Despite calls for a show of unity the tension and discord within NATO has been palpable standing next to President Trump president McCrum defended his own assessment that NATO was brain dead comments that Mr Trumpet just hours before described as nasty disrespectful and dangerous Mr McCrum was again critical of the Turkish president and his military action against Kurdish forces in northern Syria where the French leader said Turkey was fighting groups that would help NATO defeat ISIS scientists say they have created artificial neurons that could potentially be implanted into patients and used to repair diseased or damaged brain cells they found a way to attach them to silicon chips for medical implants which would require only a tiny fraction of the power of a computer processor Well news from the b.b.c. An administrative court in the German city of Frankfurt has ruled against the federal government in a case concerning arms exports to Saudi Arabia run Mittal a company which makes Ahmed vehicles is understood to have sought damages off to Germany imposed a ban on arms sales in November last year following an outcry over the murder of the dissidents are the gentlest Jamal Khashoggi. The billionaire American entrepreneur Ilan Musk is going on trial in Los Angeles the defamation cases been brought against him by a British cave diver Vernon Unsworth helped rescue 12 boys and their football coach from a flooded cave in Thailand in July last year he's seeking on specified damages from Mr mask who accused him on Twitter of being a paedophile Dave Lee assesses his chances of winning this case it is difficult to win a defamation case in the u.s. However the judge did Mike a decision that could make it slightly easier for Mr arms were to win this case that would decision was to did neuer test of the quest to consider Mr Unsworth a public figure and by doing that it means mistrust lawyers don't have to convince the jury that there was actual malice intended by Mr Musk just that the comments would be damaging presidential you've also Naru has issued a decree to put into private hands 3 of Brazil's national parks private companies will be allowed to run the concessions and will be expected to provide visitor and conservation services for the Parks thanks to the world famous falls shared with Argentina and 2 large areas of sand dunes and beaches in northern visual El Salvador's president says China is to help build several major infrastructure projects in his country speaking after a visit to China naïve bouquet Lay said China would support the construction of a sports stadium a multi story library and water treatment plant other projects are to include investment in coastal tourism sites B.B.C.'s. You. Know making chuckle brigade's it looks like. At this time we are producing and to these are the fresh ones. And what do I feel like can I touch it do you feel the circle because it's there's no need to release. It's 11 in the morning in Kampala Uganda tucked away in a classroom something quite out of the ordinary is happening students are running their own businesses. This group takes entrepreneurship very seriously. Is very key in making sure that our youth. They have the skills to. Businesses so that they can. Meet. Fixing the world. Face is people fixing the wealth from the b.b.c. Well with me. The program where we find the people innovate saying and solving problems around the out this week schools in Uganda students into entrepreneurs but why. I'm on my way to intended complex which is an east Kampala it's about 5 kilometers away from the city center and I'm going to talk to a couple of young people in their twenty's about how use unemployment they are not to employ they don't top the job and they're finding it quite hard to find but so I just want to know more about their struggles and why they find it so hard. Michael Hi I'm red and I see me in my cause. He graduated from university last year so he already has a degree but despite that he's finding it hard to get a job. I've been in pain. Just when you're 12 months. Doesn't it bother you that you managed to get. Level education and still don't have the qualifications to get a job that you want. Makes you feel secluded you're young you don't know what you're doing that's what they didn't you see you don't have the experience right now I would get for that green courts. Belinda has a degree in Industrial Arts obscenely 3 years of unsuccessful job applications she felt she had no choice but to go freelance in the fashion industry. Like you know I do every day to people who are willing to give the job money back to one time and thought I would get a job as soon as I go to compress course I think I was well established I had the everything right. So different what is life if you don't know someone or know someone had to get a job in the field. There and even if the company writes also the kind to keep everyone. Young people like Belinda and Michael a worried and fed up in fact the Uganda Bureau of Statistics says that in 2016 to 2017 that teen percent of young people were unemployed but many more are underemployed or in precarious and informal jobs the last census showed that 3 quarters of the country's population are under 30 and a lot of them turn to plan b. They start their own businesses it's given Uganda the reputation of being one of the most entrepreneurial countries in the world Charles or Chichi is the founding director of enterprise Uganda an institution that works with the government to to. Each business scales in terms of going into private sector and starting businesses Uganda is among the top 3 countries globally which is interesting which is very good unfortunately all countries also again rated but badly in terms of sustenance of starting businesses in the market a lot of startups fail this isn't Uganda specific it's the nature of business but Charles says Uganda has a particular problem sustaining startups enterprises most of them as many as 80 percent within the 1st 24 months of being on the market and this is largely because it's one thing to start an enterprise quite another to round up and operates in a manner that competes that continues to fulfil expectations of the market the failure rate is a problem that Charles says can be solved with the right training the challenge as well has been that we have the response using one bullet one magic bullet which is give somebody some capital give somebody some one out capital in on its own is not a sufficient we need to ensure that as people go into private sector they need to be given the necessary skills. To enable them to prove things that anybody who goes into private sector must fulfill. And that's where an organization called Educate comes in. It's essential enterprise that aims to tackle youth unemployment in Uganda by going into secondary schools picking out a group of students and teaching them to become entrepreneurs. And that's a Dennis a secondary school it's thriving. Breasts. Rather than just encouraging students to hit the books it teaches them the skills to start their own businesses Good morning educate us. Know how to do we home visit Oz on I would like to introduce to you Ray on the team she's there are $41.00 pick students 20 boys and 20 girls squeezed around 6 wooden tables they come every week for yet to lend leadership and business skills Oh. Well yes but in that case it was it. Was outside they play games to help build team spirit it's loud and friendly and brings them together. 010 minutes later back in the classroom where the students are about to begin brainstorming now Melinda is a teacher and mentor employed by educate She says it's important that children shape the businesses around the communities they live in can you tell me what they're doing right now we're looking at token we look at the different problems or challenges facing for example we're meant to do British and. And thinking are looking back so those different problems or how to solve those problems using our different projects to set up the business is so if there's a lot of waste paper around we shall because look to those used the prize fund making products to make them about specialists and every develops such that we would get money out of those buybacks and then also some of the big problems of pollution and environment to distribution. The idea is that if you create a business that solving a problem it's more likely to last and by instilling these scales and ideas in skewed. Is such a young age educate hopes they'll have a better chance of success when they're older Well they're only 40 students are on the selective program there is another way more people can get involved educate also runs much bigger business clubs where the students mix with others and they all work together to build startups. What is that moment in chuckle brigade's it looks like much at this time we are producing and to these are the fresh ones I behave. And what do I feel I can I can I touch it if. You want to produce job well 1st but don't resign you make chuckle but you use the circle because there's no need to cut the trees these briquettes are made from kasama flour and the residue of charcoal that's already being bad can you tell me more about how you came up with the idea as he sat down in class the choice of brainstorming right yes I did but the idea from home I came in about like lessons. Then I took treatment then that men tend to mimic I do face on how to make it to where to be inspired a long period of time then after probably a bad idea excited to pretend to talk like the conference. That. Some students have used but the plan to start businesses on their right and. I started a project that will chip in with this is Katie and a lot of the pupils he wants a salaried job but further down the line he can seem so setting up his own business I started when it didn't ship in the us so yeah but. I grew them up. And so do them and continue to bring in more more and more right I know they know I have more than 100 chickens and are you making a lot of money from it I might make some money but soon it's so difficult those 2 will sustain them when we'd feed signed sick nice enough to feed them up to work and work so. The most expensive 3 of them but to use it for a medical list. Is it something that you think you'll continue wearing chickens and some that if you go continue will be telling tool I want to go in with a ton make a big foam on it she came in I was so what I want a room that you folks when they go I make a foam which will phases of poetry good feeling but I'm really going to make a big phone he says none of this would have been possible without educate our 9 to 20 feet up in the ship's queues I had no idea if I could bring the thing but you tweeted it I was able to start up the project on guys soon successful and it's the confidence this self-assurance has helped get him thrive but he's not the only one who's benefited Adreno and patients are 2 friends who got together thanks to educate and have a business out stayed out of educate make we've got the skills they taught us how to do things then we go to Paris and we find out we have it tied into the deployed team to just form projects not to mention business they collect plastic bottles that people would usually smiles and turn them into ornaments to sell them what sort of flowers teammate. Down lately use brought to us they found out that we can collect that plastic and butter that is also a part of cleaning I have found man then we change them to make them the flowers would go to things making the stuff but people relate to. Educate ask each school to contribute between $50.00 and $130.00 a year towards their costs that's only a fraction of the running costs the rest is made up from donations. I wanted to know what's happened to salvage a case of people's off to the black school and what are the lessons on capital investment profits and losses have made a difference to the businesses that are set up. And how are you. Say this is your home. Jackson is an x. Educate people he went on to university while he met another guy called Calvin could also be true educates program now they were in business together that company is called Rock of God and what is it that you do yeah yeah in for training industry training and we have started this you know 30 years you know you're in this profession when you're running trainings so you're trying to reach out be community outside fabrication brickmaking you have a big king so we're doing a lot of things so one of the exciting projects that. All courses that students take on board is in fashion and design and is it in this compound and no no one truly. Since I need a 15 minutes drive right well let's go yeah let's go. So this is your new fashion and design. Place a place where we have a little space. Why we're located where shops it's going to help us do what we do. And what is this material it's done much to you right what was white in color so I used to and I to make of these the different colors how long have you been doing this will tell you when you were. I want to get enough experience still want to stay with them for the. Jackson's business model to an extent Mimic's educates both fame to scale up the unemployed in Uganda but there are 2 main differences the fast Jackson's clientele students people are paying him for the training the 2nd unlike educate his business is set up to make profit and above all help him and a living he has 8 people working for him and he says none of that would have been possible without educate educate me with. Exposure to me for example how to business. If you get. The redistricting proceed yes that's why this is like this before educated you have any idea what you want to do off the education I wanted to be. Going. To is. As you know there are high levels of unemployment in Uganda and so it's big. Business being my own. Being. Look up to me and. It would seem that educate is having a positive impact on young people but not everyone who goes through the program wants to run their own business even these people can benefit says educates deputy country director Howard in a b.a. That's something we're very aware of and our role is to make sure that as we are creating into printing the words but we also preparing our students with the skills that are required by the labor market other people would love to be employed so if they love to go into employment they given the right skills to be able to much what is needed in the market but also the other thing is that we also want to make sure our students are also still going to school so even if it means we have less interpreting was but we have more students going through education institution and making sure that we're increasing that number that also makes us happy. Educate has commissioned to see what impact they're having they've worked with independent researchers from around the world in 2012 they ran a randomized control trial. Found students who'd been through the educate program were more likely to own a business but it didn't find evidence that it affected the quality of the businesses or how long they lasted and why now had a positive impact on savings behavior and self efficacy that students confidence in their abilities they could identify any impact on financial literacy and business planning. Now educate has commissioned a 2nd da c.t. For a follow up by the University of California back in the Us poor guy is a professor of economics at the university and one of the receptionists well. Educated is quite an impressive. Organization and seems to have very large facts on the lives of adolescents we followed about 2000 students for 4 years we found things like much better able to deal with stress. Conscientiousness and openness had improved their ability to see Munich 8 have improved to negotiate had improved in terms of whether they're more likely to be starting successful business is that nost pool says it's too soon to say he's still following the progress. A large number of them were still in college when we've been back after 3 and a half years we now have we're now going back next summer to find them after 8 years and we expect to find a lot of business creation and there is another area that both pool and the Alyea study found particularly interesting the program has a big impact on go out of them boys and it's not just their ability to stop businesses in and money they saw a significant shift in attitudes. We saw changes in social norms especially attitudes towards towards violence towards women and women's role the men who partnered with women reported that women had should have their own say over there whether they worked or not a website the work they did we found less recorded intimate partner violence in essence I think the way we saw it was what educate did was give these high school students the means and ability to take control of their lives to plan what they were going to do and to execute that not be deterred by temptation I wanted to know if he thought there were any areas where educate could improve one thing that struck him as potentially extending involvement to help people off to the finished education and all setting up businesses they hope with the put them on the family if educate really focused on business creation and management it would have been bad a few of these hard skills into its great alarm and we've been talking with them one of the great things about educating us how flexible and dynamic they are they're always interested in improving and being dynamic to upgrade what they're doing by the sounds of it educates aids helping young people in Uganda and then now in more than 850 schools that had contact with 85000 students that and people are taking notice. So much so that educate has now made its way into Kenya and Rwanda where it's working with the government. Back at Rocket headquarters co-founder Jackson reflects on how far he's come the quality of life for us increased the best ever in life is having people besides you saw in this kind of business we have met a lot of people we're meant. To go visit is we have organization to me that we're having it up to people but when is enough. Given his desire is to make these pretty very big fruited and. One group. But starting with. Would any of this have been possible without educate him truly because even meeting. The one of the hardest visual we it was because of educating so meeting him it was because of a good. Team and this thing wouldn't have existed last educate seems to have had an impact in their lives Charles from Enterprise Uganda says there's much more that can be done to tackle the fundamental problem which is youth unemployment. To put in a more structured. Approach to for a couple of reasons but one we have a population of young people most of these young people are dependent if you. And for them to get out of that dependency one of the they need to follow if you have what a young population you had better get to work getting that population independent if you are working fewer jobs get a way of getting those people to get out of frustration. From people fixing the well this week if you enjoy the program then check out our podcast where you can find lots more episodes one that I like is how Ethiopia is training NASA is to imagine. They've carried out thousands of his daring sections and helped reduce the number of women dying in childbirth by Ha. Thanks for listening We'll be back next week with another solution until then good bye. Now I won the b.b.c. World Service high did Jamaican music become so important in the u.k. The Empire Windrush carried of a 500 passengers from Jamaica to the United Kingdom and with the journey Caribbean songs and music followed 2000. Is the best of all the new series he can bring in West Indian culture into the mainstream music scene in 1950 s. The British public were introduced right in their living room and signifying. British music I mean we're out in the chair with a sound system operator. In the social commentary and without even going to make out through the music he felt like he were written make it from reggae and calypso to roots garridge German bass jungle so me reggae's my family my history and my culture these are British music's Caribbean groups at b.b.c. World Service dot com slash documentaries I'm Gareth Mitchell with technology this half hour here on the b.b.c. World Service today Sierra Leone launches West Africa's 1st drone corridor a slice of space sectioned off for medical delivery driver also the women scientists whose Parker fees have been flagged as insufficiently notable to be on Wikipedia I mean really these are researches who have won awards like contributions to their field so why are they not notable will be asking that and other questions on Digital Planet after the news. B.b.c. News with Debbie Ross a report by the us congressional committee leading the impeachment inquiry into President Trump says there's overwhelming evidence he abused his powers It also accuses Mr Trump of intimidating witnesses and instructing staff to ignore subpoenas the committee chair Adam Schiff said if Congress did not punish Donald Trump it would be as he put it begging for more of the same the White House described the inquiry as a one sided sham process and said the Democrats had utterly failed to produce any evidence of wrongdoing the California senator Kamler Horace is ending her campaign for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination in a message to supporters she said it had become harder and harder to raise the money needed to compete the French president Manuel McCrone has defended his stance on NATO and said the alliance must be clear about is fundamental aims at a gathering of Alliance leaders in London Mr McCraw said that the a new nuclear disarmament treaty and wound of internal divisions scientists have developed artificial neurons that respond to signals from the nervous system they can be turned into medical implants powered by silicon chips that require tiny amounts of energy in future these could be used to repair damaged nerve or brain cells the space entrepreneur Iran mask has gone on trial for defaming one of the divers who helped rescue 12 boys and their football coach in Thailand last year in a treat Mr mask called the man a paedo guy after he criticized the suggestion of using a small submarine to reach the boys in a flooded cave the Brazilian president joy Ableson Ari has issued a decree putting 3 national parks into private hands they include the world famous it was soon full shared with Argentina and 2 large areas of sand dunes and beaches in northern Brazil b.b.c. News. Hello I'm Gareth Mitchell welcome along to you Digital Planet and today lots to talk about including an air corridor for medical delivery drones in Sierra Leone questions about who's notable and who isn't on Wikipedia could cats with fitness trackers give early warning of earthquakes open question and early warning of changing blood sugar levels if you have diabetes that's thanks to smart tattoos lots to talk about we're going to get into it all with technology expert and Boddington this week Hello again Hello I'm looking forward to show you some really interesting items lots to get there we're going to go 1st to Sierra Leone where they've just launched West Africa's 1st drone corridor so this is a dedicated channel of space medical delivery drones one of the 1st health priorities over there is maternal mortality Sierra Leone is working with the international charity the United Nations Children's Fund Unicef and we have now Chris Fabian he's with Unicef innovation venture fund So tell me just fill this out for us a bit more Chris welcome to the program by the way what is a drone corridor. In. The drone corridor is kind of interesting concept for us we try to look at new technologies and how they can help young people and really help the world's most vulnerable populations and we try to avoid any specific technology or gadget when we look at investing in the future so for us the drone corridors and we have 4 of them around the world allow us to work with government and with local start ups to build a regulated air space where we can experiment learn and actually build both the laws that we need in order to inspire new technology for human good but also test out some of the solutions themselves yes I suppose the practical side of this is you can't just go launching a drone with some medical supplies or some vaccines and hope for the best so you need to clear some space and I space set the course in a way for the regulator environment that will then make these drone medical deliveries more of a regular thing. The drone space is almost. Many puns as cats seismologist cats so . Yeah I think that you know we see a lot of governments that we work with and support and partner with looking at new infrastructure how do they get the necessary services out to people who might not be within reach of a good road for example and so in those cases we can actually build up along existing regulatory lines new ways of delivering supplies taking images and doing all the things you might do with a car or a motorbike but do it with a small flying machine I've seen pictures certainly from in Sierra Leone last week it's a fairly hefty looking drone it's a. Right it's got 6 rotas has a thing of maybe use different kinds of drugs but just tell us a bit about the kit so I'll actually step back from that is I'd like to avoid any specific type of drone pretty much in this discussion and say that in these drone corridors we can test out any variety of flying machine and that's really important because we don't want to predispose ourselves towards a certain future where you know the drone with 4 rotors is better than the drone with 6 we want to do is have a space where our start ups these local companies from Sierra Leone or from Malawi can test of our idea of things and we'll see which one works best right I get it but it's one of the say at this stage even just how the supplies would be deployed like with a come down on parachutes or whether the drawing with an Oregon you going to say look that's that's what basically investigating all these questions we're not going to even be specific about that at this stage I'll give you a yes to both so yes we are investigating it in Sierra Leone However in Vanuatu earlier in the year we actually did the 1st drone vaccine delivery and we did that using a drone that dropped these vaccines via a small parachute from about 50 meters above the ground and so there we actually specked out the technology pretty well through our public procurement process and going to them is listening to this yes now I think it's wonderful work and specially because at the focus of the asleep I mean is that to improving the lives of children in a hard to reach places but let's say that that has some attendance he says about children of course mothers and to. To reach them with these very needed medicines and perishables of different types and I'm also interested in it must be creating jobs too because there's training and the maintenance isn't that that drives them Sal's and that must be quite fun job is to get into but also very important jobs and by precise jobs so you need an infrastructure around these drawings which have a specific. Deploying And I think that's the system side that we're so excited about I mean Unicef is an organization 195 countries and one of the things we can do is create opportunities like the drone Academy in Malawi or this new drone corridor in Sierra Leone where we can actually teach the next generation of engineers or air traffic controllers about this technology so that they don't get overwhelmed by external companies coming in and pushing a certain vision of kind of Commerce on them they can actually develop these solutions that fit their markets much better than than we could if we were doing it outside and then use them for other things like malaria spraying or important aspects of course and so one of the companies we're investing in in South Africa has a pretty unique set of solutions and we'll see if they work or not that's why the venture but that looks at using Zeppelins and the sort of lighter than air ships that actually deliver some of these vaccines means that you can't just leave that having somebody. Since the attack but I need to know a little bit about these that planes is one of many possible tech solutions so I mean I think that the idea of our venture fund and our 45 companies that we've invested in has always been to look for local solutions that can scale up to be proper businesses and we've done this in ai and data science and block chain and drones now and what we find is that local innovators are much more creative about how to use the air space they have and what types of needs populations might have and so in the case of the South African company and we'll be announcing these actually this week publicly but in the case of this company for them the airship was the best solution to fit their kind of market and their and their space in Kenya the company that we invested in actually looks at 3 d. Printed drone chassis so they've been printing their own drones because that was their market the best and so each one has its own flavor as being appropriate for the same things as you know what we're going to leave it there but Chris the UNICEF's innovation fence of Funds thanks for joining us. Right now we're going to talk about a couple of scientists now vandalism the silver bulls Army Brazilian chemist elected president of the Brazilian Chemical Society no less Helen Byrne professor of applied mathematics at Oxford University in England awarded a big prize in mathematical biology earlier this year but them as a string of other women scientists are not apparently notable enough to have repeated entries at least not according to one editor who spent Wednesday evening last week adding notability flags against the biographies of these women scientists that have been posted and edited by physics post-doc and Wikipedia just wait he's been on the program before Welcome back Jess can you just take us back to what happened last Wednesday and we should add that you've spent hours and hours now staying up until 4 o'clock in the morning adding Wiki Pedia entries of women scientists were last Wednesday so when you write a Wikipedia biography or when you write any entry on Wikipedia hangs around on the internet for a bit and then it gets reviewed by all that it is they check it out they check that you are neutral enough they check that your facts are correct they whether you've put the right kind of sources in with your citations unlikely lined up and then and then they go make some kind of comment on it say they'll leave some kind of comment to say nice page they'll thank you for your at it but last Wednesday what happened was that one single editor actually took the time to go through a bunch of them some of the names that you've included and other ones that you haven't and systematically notify puts a tag on the top of them saying this person is a notable enough to be on Wikipedia so to make some judgment based on the contributions that these scientists mathematicians engineers have made to society and say this isn't important this is important enough other people to read about yeah and yeah well I was up for a bit of fact checking so I went through most of the ones that have been flagged and in pretty much every case we're talking about a professor somebody who's won an award has contributed to their failed show that there's actually no debate it's the criteria that you have to filter to be able to put someone on Wikipedia in the. This place and I'm quite careful to check through those you know someone who's won a significant award somebody has a name Chad somebody has contributed particularly to their field maybe outside of that discipline so it's all of these different little tick box things that I do mentally when I'm writing a biography that I know I fulfilled so when someone puts a notability tag on the top I'm like You're not being serious this isn't something I'm going to I'm going to actually think you're taking you're not taking this seriously you've got a systematic reason that you know you're trying to make this claim do you know who this book a p.g. In was no he said that's the most interesting thing often with with Wikipedia is anyone any listeners who know who thought about editing you can edit it without logging in so you can just click use your IP address and just make at it so if you if you're on the cheap and you see a typo if you're on a bus and you see something you want to correct you can do that very quickly you can also make an account and then make edits that you can track of the time and and to me as if I could be added to someone who does that is someone who's thinking a bit more seriously about joining the project some he wants to be involved with making Wiki Pedia the best encyclopedia it can be so I take I think I think about user accounts as ones that I take a little bit more seriously but sure that person has just done it without logging in had just gone through actually bizarro once not once in a stream not all of the ones that are most recent pages have gone through and selected ones that that kind of attack I think gone through a lot of effort to do as well so you can in buildings and you were following all this is that yes I was I I followed Yes and I saw it majorly come up and what struck me immediately was that of course whoever's done this didn't check the names because it was done by the 2nd wasn't they were literally tracking them by the 2nd as you know you put them up and then what within 2 minutes he tagged all she typed them all down yeah telling saying he's obviously you know Pedia is a phenomenal platform and we have this great opportunity to share knowledge between people all over the world all different backgrounds and all different understandings but about 90 percent of the editors on Wikipedia are white men in North America Yes So when you see this kind of activity the 1st thing is to kind of has in the back of your next pick up. Think something isn't quite right and the default thing to think is some guy on his own in his pitcher and he's making all of these ridiculous decisions about women's night ability and yet very much for straight at me so we don't know what right thing or no one has even a man but we get we don't know for sure yet now why Kapadia is of course a project of the Community Foundation whose executive director is Katherine Mae her and just before coming on air I asked what was her reaction when this whole issue of the flag women scientists biographies came to her attention you can understand why really it's like it's frustrating women to decide. To remain an adult or hurt to deliberately undermine their work at the same time I think that what the response that we need at least within the week media community was one very supportive of Dr Wade on Twitter where she initially this but from the editing community writ large 1st of all the person who took that activity was a lot of members of our local chapters which are locally organized with media community reached out to say that they want to report her work and want to see more editors like Dr Wade So this is part of a general cultural shift within that we could be editing community to recognize that this sort of imbalance is not in the long term health of a comedian not long term interests of the pre-knowledge mission that we have and since you've been with the work in media foundation in that you've gone out of your way to put money into and support all kinds of initiatives to improve diversity and increase if it's a and yet some people might say well look at Peta itself is now being around what are the best part of 2 decades and we're still having these conversations about a lack of representation of women both in terms of entries and in terms of Wikipedia ins themselves well how you know what's the excuse I don't think there is an excuse when we 1st realize that the numbers of representation of women. Well in this with the p.d.f. Were as imbalanced as they were it the ratio is that 14 percent of biographies are about women meaning that you know 6 percent biographies are about men now that's closer to about 18 percent and trending upward I know that doesn't sound like much you know about 4 percent but that represents more than 70 articles about women being written every single day in a way that starts to really put women back in their history that you know they've been written out so it is a manual process it is every article is handwritten and him crafted so it's going to take us some I'm but it's something that there's a tremendous amount of resources from that we can media nation invested in a permanent local community and as you can see quite a lot of high profile efforts from within the editing unit that's Katherine may have from the comedia foundation and Jimmy Wales fully support what you've been doing there were some comments on your Twitter thread oh you know what Jimmy Wales going to about this but you're actually you're very complementary about his whole role here yeah I think he's very I think their foundation is very I think that the onus is on us right our responsibility is to make this encyclopedia as good as it can be we have the opportunity to rewrite history and to put the people who actually did the work in in the forefront of it and I think that everyone listening to every move rudely can contribute to Wikipedia make it the best platform it can possibly be taken and bought into yes and just be clear for the listeners and at this point in time in 200-1000 the attainment stats for girls are that they're outperforming boys in science and math 6 at tracks so what we really need is to get that balance of equity up front so that the girls have got the role models in Wikipedia to follow through on their science careers Ok well that will leave it going embodies and thanks very much Stay with us but I just might thanks very much for coming in well now a network of cats wearing fitness trackers could be part of an earthquake early warning system what was I thought that's really so I mean I can say work early this week a cow Tech seismologist has given her Twitter followers some pause for thought and a thread. That describes cats but it seats attacked quakes before we take and how that activity could be harnessed across a whole lot of cats spread over a whole wide area the sounds the alerts Well perhaps anyway. Thank you Carol nice Celeste live bads is a dear physics Ph d. Student at the California Institute of Technology the system that I have dreamed up is the pet based Urbin rapid response to shaking so that spells purpose and it is an earthquake early warning system made entirely out of cats and how it works is that you would outfits the cats in somewhere like Los Angeles with something like a Fitbit on their collars and then when a cat feels that earthquake they would freak out and then you could track the pattern of cats reaching out to see where the seismic waves have come from and where they're going and then you could warn people who the seismic waves have not reached yet so the cats having the seismometers here they happen to be especially sensitive date night to the waves that are associated with the earth quakes Yeah people have long had the idea that pets can predict earthquakes somehow but really pets are just a little bit extra sensitive so they can feel much softer vibrations that people can feel and the 1st waves out of an earthquake are usually they're less strong they're called the peewits the primary waves they move fastest out of an earthquake but they tend to cause weaker ground shaking than the later waves the slower ones so someone's cat will feel a very subtle p. Wave and a cat will freak out and then a few seconds later the person will feel the main earthquake wave and think Oh my goodness my cat predicted the earthquake and the cat didn't really predict it they just felt the 1st waves that the human was that too insensitive to feel right so the idea is he would have these fitness trackers attached to the cats and how would you know you. That the so called freaking out behavior was associated with an earthquake because plenty of things would make a cat freak out anyway wouldn't they oh yeah Council go bananas anytime you're spending time around the cat you know that but the idea is the exact same as with real earthquake early warning systems so there are false positives on just anyone seismometer all the time but they don't cause a real earthquake early warning alarm but what you need to really make sure that it's an earthquake when it happens is multiple confirming reports and that's usually multiple seismometers and if one cat goes bananas then maybe just its owner turned on the vacuum but if all the cats are freaking out at a similar time then you know something's up and if you can watch sort of the wave of cats zooming around propagating over space then you know it's travelling like an earthquake wave so yet you reduce your chance of false positives when you look at many many cats rather than just one and it's the same with seismometers presuming all the Fit have to broadcast this back in real time for you to get enough data tonight that there was at quite possibly coming along yet so fit bits can Bluetooth to other devices that are wife I enabled such as a phone or a laptop so you could have them connected to the Internet and 00 feet into a central system which would be basically just like our current earthquake early warning system in California and specifically this is a thought experiment at the moment you're putting it out that you put it out there on Twitter it's had a big response isn't it. Yeah there's no practical plans for my system but it sure is a fun one to think about and that's why I've enjoyed creating it and I think why some people have enjoyed reading it is that it's just some it's some good silly fun that does make you stop and think Hey now wait a minute what made me think that they that Celeste bloodbaths has it made you think taken I'm building Well yes I'm a cat lover I have a cat and. I kept getting too upset by fireworks in various things however one thing I am aware of is that microchip implants legally acquired in many countries now for pets in the U.K.'s for dogs since 2016 We've got 8500000 dogs a microchip so I was wondering whether linking that up with my sidewalk knowledge is a very special Spanish cyborg artist I work we've called Moon Rebus and she has seismic sensors in the front of her feet and she actually dances and makes music to these reactions vibrations that come when earthquakes and there are different levels linked to different parts of the world so I was thinking Celestial to really look at the implant system and see if she can add into that seismic system because it's already in place in many places here because she says herself it may be expensive to purchase trackers on all these cattle exactly I'm going to out way figure it out and as cats don't go jogging with either fitness tracking very very useful other things think since they really don't mean cats the right thank you and I finally monitoring your blood sugar levels if you have diabetes or checking other bio signs instead of relying on drops of blood in machines How about if your skin itself could be the indicator by changing color digital planets Harrison Lewis now reports on the latest technology in smart tattoos. Tattoos have always carried a statement in the u.k. And us they can conjure images of rough sailors motorbike diaries and almost daily down dark alleyways in Charlotte arteries were historically used to mock prisoners and similarly injure Pearn there remains a close association with criminal organizations such as the Yakuza in a revolutionary twist a team of scientists have created a link capable of monitoring one state of health possibly turning the stigma on its head all went down to. The lab at Imperial College London to see the research myself but hand here we have some smart it's that they can change color based on concentration values and as a reward for our. Green ones pink or blue ones Hi My name is resolute what to do and you a piece the student at Imperial College London Rosalie is a public group working on the development of less invasive sensors capable of identifying and monitoring specific diseases or chemical reactions occurring throughout the body in real time her small ink sits just on the 1st layer of your skin like a conventional tattoo and months as the fluid between cells this fluid is capable of acting as a surrogate blood with these think by injecting them in that they are misusing regular to go on we can observe color change all over the skin of the tattoo So for example one of the variables that could be measured by the sink is blood sugar in front of me are the teams tattoo masterpieces that have been drawn on the pix here and there's trying to lose stars floral patterns and they're all capable of changing color dependent on the concentration of glucose around them now if there's too little glucose then the tattoo is going to change to a light yellow and if there's too much glucose present the tattoo is going to turn a really dark green the interesting fact of the civil technology is that there readout doesn't require any electronic electronic components which has often been the robot could have said several wearable until about w.i. Says No none of this would have been possible without the prior computer simulation the team was able to tell when glucose on the go is a variety of chemical reactions it actually has the ability of changing the color of a special crime and chanting die and this di this molecule could be formulated and produced as a tattooing What's more all the readings and calibrations of these color changes were taken and measured on a smartphone to see how much of a difference this research. She could make to diabetics in particular are met my friend Jason our London cafe where he described to me the process he undertakes every day to monitor his own blood sugar levels why do before lunch as I get out my blood testing kits I will test my blood sugar levels and then I'll do my insulin injection I open this that we can't hear I use a Lansing device to prick my finger which draws a little bit of blood from the calories and it's this applied on to the system after a few seconds it tells me what my blood sugar level it's it's recommended that it's done 8 times $8.00 to $10.00 times a day and it's pretty painful when you're striking a loss and vice against the finger and drawing the blood out and it can move these tiny little marks on my fingertips which can eventually need to do since to achieve the fingers I think Jason agreed that small ink could really transform the way in which he moans as his condition and most particularly exciting about his research is already being showcased to the general public I went to South East London to meet the tattooist who is helping to realise small things potential when I say well I like to know something in 10 seconds and you recently invoked the word resilience produced on small things like within the interior lights not when they saw the research that's going on currently in the college Emma tells me the ink was received straight away and start to shops they still need to be tweaked a little bit to ensure this right as people sometimes say she does think it could be important in a different way it's obvious to see the process of tattooing as an art form also mixed in with science I think of pretty change people's perspective on it if you see something that Medicaid is going to help people in the future in summary the team Imperial have created a piece of sensory technology that they believe could actually be used for whole variety of other variables so not just blood sugar levels also dehydration perhaps the presence of disease. Vitamin deficiencies about the opportunities with endless fees transformative tattoos would be capable of assisting patients with life debilitating conditions points of care settings but not only that if they do become commercialised will see the merging of signs with or potentially reducing the stigma associated with doctors that's what I would call a very small think that report from Harrison Lewis sorry there are some smart thing going on boarding so this is tops right into a lot of the research in the practice that you've been doing over years isn't a yes I had your body within the body Absolutely and I think that this whole area of smart to Tousen obviously future to that you know new skins but he has to to survey interesting because they're noninvasive and we've you know I to I look at it implants which are invasive which she can do these things too so I think it is a choice to people if you are someone that doesn't mind that kind of implant idea of invading your body then actually implants like the employee implant might be the fastest way to do this but I'm not at all interested in Cle which is a tiny little implant which is pretty much the same it's easier to the 1st point of carrying out your medical information and it can give various other degrees of stuff about dehydration or diabetes or whatever but actually for many people implants are not on and actually tatoos amazing and this could really go a long way and be very special and they're automatically visible on the body with someone's unconscious was being picked up by an ambulance or something majorly tells those people to something to reach out out so it's still in kind of the skin so they're better invasive yet you know they are better but you're right it is still a bit invasive but it's not right into the body Yes very interesting this whole area of the body becomes an indicator the op Why are signs going to be slacked up yes is yes it is a manly bio signs of all types of blood pressure hydration diabetes glucose little all of that but also for other things like the special plasters which you like to take that can go on the body yes. Point out to military when they're going to poisonous areas and to get back smart plasters lots going on in that space climb Boddington which you look at on going to leave it there so much for that I'm Gareth Mitchell Your producer today is an illiterate and we have more next week see then good bye now on the b.b.c. World Service a new 3 part series meeting teenagers trying to change their world 4 years ago Stubbles began a grade 6 science project it created waves of change in her hometown in Nova Scotia Canada now she's 15 and she's already convinced the Canadian government to start an environmental project which will cost more than $15000000.00 Canadian dollars vacates a role writes at b.b.c. World Service dot com. 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