This is prime minister Joseph must Kurt said nothing as he drove away from the emergency meeting of his official country residence Mr muskets position was hanging by a thread following dramatic developments in the past 24 hours in the investigation into the murder of Daphne Currie while the glitzier 8 on Saturday police charged Walters richest business spend you're going Fenech with involvement in her murder he had close ties to several government ministers and to the Prime Minister's own chief of staff police and Hong Kong and fired tear gas to disperse thousands of protesters who again took to the streets to maintain pressure on the territories Beijing backed government at the main rally people wave posters reading never forget why you started Britain's prime minister Barr is Johnson has been defending his Conservative Party's record in the face of questions about why a convicted terrorist an early release from jail went on to commit Friday's deadly attack in London he blames the automatic early release of a man can on legislation dating back to a previous Labor administration but he failed to answer why a Tory led government had not changed the law in the past decade the leader of the opposition Labor Party Jeremy carbon said more money must be investment when those public service is a cut back as they have been during the past decade of a star at 80 they leave behind huge gaps and that can lead to missed chances to intervene in the lives of people who go on to commit absolutely inexcusable acts you can't keep people safe on the cheap world news from the b.b.c. . At least 70 competence are reported have been killed in Syria and the past 2 days of fighting between government forces and armed militias in the last major rebel held region of a limb is the most intense battle there since a Russian brokered cease fire was implemented 3 months ago parliament in Iraq has accepted the resignation of the prime minister Abdul Marty it comes after 2 months of anti-government demonstrations during which more than $400.00 people have been killed and thousands more wounded Mr Abdul Marty submitted his resignation after violence intensified last week in the south of the country when the security forces continue to use live ammunition and tear gas against protesters the NATO Secretary General Young Stoltenberg has defended the alliance 2 days ahead of his 70th birthday summit insisting that it remain strong agile and very active his remarks to the b.b.c. Came weeks after the French president a man a woman Crone said NATO was suffering from what he called brain death because the u.s. And its allies weren't properly coordinating with each other since he took office President Trump has regularly accused European members of not spending enough on defense Mr Stoltenberg said European countries would start paying a greater share present ramparts a point to our staying u.k. As a point stating clearly that also allies who are spending less than 2 percent should invest more in the phones the good news is that that's exactly what European allies are doing and they do that not to please President Trump but they do that because it is in their own security interest to invest more one of the world's greatest conductor's Latvia's not as young thousands as died it is home in St Petersburg at the age of 76 Marysia Anson's had long 10 years as chief conductor of the top orchestras in Oslo Munich Amsterdam and Pittsburgh winning over musicians and audiences alike b.b.c. News. 1 is that there's more to. This media. Runs on. The it was. July 9th. In June 1948 in homage to his impending arrival in Britain Aldrin Roberts began composing lyrics to London is the place for me it's a clip so that eventually became part of the soundtrack chronicling the history of Caribbean migration to Britain after World War 2. The migrants came at the invitation of the British government which was facing a labor shortage due to the destruction caused by the conflict a cruise ship called the Empire when Rush carried almost $500.00 passengers from Jamaica to the u.k. Including Lord Kitchener a calypso singer from Trinidad by chance a local newsreel company filmed him sing in London is the place for me as he got off the ship to live in London that you already come. In there in very. Good. Morning 2 My name is young we're a reggae sound system operator in the u.k. I'm also a d.j. Music producer and some of the historic sub legend just shack up. In this special World Service documentary I'm going to tell you the story of how people like my grandparents in the wind generation literally brought their music with them and how it. Change Britain for ever. When I. Sing it nothing really sure. Before reggae music Caribbean music meant Calypso it was the official soundtrack of black Britain in the 1950 s. And early 1960 s. . I started my journey by talking to composer. Alexander the Great about how the Beatles were influenced by a Calypsonian and how the b.b.c. Played its part in introducing clips of music to be u.k. So it was big in England because came to England and there was work particularly in London and Manchester they seem to be and also but in Liverpool and I'm not going to make the link here and I will stick my neck out when I got to stick my neck it's a well known fact the Beatles were seriously influenced by his name was Lord Woodbine otherwise known as Harold Phillips at the age of 14 he stole his brother's possible and came to Britain and joined the r.a.f. So he was 17 he flew for the back to Trinidad and he came back on the wind rush and he went up to Liverpool way been billeted before and he ran a club called the Jacaranda to which Paul McCartney and John Lennon used to regularly come and he would teach them to play Pan and they would ask you about 7th chords and how to make different moves and all of. A night. It was his life. This. Morning in the fifty's it was so popular it really was really popular that the entertainment industry was worried about rock n roll once Rock Around The Clock and come out and then president came out in $56.00 with this stuff they were worried that the whole of the teenage world of beeps. Seriously corrupted by this new music so he really tried to sell calypso music that wasn't going to make their kids go crazy but it didn't work dynamic and called the. Big game a high commissioner. An interesting thing is the b.b.c. In the 1950 s. In fact late ninety's and into the early sixty's they had a guy called so I grant famous Act In fact it was an r.a.f. Hero had been shot down in Holland he'd spent 2 years as a prisoner of war he went on a show called tonight with Chris Mitchell movies as a news show about 6 o'clock in the evening 6 30 in the evening on b.b.c. Was only b.b.c. One at the time b.b.c. And i.t.v. And he went on and used a roundup of the days of the week's news in a short short clips of. India Bristol Well some of the places you'll be hearing about will see that here 1st of all from high ground and it was very very effective because the great British public there must have been quite a lot of them certainly more than 10000000 who would have watched this show and would have seen this very good looking black with a guitar singing the news. So that's in the British public were introduced right in their living rooms in a way in a way they may never have done unless they went to clubs and things like that so as before and the most of the places would have been the big metropolises you know London and say I just pushed my morning to you know you really. Feel Right now I think between. A. Click some music wasn't just became Britain it was big all over the world according to legend there would be j. David what again a man who fell in love with Jamaica music in the sixty's and still has a reggae music show on the b.b.c. We're here in London at the b.b.c. Headquarters in the u.k. And I'm here with Mr David wrote again how strong an influence was clips of music in the fifty's was very influential and I think we have to point out that. Harry Belafonte was the 1st man to sell a 1000000 records on an album is a Jamaican was born in Holland but reared in Jamaica and then went back to Holland and then eventually made an album of which there was famous songs on there such as we said a miss a day to lighten we want to go home work. Is that. Calypso was very important because the whole essence of Calypso was the fact that these Calypsonian singers were reflecting what was happening in their society be it in Trinidad operators wherever and of course there was collapsing as into makers for. The clips the music brought by my kids to the u.k. Show that there was a market for Caribbean music soon. And record labels will find an artist to bring up to Britain. A perfect example of this was Island Records this label late to sign Bob Marley and 2 tomatoes but their 1st big success was a teenage girl called Millie Small who was brought to Britain by Islands found out Chris Blackwell in 1963. When I was Orenstein he said and I've worked for Trojan records for the last 25 years and I started listening to Jamaican music in the sixty's and joined charging around Actually $0.99 for each time I've stayed with the company as the Jamaica music consultant putting together releases writing books United I've done it the mainstream introduction to Jamaica music in the u.k. Was really my boy lollipop I'm really small she came over from Jamaica in the early sixty's and recorded the track in the u.k. I was amongst the 1st Jamaican Afro Caribbean artists to have commercial success outside of the effort Caribbean community my body public a huge hit and got massive radio airplay was a massive hit number 2 in the u.k. And a big hit all around the world so that this is the entry point for most people of known Afro Caribbean heritage to discover music from the Caribbean. A. Number of Jamaican artists came over in the wake of many small was huge success people like the route is the pyramids number of August and they played a mixture of sky and soul within the u.k. And help spread the whole sound out of Jamaica scar started off from the Jamaican sort of gets high relief came from sound system culture and that was. In the late fifty's early sixty's there were a number of hugely influential Jamaican produces such as to create and coax an adult and they would carry their sound systems around on the back. Trucks around Jamaica playing originally American army on the sound of r. And b. That was most influential or most popular amongst my can audiences was American rhythm and blues with a certain style people like Roscoe Gordon Fats Domino were particularly popular a lot of their records emphasize the backplate and that would develop into scar by the early sixty's. Maybe voting his passion for Jamaican music was sparked as a youngster when he watched many small perform her hit on the Ready Steady Go t.v. Show how did you find very gave me secluded work in music find you which one you found me as a teenager in the summer of 67 I was blown away by this new music from Jamaica which was called ska I'd heard snatches of it in 6465 with blue b. The classic everyone knew because it's a pop Smash which was my boy lollipop for Millie I remember when my father was buying records I saw this the new believe it sound on posters with Laura Lake in what was the 1st reggae record you've got is the 1st record I purchased with the name reggae on it was do the reggae spelled r. e a Y on the big shot label by the mater else I mean I remember the 1st record I bought it was Telstar by the tornadoes and that was I think in 1962 the 1st album was definitely club scar 67 that was the album that if you didn't have that album is like you know what planet were you from and so many people had that album and that album reflected the fever and enthusiasm and passion that everyone had for this music the king of scale music was Prince Bastar legendary record but he said Dennis but for me in the sixty's Prince Buster was out in a big way Prince Foster was like the guard father of talking on Sky One of these pieces where he takes the 10 Commandments rewrites there's quite funny Commandments man. Man she would be inspirational. Words Boston. But. People were back time I think it was this new reggae for it's very much singers like those we're back to it's and tomatoes Jimmy Cliff all these people started surfacing on the new label brought by Chris Blackwell to La and this was his new reggae in England label the record label was called Trojan. Sleeping heads. Remount can be a bit whole oh yeah. Get me many of the Pioneers a black music in the u.k. With the producers working behind the scenes they didn't become famous but quoting to Lawrence came honey set they made them up island started up in the u.k. And not when I came be tried in the basement of what I came to drive it was a little studio and it was the 1st studio it was actually are owned and managed by someone of our Caribbean descent and someone who's been largely overlooked in the history books and his name is Sonny Robinson he went on to foam and manage over time records Sonny was a pioneer and help people such as dandy and the mob elves and a number of u.k. Based Jamaican acts get their music for called it in the late sixty's numerous other producers of Caribbean descent made their mark on the British music same law sheets or trojan records that people like Joe Singh clad as Brian Webster showed up who began their musical apprenticeships working in record shops selling Jamaican music and league up close Music City record shops and they later became in-house produces as a coast a dandy and dandy Livingstone the name Robert Thompson he was the 1st African or being a producer who lived in the u.k. To type reggae into. The main stream went his production of Red Red Wine by Tony tribe the u.k. Charts in the summer of 1969. For Jamaican musicians coming over to England the experience was overwhelming one successful act with David and so Collins who had a huge hit with double barrel. And the Magnificent. I'm shocked it was so. Slow. And. My name is Trouble star guitarist from Kingston Jamaica and I'm a Muppet Dave announcer Collin band and hi hello my name is Dave Barca Ok Dave Collins you know and what I tell you we're here right here in kind of a street you know shop so might yes there you know it's nice to come back to Carnaby Street after all the time I feel a bit emotional going back to the were in twenty's here we used to race you know the 1st time it came to the days men will land it him and we will brought Stewart to kind of a straight they were into it and it was amazing the people was excited to see you know meet in us you know the bunch of drinks made us feel alone and we danced everything was a phone man wonderful you know and this is where all the musicians and artists you sang and you know it was good to see some of my friends and was here before us the pioneers there were here as well you know days Monday so when we came up it was like oh man actually this was the 1st black club so we didn't have much places to go you know I mean safety is just it's very emotional for me you know. It's good you know you're talking about he's to give a note I was you know over getting up in age you know I mean the kind of set the pace of the music scene you're here because you know the reggae music was just coming from the disco on a rock stage you know so when the record Come on each year it was like well you know I mean a table where we go the place I remember in a road block. Was so nice I was amongst a group called the sensations Johnny Osborne and guys like that and one night we were on West Street and the phone rang insight wisdom rushed and got the call came back out looking very excited said to was God. That was a call from Trojan England on the cell that we need to jump on the plane like now to come to England because the barrel is on its way to the number one slot. On the ground you know. Thank you very much. For stopping the pub so you you know when I came up I missed the Top Of The Pops show you know you were down one series of Top Of The Pops with some different guys and some of that now from Jamaica it was a very very strange experience for me because coming from Jamaica simple reason why when we were rushed to the b.b.c. To appear on top of the post when we were called out to do test runs I was bumping into guys like Rod Stewart Cliff Richard all the other people who have said what is this real you know am I really here I know it could a long story short it was a wonderful experience but I must say this I was extremely nervous but in a nervousness I was still very very excited the success of the Barrow was built on its appeal to the white working class chief in the u.k. Particularly among those who call themselves skinheads now the term is associated with right wing politics and racists but the original Skinheads were all about fashion and love black music. Laurence Kane honey set sees the music as bringing to give a different communities it was really reggae that proved vital in ending the rift between black and white teenagers and sort of a cross pollination sounds to the charts really it was Trojan at the time was promoting reggae in the late sixty's and it was at that time really but you had the most time lightly a group of people from white background championing reggae in the u.k. And they were the skinheads and really the 1st group of skin as the 1st generation of skinheads the come along they were the fashion kind not the fascist kind and they were very much into my community can really it was a mingling of cultures in the light sixties really that had a profound influence in terms of multiculturalism that would later follow it was from that time that reggae started appearing in the charts thanks to their buying power. Don't. Listen to music was breaking through to the pop charts but for the windlass generation and their children their musical culture was separate from the mainstream and it was based on local record shops that sold the hottest something to make up and the local sound systems that played the house parties and then they were specialist people who were bringing in the records from the Caribbean from Jamaica maybe like packings who had his records before but this record store was servicing mainly sound systems and they refused people but you were they were because they were a little bit more expensive than ordinary released records but they were free release records there were imports this kind of how make reggae what reggae is around you up. I went to visit but they were taking his records and awards winning record labels here in London. Tell me how he's continuing the legacy of his father George Pickens Price who established the business as a record dealership in 1960 George was the 1st person to bring the Jamaican sounds to me like it. So here Pickens records thought so. Tell us about that in person just not that they told price they grew up in your Maker of all the great producers of today so we're talking about you create cocks and dog me Barry proved Buster that the sound system is too big sounds on the island Cox and you create your Cox and who's the pioneer of Jamaica music in the studio one that came in 96 the 1st presence of an informant you're making music in England it's a hub of Studio one you can only buy studio one from picking for and for. Specialist record shops were crucial in spreading music from the Caribbean to the u.k. David Rohde can tell me more about record shop culture at that time record shops were cleaned of sound systems really because the census of the had in there was amazing when you got home you put the record but in some others in the shop you want to take it back I think I got marked off as some screw up in the sound system with a room in the shop where the room you're in a friend or your daughter as you get at home you put it on your own temperance on his. Own so shots are sound systems to. D.j. Elaine Smith was one of the 1st wave of u.k. Female black deejays she went on to present the B.B.C.'s flagship chart show Top Of The Pops in the early ninety's this was decades off the pioneers like many small and David and some Collins had appeared on the show d.j. Lane told me how her mum used to buy her music from record shops embrace the market she wanted to be the 1st in our area to get the latest Jamaican songs she didn't want other people to know what they were well when I was growing up but I remember my mum plane a lot with the scar rock steady you know that many small ones I love John whole cherry baby was played a lot more music. Yes definitely more than my dad it was my mom my mom used to buy 2 records every single way from Brixton market and I'm pleased to say that I still have quite a few of those 7 inches and she thought she was some sort of sound system because when you look at her 7 inches she's crossed out the names because she complained that the woman next door used to come and copy her title so she crossed out the names. Whenever I look back at my childhood we had a life style that was all ours the way we dress at the way we party we still had a lot of our parents in us from the christenings So we still had the traditions of our parents and we still loved our parents' music but we were raging against the system so a lot of us much to our parents' disappointment to con the rest of Farron movement you know the main We weren't even Russ' we just jumped in and out of it. You're listening to b.b.c. World Service Radio in the 2nd half we're told the story of how the children of 1950 s. With the Indian migrants made their mark on music they even made their mark on politics with movements like Rock Against Racism that emerged in the 1970 s. In reaction to the rise in racist attacks on the streets of the u.k. . Also look at how multi racial groups emerge from the in the cities of England to dominate the charts of new versions of reggae and scare that they had heard while growing up. This is the b.b.c. World Service where each week 4 big name musicians discuss what matters most to For me reggae's my family my history or my culture I'm no Mauria a d.j. I'm Rick a sound system operator it permeates through a lot of the music so a lot of rap rap music came from the reggae and then you know what you got dubstep then you got regular touch. That's British music's Caribbean roots off the news. B.b.c. News the United Nations secretary general is warning that the planet is hurtling towards the point of no return and humanity has to end its war a nature until new terrorist made the comments in a speech ahead of this week's climate conference in Madrid he described attempts to reach greenhouse gas emissions targets as utterly inadequate and said he expected a clear demonstration of increased ambition at the meeting M.P.'s and motors governing party have unanimously back to the prime minister Joseph most Gunt he's been facing mounting calls to quit with a Mediterranean island nation in turmoil over the 2017 murder of the journalist that Nick ironically Syria the man accused of masterminding the killing has been linked to the prime minister's office police in Hong Kong have used tear gas against thousands of pro-democracy protesters they'd taken to the streets to keep up pressure on the pro Beijing authorities Sunday saw demonstrations around Hong Kong but without widespread disruption or disturbances local authorities in the Democratic Republic of Congo so 14 people have been killed by suspected Islamists in North Kivu province there the latest casualties in a surge in violence since the Army started an operation to combat the democratic forces a jihadist group operating in the area bordering Uganda parliament in Iraq has accepted the resignation of the prime minister addle Abdul Mahdi there have been 2 months of anti-government demonstrations which have seen more than 400 people killed and thousands wounded Britain's prime minister Boris Johnson has been defending his Conservative Party's record in the face of questions about why a convicted terrorist an early release from jail went on to commit Friday's deadly attack in London Mr Johnson blamed the automatic early release of those man can on legislation dating back to previous Labor administration b.b.c. News. Welcome back I'm young we're on b.b.c. World Service Radio. We're going to look at how sound system culture was brought to the u.k. With the mass immigration of Jamaicans in the 1960 s. And 1970 s. For those that may not know a sound system is a large scale discotheque which can be transported around the globe My father just Shaka has been operating his route to reggae Jamaican sound system since the early 1970 s. And by the end of the decade he had a rapidly gained a larger loyal following thanks to the combination of spiritual content high energy rhythms and his dynamic personal stuff. My father used to play his sound system at house parties our kind of people which were Jamaican people we didn't have places to go there wasn't any radio stations playing our music there wasn't much for us so we had to create our own community we'd have D.J.'s rappers and singers in these health parties maybe the female of the house running the bar in the kitchen and you would have the party plus 2 floors in your bedroom and in your front room later need the centers the town halls and even concert halls became the place for our music where artists such as Maxi priest or general Levy got their big break. Well I followed in my father's footsteps to create my own sound system linking young people to the heritage of the regional sound system culture which came from Jamaica and the Caribbean English d.j. And record producer Ronnie size talks about growing up listening to sound clashes and how the film bubble up introduced into sound system culture I remember growing up we used to get these tapes and these tapes use to come from London it was to sell systems. It was like a circus and there was sex and there was there was Josh shockers Well of course you know I wouldn't you shop it was special it didn't have the mc Chuck was just strictly baselines loose music and you know windows shattering music but Saxon of course and they had the mc and these 2 sound systems where the heart of London they were where happen this is where it all came together you hear them cash sound cash sound cash I remember watching this film called and this film changed my life by being on the sound system it was a group of black guys each person would have their role in south system and they would hire a van and they would build the speakers and they would take them to anywhere which they could and they just play sound system all night long. Show us what we want to do my most memorable night ever since I was too young to go out and sit in down the home and listening to David Goldberg and verses. And this is live on the radio it was the maze in the event it was this clash of all crashes there was a certain point in the clash where David Baldwin just draws for this one Sheen by Wayne Smith called slang Tang and baseline comes in road with. Great. Kills him you know for a day we both are going to go to Jamaica and go on the own turf and to play against these guys and so when it was incredible it was the best school to ever go to for someone like myself down. Another music star who grew up with sound system culture with patio but until he didn't just get his love of music from sound systems he got his name by name. England at the age of 8. Or 8 I started. Listening to you. From Jim Baker. Was actually I mean. People used to come about and. I was a. Kid listening to music I was actually a security. Other teams were illegal so I was to look. A guy that's how I got by. Night. Up to. Productive burgers in the seventy's was interested experience we just came you know the worst there were a short attention being there. For me I guess. Where the police were hostile and national. Michael Reilly of reggae band Steel Pulse thinks the heavy bass of the sound system stop change British music works then has reggae and bass inspired music impacted the music industry Jamaica music changed the sound of music production changed the how we listen to music that is the equipment we listened to music on it changed our tolerance for low frequencies because initially music was produced for radio it's mid-range it changed how we gauge with music within a space because it's an outside mega disco if you like this brought inside because of the climate in the u.k. So then that basically gives another take of certification to the sound system obviously playing this music on a loud discounted deeper level other than the radio sound system production that is music is produced for sound systems when played on radio sounded completely different and for a long time there were winding out the bottom end on radio to place it back into a spectrum audio spectrum that they understood but what they also found is that people saying actually that song sounded really great on a radio. How was it produced and they didn't really understand that it's produced from being played outside. Your speakers sound system sector. Without sound system there'd be no reggae according to one of the major British writers on music you know at Bradley I had a b.b.c. Headquarters interview in good a good friend of base coach out whenever it came with case. It was this interface between the producers the consumers of news and it was almost a democracy you move to a truck crowd so therefore you need to then tell you things you need to satisfy the crowd you've got what you need to give them what. The same time you need to extend them a little bit you need to move them in a certain direction but beauty of the floods of a sound system and so you have a series of Marketing me so video conferences and as to what record you released and then it gets released an informant starts. Friday off to know you played you know down Friday evening and the crowd are true for away from your work and they're going to tell you. If you'll never do another record again if you're religious so by next Friday be in the shops you'll cut off. So you can't get anything moving quicker than or being in contact with its audience it's like this is what you're doing this not a bunch of course you know turning table which is what he was. About sound system doesn't mean very crucial in reggae music if it need to be that it's own system and also with those assumptions that there's there's absolutely no way of getting away from every single development in record numbers of system. In 1950 to one of the pioneers of reggae Bob Marley came from Jamaica to London to record catch a fire returning to record Exodus and high up in 1977. Pop Song Julian told me about Ricky culture in the seventy's and his father's legacy. Being Jamaica being the house where the music so basically the creation of again music stems from Jamaica it's such of a cultural thing because obviously when you go to England you're surrounded by. Caribbean island and you know different people there was so for me give time for those early settlers of the Caribbean people coming into the u.k. In the fifty's. Their college their music. To me my ballet is my university of music but I study you know exactly go to school is the School of Music for me you know and then opening up the door from there then you start to listen to it sing as you are listening to jazz blues from. You know but 1st musical Ellison is. Reggae music means not bowing to any oppressed and getting things together as a people you know universally so called Shop to mean a seventy's a vibrant when it comes to the reggae music you know a lot of positive things happening in Bob Marley IP the touch of. English regular will be embodied England you know as well basically live a few doors down from we're actually very rooted in that culture. The group that lives down the road from Chile Mali as 11 of put Since most important breaking a band then lead singer which brings me forth I think in the u.k. Reggae music blues generally the sound system there were a lot more clubs that you could go to and. Hear reggae music I remember in the early days in Harrow where several times I would watch Toots and the maid tells all the pioneers some good friends of mine were the same runs and I travelled a lot with them up and down the country in a van another place was buttons in Cricklewood Broadway the the Trojan all Jupe thin no more lots of different sound systems with common you you would listen to Wall of this music also in those days we had a situation where you would have a band playing but it would be the sound system and the group would probably use $212.00 speakers and normally when the band got on it just didn't have the same power that the sound systems did and this was one of the things that I think has what were the 1st to do to take p.s.a. But suddenly you had like a 100 watts of p.a. Kicking out and they have to stand back. We were singing about the things that affected us what we would go in through and in the early days obviously it was the black situation we were all young black British born young men and later on I think during the times of the 3 day week the coal strike when things started to really change I think in the u.k. We started to find that people came and said I can identify with what you're saying you know there was that's the time when people started not to be able to just come out and find an apprenticeship and just go straight into it things started to get more dark in the u.k. And then after a comment that was made by a well known musician they started Rock Against Racism rockets racism gave a platform for all everything to to have a voice and I believe that that was one of the building blocks of where we are today because it meant that 50000 people who would not have listened to reggae be. Suddenly now in the same place and listening to a bit of reggae and then listening to a bit of this and I like that I can I can go with. The music in this. Case. And we're. Not against racism broke down barriers but one thing it couldn't do was stop the racism experienced by young black men and women growing up in the u.k. Michael Riley of legendary bare minimum reggae band still powerless I grew up in a house with as did the other members of the band and we grew up as 1st generation black British born individuals which meant that the experience of being Jamaican once removed was reinforced by our parents who as a community were all mass it was a very tight Jamaican community where the culture of Jamaican if you make it is it was strong that came with the music. That came with politics came with the experience of being black and being British but the complexity of being 1st generation black British so we assume tenuously Jamaican hardcore but we're born in Britain so we are the generation that grew up with that identity crisis are we more Jamaican are we not British. But there was a reality growing up in the seventy's which was you're being told you're not British by the state by the government by the police the ban represented that Identity Crisis and realising through reggae music that we have to stand up because we have to fight to discover who we are and then fight to hold on to what we were and so that came about and realizing that we were not going to talk about you make it because we don't need you. Ok except through the music so we embraced British experience and said we have to put that into the music. And. Many of the bands growing up at that time were Michel some black and white you the specials you before to the English Beat they all took to make music and we made it . In Birmingham reggae singer Patti Bantam was part of that scene for 17 what was interested growing up to. Give the 2 tone front there were black and white musicians during the seventy's it was a time when I was 'd just leaving school and become the go early because of musicians at the same time they were great like steel poles Be sure to English be used and turned out of time out to 'd shoes and just take any opportunity to get noticed 'd I member English people say that it polls we just up the road from and what was interesting that I did tell it this just before it was 'd going to well I managed to get to college just just in time. For it started so I was the last one on stage once I would. Be just me and ranking right you're READY invited me over to his recording studio and we ended up recording the song too and . Also during this time a few before too good you cry because the chops and Ok who are going on about the cool factor it and gave great pride to the local cross to cover just seeing all the rock fall you know. The. Trust of. The new generation wasn't just breakin into the charts it was. British reggae music it was different from the Jamaican reggae because it was far less connected to west a fairy Unism and as the name suggests it was more romantic. Then it was one of the creating the style when he helped set up a London based record label. Some trucks that come on the jointer of Lovers Rock of course Louisa. Brown sugar and the ultimate and some of that is a song by Johnny city. One side I had constructed this song gave I then tried to find a singer who could hit that very hard I approached to say would she sing that tune and she said yes and you know the rest is history reggae to a top of the chart position in the u.k. And cake the 1st female reggae vocalist to top the chart. Music right from. She's been felt so pro-choice it's been distinctly black British That's pretty didn't want to be just like them so I think. He created something that was from among. The people so you didn't stop and to me. And still. Not the Supremes stuff so she was bringing to the pottery and shape. Trying to sound dramatic but. Stuck to a bubble of people crying about the so actually the sounds were across the stones from a representative of the sun something that comes out of a student group still I don't believe it was a deliberate process but once you're up with. The opportunity of record. Something grabbed. It wasn't just successful in the u.k. It crossed back to Jamaica with artists like Gregory Isaac. Brown was known as the crown prince of reggae I spoke to his daughter the singer Marla Brown about how far and her upbringing in London I didn't know the play over my dad's tie to quote unquote until he passed because my dad was such a humble ground man and music was something that he loved but he died when I was 12 so I didn't understand the extent of his contribution to the industry until now I really want to know why our schools many people think if you are like so you see a son or daughter of then that is your biggest influential parent it will be a simple but like you said one life well I don't like it that my dad is just not that kind of like you're going to get that year because it was his 20th anniversary right into life form and I was told people it took me 10 years to accept that my dad had gone but there's always certain songs I draw. When I need to speak to my dad so it is just I don't I it's bigger than the musical influence to me this is the way of life so in your in your household what kind of music would be played what was the vinyl collection what's the take collection What do you remember. Yes I did days of music predominately reggae. And my mom and dad are very conscious yes I love dark Plus I love. River passion I love God Yeah I love your dad to see. How do you think making music has shaped the musical genres that have obviously come forward now if you go I think reggae is the foundation you know it's Africa it's our home the music so it derives from somewhere and from our people and you will find people globally so wherever you go ever will be influenced by that it goes to show how heavily regulated influence is on us as a people and also as a message specially where the world is changing so much now and people are wanting to know their roots and their culture so now that you've obviously you've come from reggae you got all of these different in from and says When would you say would be your 1st reggae session or sound system session or that's that's part of the journey there and doing it I remember when I 1st went to Jamaica and we had a street party and I'm sure the director and I bowed on the my. 1000 BOEs out which was really nice it was fun it was like a playful thing so when you do want forget music the necessary for home yeah of course and it's kind of like the underdog because it's not commercial Ok so I find that a lot of people are trying to be a bit noisy you know I mean I like what is it let me listen in and when you go to festivals I've done a lot for festivals in various different countries and honestly it's like they're lifted and that's what made even as a kid supposed to do it takes you to new heights and I find baby talk about it's not foreign to me it's just it's almost like a fantasy that I see and I feel blessed to be a part of. By the 18th British brigade could produce songs that could sell millions around the won't Pass the Dutchie by musical use hit number one in 1982 and went top 10 in the state. The dodgy on the on no back to some school kids from Birmingham their lead singer Danny Seaton told me the story. Back in 1982 when we released the single we've got to go back to school so we didn't want to tell our friends so we set about telling them because it might be a failure might be a flop then the charges to come out on the Tuesday but that afternoon with the singing that got to number $26.00 and it was a buzz around the school and it was his history blah blah blah and then we'd left to go to London week later single went to number one on the dance to the record company they were shocked because they thought and I was coming in at 55 when he went in at 26 and when it went to number one they were caught on the back foot. And all pandemonium just broke loose We then went driving to venue as we were flying from London to Newcastle so that was one. We didn't believe that we were number one because we're told at 10 30 in the morning and the chop don't come out till 1 o'clock in the afternoon and we have to go and listen to the radio to get. Their results and then it was just like I can still remember the tingle down my back of my neck from hearing and now number one music to you. Just. So we're here in Birmingham Birmingham is it for me that of reggae music because we've got so many artists that branched out alongside music even before so you've got the likes of maybe 40 band to Apache Indian the beat even though it's a bit more sky and still pulse even then he spent a lot of time in Birmingham we know him as Blackbeard we were nominated for a Best Newcomer Grammy in 1903 and we were alongside Culture Club who single Do you really want to hit me was also a reggae track and then you're in the mix and big country and they didn't have a section for reggae so the following year the header section for reggae and steel poles for the 1st recipients of that reggae Grammy and ever since that yeah they've had reggae Grammys and then we went from Jamaica to New York and we went to do an interview at m.t.v. Studios m.t.v. When playing black artists we would have 1st black artists to actually go in and do interviews with m.t.v. So we got to look. For me reggae's my family and my history and my culture permeates through a lot of the music so a lot of rap rap music came from the reggae and then you know what you got dubstep then you got Reg Aton and then you got you know even rappers now all we had was people singing about. They hardship especially the Rastaman that movement had it so they would sing about their experiences but the love songs when you listen to the low songs and easy it's just something to behold in Jamaica they created reggae music for an identity because when they got independence they needed their own We've got the 1st generation of the Windrush innovation coming over and their children 2nd generation now thinking well this is what my mama that this is what I want to play when you listen to British reggae artists and Jamaica regattas they play it slightly different if you listen to the likes of us what's still polls even musical he's terms of how we try to record it is reggae but it's got a different feel than reggae So anybody would tell you reggae is always about the feel. You know from doing this documentary I got a deeper sense of my own heritage and a better understanding of the rich mixture of music genres brought to London from the Caribbean black British music of the fifty's sixty's and seventy's was a real melting pot of sound taking us up to the present day with the music style is even harder to define we've got a lot to be thankful for and I for one know that British music with some very different today without the influence of the wind generation. I'm young where we are and this documentary has been produced by John offered for the b.b.c. World Service Radio. On the b.b.c. World Service a new 3 part series meeting teenagers trying to change their world 4 years ago Stubbles began a grade 6 science project and created waves of change in her hometown in Nova Scotia Canada now she's 15 and she's already convinced the Canadian government to start an environmental project which will cost more than $15000000.00 Canadian dollars vacates a role writes at b.b.c. World Service dot com. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service our technology reporter Zoe Kliman told us when I asked our Washington Correspondent Chris Buckley or what was in this article on Europe regional editor Mike Saunders is here in the studio that speak to are trying to media analyst Gary Allen from b.b.c. Monitoring on air online and on Smart Phone This is the b.b.c. World Service the world's radio station. Welcome to the forum from the b.b.c. World Service coming up after the news with me Brigitte Kandel. They were the ancient horse Lords of the Eurasian step nomadic warriors who flourished 3 millennia ago and whose influence extended all the way across Liberia to the northern reaches of the Black Sea the legendary city of. The spectacular gold jewelry and other artifacts preserved in the ancient burial mounds tells us something about their way of life but what else do we know about this mysterious people I'll be joined by 3 archaeologists who started the city and in depth and one of whom has even excavated an ancient ice mummy in the time mountains so join us for the forum on the city and off to the b.b.c. News. B.b.c. News with Sue Montgomery the United Nations secretary general and her new good terrorist has said humanity must stop its war on nature in a speech ahead of this week's climate conference in Madrid mystical terrorists said the point of no return was hurtling towards us what is still lacking is political will to put a price on carbon political will to stop subsidies on fossil fuels political will to stop building coal power plants from 2020 onwards political will to shift taxation from income to carbon taxing pollution instead of people we simply have to stop digging and dealing and take advantage of the vast possibilities offered by renewable energy and nature based solutions and he's a motor's governing Labor Party have given their unanimous backing to the prime minister Joseph miscount who's been facing calls for his immediate resignation it follows a crisis meeting amid fallout from the investigation into the murder in 2 years ago of the investigative journalist Daphne Carroll and I get it Sia daming Grammaticus reports bolters prime minister Joseph must Kurt said nothing as he drove away from the emergency meeting of his official country residence Mr muskets position was hanging by a thread following dramatic developments in the past 24 hours in the investigation into the murder of Daphne Kerr while they glitzier a journalist who specialized in exposing corruption at the highest levels in Malta this koala glitzier was blown up by a car bomb 2 years ago late on Saturday police charged Walters richest business spend your going Fenech with involvement in her murder he had close ties to several government ministers and to the Prime Minister's own chief of staff police in Hong Kong and firing tear.