2 lives reports at b.b.c. News on line as we are news day we're going to bring you news of what's happening in Peru every McDonald's restaurant in the country has been closed for 2 days of mourning after 2 employees were electrocuted at a branch in the capital Lima the 2 young people died on a night shift whilst cleaning the kitchen police say a woman suffered an electric shock from a drinks machine and her male colleague was tragically then electrocuted when he tried to help or in a statement released several Donal's say the sorrow and extreme pain we share it of the affected families we will cooperate with the authorities to establish what happened to protesters have gathered in Lima there to demand improvements to workplace safety and looking at posters on line outside that restaurant with the slogans McMurtrie and the exploitation we will bring you more on this story here on news day as we get it thank you for joining Carney myself that was a nice day. This is the b.b.c. World Service and we're taking a trip to this see Sunny's meet chairman while I want to make the most spectacular city in all of China the more spectacular city in the whole wall he's the Chinese tycoon who built an ocean themed town 1500 kilometers inland you had it as a new one also look at all these people if I didn't build this place it wouldn't be here Chairman one built his city during the biggest building boom in human history in the 2 years when he started his Project 2013 and 14 China use more concrete than the USA did in the entire 20th century did I do. You like it welcome to seaside city where 120000 people live and work it's been called China's 1st privatized city but what does that mean there are no government officials still running to shows the world that it's marred the whole city is my employer complex at b.b.c. World Service dot com slash documentaries. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service I'm Ed Butler Today we're talking tax and tax dodging from Bolivia to Greece governments are doing battle with the millions of citizens who don't pay their dues but is the biggest challenge not the regular folk but the rich property owning classes the big tax challenge how to fix it that's business daily in a couple of minutes. B.b.c. News with David Alston the board of the French carmaker p.s.a. The owner of Persia has approved a merger with fear cries that the combined business will have a market value of about $50000000000.00 But on your sales of almost 9000000 vehicles India's Supremes Court has refused to suspend a controversial citizenship law which critics say discriminates against Muslims the judges had been considering a number of petitions against the law the case again on the 22nd of January. Australia is sweltering under record temperatures with preliminary data showing it endured its hottest day average daily high of $40.00 degrees Celsius on Tuesday some areas in the interior of India temperatures of more than $45.00 degrees a civil court in Tokyo has awarded damages to a journalist who accused a prominent t.v. Presenter of raping her the verdict is being seen as vindicating Shiri eaters challenge to the to booze surrounding reporting sexual assault in Japan. China's president Xi Jinping is making a trip to Macau to show support for the former Portuguese colonies government the visit is taking place amid tight security as protests continue in neighboring Hong Kong a car like the former British colony is governed under China's One Country 2 Systems policy the world's largest shipping association say they plan to set up a multi-billion dollar fund to find ways to reduce the industry's carbon emissions the money would be used to develop cleaner technology and cut the industry's greenhouse gas emissions by half in line with un targets the governor of Puerto Rico is expected to sign legislation later today to preserve the territories cockfighting tradition in defiance of u.s. Federal law the practice generates an estimated $18000000000.00 a year that's the latest b.b.c. News. Hello I'm Ed Butler and welcome to business daily from the b.b.c. Today we are visiting the tax dodgiest nation in the world. People coming to shopping centers in shopping centers you have to pay taxes and we prefer to sell in a suite yeah we're hearing from Bolivia's tax woes and from an author who says that tax codes everywhere need a rethink 50 percent of government revenue in the developed world comes from income taxes a tax on labor so it's the worker who plays the vast amount of taxes but we don't tax capital to anything like the same degree that's all the government business daily from the b.b.c. . There are 2 certainties in life they say Death and Taxes taxation is as old as civilization itself that's the comedian and author Tom Frisbee the very 1st written records we have are tax records or records of debts owed and if you look at any kind of great event in history any different you know the birth of Christ or 1st man on the moon or whatever days if you dig around you can often find a tax story lurking in there without which that event would have been very different tantalizing but hold that historical thought just for one second because right now from the own or yellow vest protest movement in France to Lebanon street riots the question of tax and accountability has become a hot one everywhere take Latin America for instance but Levy has been making headlines in recent weeks with political upheaval the resignation of its president ever exacerbating its own profound economic woes according to the i.m.f. More than 62 percent of the nation's wealth comes from the shadow economy these days in other words the untaxed bit and that is twice the global average the highest percentage you can find anywhere in the world it in feeble Zz the Bolivian government it hurts those. Do pay the Jews and South America girls women Katie Watson has been along to report from one hilltop community. The most impressive way to arrive in the windy desolate say she. Is most definitely the cable car it's part of what's effectively a flying Metro system built by former president ever more or less the Telefonica a little bubbles dotted on the horizon connecting people in and out them which sits at more than 4000 meters above sea level high up in the Andes with a capital past just below in the valley. As you get off the cable car the real and noisy Bolivia hits this city is famous for its outdoor market thought to be one of the biggest flea markets in Latin America. Hey why pretty much anything opposite I can see a car bumper just sitting on the ground waiting to be sold a lot so 2nd hand car parts are just walk down a street selling 2nd hand cars this close the show you watch anything you want to probably buy here is the epitome of the informal economy. And although it's a city populated mostly by indigenous immigrants who've moved from rural areas to find work the buildings here mostly simple red brick and concrete with corrugated iron roofs and many of the women are dressed in full scale there is a pull your hair a bowler hat and the colorful piece of material slung across their back to carry either their babies or their shopping I mean Vilma have you as a woman selling alpaca jumpers under a tarp or in store for you and I and that. People don't come into shopping centers they prefer to just pick up things along the way in the street in shopping centers you have to pay taxes too so he doesn't and we prefer to sell in the street and. Stop reporting here are the like the main step in our distillation process along cable car ride away down into the pass I meet Marcello Solis in the affluent South of the capital he's the commercial manager of master plans distillers of Bolivia's 1st gen made it out to cheat with these guys we have a production of like 2 towels and $3000.00 bottles a month but we never operated on full capacity but then shows me around the distillation unit in their warehouse this small start up the informal economy is one of the biggest challenges in the spirit seen the street 50 to 70 percent of the spirits economy is informal and illegal of course because of the smuggling clan. Factory sort of alcohol some companies with the permission us how does that make your life difficult Well it's very complicated special is mother because you can bring like jeans like Beefeater fired that if you . Like the double or triple or 4 price but. It's like $5.00 less or price so informal economy it's very friendly to especially to local companies it's an issue that impacts not just companies bottom lines that. Actually see the sick voting for. Going for most sector has grown under ever more odd is the former economy is just 15 percent that means that for any government that takes power the economy's unmanageable because most of the population is totally unregulated human Acosta is an analyst and politician is more that is the. Steadily for a country because you can't even promote the issue of industry illustration work with small and medium businesses because they operate outside the state like small family set ups where for example there is exploitation of minors of their own children of women and the levels of exploitation in terms of the working day people don't have rights salaries are below minimum wage that's the norm even children are 5 or 6 end up being part of the business so that contributes to a violation of rights against women children and in no way does it contribute to a stronger economy that can manage resources if you think the population is about 10000000 Well the weight of the economy is being carried by around one or one and a half 1000000 people it's impossible and that's what happens with the informal economy. With such a huge part of Bolivia's economy working outside of law although it hardly feels like a hidden economy in the middle of this bustling market tackling in formality will be a formidable challenge for. I'm a company that has made the heart of its Bolivia look towards fresh elections amid a deeply uncertain economic future. The b.b.c. South America correspondent Katie Watson with that report so taxing issues in Bolivia and countries everywhere these days are grappling with the same question how to fix the informal untaxed economy which we heard described there in Europe Greece has been leading the fight in recent years to get doctors taxi drivers shopkeepers on the straight and narrow to keep a record of their transactions it doesn't always work though I found out for myself in one recent visit. This is. No receipt. How much is this $0.80. They say never received notice if. I have a receipt. Give me a receipt. The expensive receipts she says Well that was Athens a few years ago trust me doing my expenses was a nightmare that year the latest efforts to get Greeks to keep a proper accounting record as now become a proposed rule citizens who fail to produce digital receipts using bank or credit cards for example on 30 percent of their annual spending Greece will be penalized with further taxes the Greek economist Nicholas economy days explains the idea if there is tax evasion it usually happens in cas So the government is trying to tell the taxpayers look we want you to not use so much gas and that will help us create a trail of transactions to businesses so the businesses cannot also abate taxes as well how big a deal would that be well I mean there is a lot of tax evasion in Greece. I would say that it might be as high as 30 percent of national income so it's very very important for the government to reduce the use of cash because the non reported transactions are happening in cash at the same time this is not the 1st year that this thing happens the requirement to provide some kind of receipts for about 30 percent of the income has been there for at least 5 years I would say probably longer it does sound to me as though it's going to be tricky if you don't actually know what an individual's income is because they're hiding their income how are you going to be able to find them which is a proposal right to find people who don't produce 30 percent of their income digitally How are you going to find them if you don't know what their income was in the 1st place. Ok you're going to find them from from the other side and suppose that I am a doctor and I declare that I have practically no income while though I do have a significant income now if my patients cannot claim in cash then suddenly the Greek government will know that although me as a doctor are trying to say I have no income they can add the various electronic payment receipts and say look I'm your income is really really much much higher than what you declare keep in mind that there is a very high v 80 tax in Greece so every retail transaction has a v.a. Teeth acts of 24 percent so there is a lot of potential gain for the seller which he can split with the buyer seller can offer in the buyer all give me cash and I'll give you a 30 or 40 percent discount in 30 or 40 percent is a very significant amount of money on the transaction and people actually might accept to buy that way so the idea of the of the government program is to create incentives for the buyers not to buy with cash will the new measures work do you think. I think there will ultimately this iteration is critical I mean you need to do you really need that access to be paid by a larger and larger percentage of the working population and of the business world has become a necessity this by the loss of privacy Nicholas economy ts of the stern business school in New York bug reason alone hoping to use electronic payment systems as a way to boost tax returns India is pushing for it to Sweden's trying to go entirely cashless partly to promote tax transparency but critics say even if these measures force honesty from individuals they do nothing to tackle tax dodging by big multinationals and the super rich with their offshore schemes and so on many say that growing tax inequality is the root of wealth inequality these days in the us a recent study suggests that thanks to loopholes on investment income the richest $400.00 families in America and now effectively paying a lower rate of tax than the bottom half of households Let's hear from Dominic Frisby once more he's the comedian we heard of the beginning he's just written a book it's called daylight robbery how tax shaped our past and will change our future it's interesting how income tax came to America because it's considered unconstitutional and they tried to introduce it a couple of times and then it got quickly withdrawn Abraham Lincoln introduced it to help fund the northern civil war effort but the 2 world wars and the money required to pay for those wars were what brought high income taxes to ordinary people in the 1942 Revenue Act which was intended to raise money to pay for the World War American World War $2.00 effort was described by Time magazine as the greatest instrument ever created to separate dollars from citizens and there was a lyric by Belin was commissioned to write a song to encourage Americans to to pay their income tax happily and the lyric went I paid my income tax today a $1000.00 planes. Bombardier in their low be paid for and I chipped in I paid my and contacts a day. And never. To be there a. Day. When. It's rather a dark period when you think about it showing the clear link between taxes and word but nevertheless it was $942.00 in war and that's usually the case it's very hard for the rulers to introduce new taxes because citizens tend to vote against new taxes and they tend to be introduced in times of war or crisis and so income tax came to every man in America or in the in the 2nd World War income tax came to the British in the Napoleonic wars and they wanted to have an after crisis has passed is that the tax stays at the same high rate it doesn't come back down again and so those kind of episodes enable government to grow but one of my big beefs and I think it's a common p. Throughout the world is that 50 percent of government revenue in the developed world more or less comes from income taxes which are mostly a tax on labor so it's the worker who plays the vast amount of taxes and if you think if you're starting out in life it want to make something of yourself and you've got nothing the only thing you've got is your labor you have to work hard and we tax that heavy heavily and continuously and then you pay vat and all the other tax on top of that but we don't tax wealth and we don't tax capital we don't tax assets to anything like the same degree and in some cases land for example the landowner actually receive subsidy and the result is we have this vastly distorted society where we tax Labor very heavily and we don't tax capital anything like it's heavily and the result is that society is skewed in favor of asset ownership whoever wants to own a house so I mean what is the answer because famously it's a shift I think that they expect by large to the seventy's Nate. The rich started getting richer much faster than the poor around that time and that has been put down I think a lot to this increase in these capital reserves for certain classes of people who are managing to avoid taxes on those those piles of money for sure one group is paying a lot more tax than another group and we need to get everyone paying their fair share I personally think we're taxed too highly in the West I would like to see lower taxes but I would also like to see a much simpler fairer tax system in the solution for me and there are many that disagree with me is lower rates of income tax if you look at the model that was Hong Kong they taxed at 14 percent of g.d.p. Very low and they experienced extraordinary growth but one thing Hong Kong did have which I would introduce in the West is what's called a Land Value Tax you are taxed on the amount of land that you use so prime city center real estate will see high Land Value Tax and remote farm land with no planning permission to seek streaming low levels of Land Value Tax effectively taxing capital rather than taxing labor and it's a much fairer way of taxing and those people that have doing what's called Lam banking which are they're just sitting on land and not doing anything with it waiting for there's value to appreciate Well you're taxed on that land so either you better start met putting it to good use or sell it to someone else who will and if you think wealth is unequally distributed around the world look at land ownership and land is like the ultimate form of wealth you know 65000000 people in the u.k. The 65000000 acres of land in the u.k. Technically we should have an acre each obviously not all acres are created equal but most people don't even own a fraction of an acre all women or any land they're all renting precisely if you get tax right everything else will fall or taxes how you shape or civilisation and if politicians really do want to change the world then instead of tinkering out around the edges nodding a little bit here and taking away a little bit their serious tax reform really can sort. So many things we need a system of tax that reflects the new digital globalized age in which we live the author and comedian Dominic frisbee with one radical take on wealth and property tax reform there are contrary views on this of course as well I wonder what Gene Autry income taxpayers of yesteryear would make of it or will reduce thanks very much for. My contacts today. Yes. Now witness history with me Rebecca b. Of all the revolutions that swept across Eastern Europe in the winter of 1989 the overthrow of the Cheshire Skewes in Rumania was the bloodiest I've been speaking to a key figure in the lead up to the revolt it started outside his house. Then rest started in Timisoara in Transylvania following the arrest of Pastor Laszlo toca show and talk your shoes an outspoken critic of the government refused to meet with the secret police came to arrest him I did not want to become a revolutionary I could not imagine that we have any chance to defeat the regime but step by step my attitude was that the collide is the cause we had to speak out in December 989 Lazlo Turkish was a young Protestant pastor for the minority hung Garion community in the western city of Timisoara he'd fallen foul of the oppressive Rumanian secret police the securitized say the communists didn't like his sermons or his popularity but when they tried to arrest him hundreds of people surrounded his house in an effort to protect him it was the beginning of the revolution but the roots of the discontent had been years in the making we can characterize those dimes with misery poverty and daughter lack of individual human rights and what about Nikolai Josh Eskew How would you describe him he was a primitive man he was a Stalinist type dictator there were many assisting became more and water cooler in fact Nicolae Ceausescu had a reputation as a monster together with his wife Alaina he ruled Rumania as a brutal personality cult every aspect of ordinary life was controlled abortion was banned but so was contraception. It was even illegal to own a typewriter we were under the total control of for example I had to hide my typewriter nearly everybody surrounding me were spies my bishop was for example a spy of the. I myself all the time I was harassed the lack of trust was terrible between people the church became a Send of peaceful opposition I did not make politics in the church I only tried to express with the words of God that we must all be God rather than Man It wasn't just that he was a preacher. The. He was the 1st man that he ever know who was there to stand up killing the counterfeit of the hater and it did lead to curing as Protestants we had the example of Martin Luther or wrong then the great reform 8. People of resistance against the. Games which are ex gays the will of God identified as a troublemaker by the author it sees Laszlo Turkish is Bishop tried to move him to a quiet country parish where he'd have less influence at the beginning of 989 but took us refused to go he recorded an interview for Hung Garion t.v. In secret calling for change when it was broadcast in July it was picked up by news channels around the world his situation then became very dangerous retired into voluntary acts in my house I did not leave my house at all it was very dangerous to go while would you good to be kidnapped the authorities had suspended his pay and cut off his power lines his wife Edith was pregnant. And the couple relied on food and supplies brought by loyal parishioners for months but change was already sweeping across Europe in November 1989 the bell and Wolf fell one by one communist governments with collapsing or reforming except in Romania on December the 15th favoring his imminent arrest locals formed a human chain around pasta Turkish is house people began to gather around the my church more and more people gather in the crowd more than a 100 mainly ethnic come Garion church members but joining them many more ethnic remain Ians standing in solidarity we were trusting God that He will not abandon us they had to stand up against one of the was dictatorship we were totally united the spirit of brotherhood between or the citizens of the Amenia was food and beauty for. Them something extraordinary happened the crowd went from singing church hands to pantry all 6 sons to chanting for the end of Ceausescu's rule that was the psychological point people began to shout against the regime liberty liberty down the east so see school here I was frightened sincerely to say I were frightened of probable consequences of the brave resistance Nicholai charge who is fighting for his political life in the only way he knows how the violent suppression of any kind of protest the out of me were very who were very violent about 50 people who were geared in a way that was the bloodiest day in the me so I doubt it was the beginning of the end for the use as news spread of the uprising in Timisoara. A wave of protests broke out in towns and cities across Rumania fighting broke out demonstrators attacking the trashiest and supporters for the 1st time remaining here to show their true Ophelia Meanwhile Laszlo Turkish and his wife had been arrested whole we we were interrogated they wanted to phase that I was a spy of the c.i. a And to make a public declaration in the t.v. It was clear for us that we are to be executed daughter or imprisoned 8 it was by now heavily pregnant brutal though the security guards they were her condition seemed to prevent them from deploying the very worst interrogation techniques the officers or that they wanted to separate from me to transport her into hospital but she was very faithful and did not leave me our little daughter which later on was born I think was our angel in that time and protected us in those side turning days when we were prepared for the worse banking being to rest the regime was unraveling and a full scale uprising was under way everywhere the sound of automatic fire no one can be certain which side it's coming from only hardline loyalist troops were defending the Ceausescu's most of the army we're now finding on the side of the revolutionaries but the television station which has played a central part in the spread of the revolution men still loyal to charter school firing at the Army the Army has effectively become the main Revolutionary War thanks to God we had little radio operators and they were informed that the revolution broke out and the Xhosas school couple is in the wrong for actually went underneath Rumanian brothers we come here to the remaining broadcasting. Country me to traitor that the dictator has fallen to let you know that the countries are not poor for one minute thought we did for us on. The poor the spirituality of Christmas was full of hopes Mirek you Lesley they can see the gift of God on Christmas it was the one that I've seen that that was the most joy for the in our food line. Just a couple of days later on the 25th Christmas Day in Romania Nikolai and Elaine a child were found guilty of crimes against humanity they were sentenced to immediate death by firing squad Lazlo Turkish went on to become a bishop and later a member of the European Parliament he was speaking to me Rebecca's be the witness history this is the b.b.c. World Service and this month world questions comes from caressed I am uneasy in Albion remaining as the country marks 30 years since the fall of the communist regime it's now one of the issues fastest growing economies but is still plagued by corruption and rural poverty remain in people tell us what they think needs to change the world questions in bickering best at b.b.c. World Service dot com. And b.b.c. World Service Don't call me I'm Steve Crossman the hurricane takes continues an investigation into the triple murder convictions every been Carter and John artists this week. We meet John and relive the nights if she sings available 24 hours a day one smart film and smart Speaker this is the b.b.c. World Service the world's media station. I'm Roselyn monitor and you're listening to the b.b.c. World Service. Leave already 7 7. This is the story of Judy Garland the final rainbow and I'm here to share that story with you. In 1969 I was the production assistant at The Talk of the town one of London's top entertainment venues Judy Garland was booked for 5 week residency it was an extraordinary time she was a huge Hollywood movie star one of the most famous women in the world 7 this one was gone and a very warm welcome back from London thank you really I think that it's nice to be are enjoying working in this country and joy. And I working here like living in. That Judy Garland the final rainbow after the news on the b.b.c. World Service. Hello this is David Alston with the b.b.c. News India's Supremes Court has refused to suspend a controversial citizenship your which discriminates against Muslims the law enables faster access to citizenship for non Muslims fleeing religious persecution from 3 nearby countries the judges have been considering a number of petitions against the law from Delhi. At erosion the judges have asked the government to respond within a few weeks but refused to stall the act for the time being the Indian home minister I'm in charge has promised to implement the law despite the unrest the law is triggered unprecedented protests in the Indian capital Delhi and across the country with critics saying the law discriminates on the basis of religion in the meantime police in Delhi have imposed an emergency order banning large gathering in parts of the city after 12 police officers were injured in a protest on Tuesday police say they fired tear gas stopped at thousands of protesters threw stones and set fire to a girls in some Muslim dominated areas in the northeast part of the city the border the French carmaker p.s.a. The owner of Persia has approved a merger with fear to Chrysler here talian u.s. Business has been looking for a big tie up for years here's Jonathan Joseph's with combined annual sales of 8700000 vehicles a tie up between Persia and Chrysler who create the world's 4th biggest carmaker the whole industry is spending billions to develop new technologies such as autonomous vehicles and the electric cars that are growing in popularity.