The British based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the harass our dean faction had been the target of the attack the group is believed to be linked to al-Qaeda It came hours after the start of a unilateral ceasefire declared in eagerly by the Russian backed Syrian government forces the United Nations secretary general is visiting Goma in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo where health workers are struggling to hold the spread of the deadly Ebola virus and Tony a terrorist has come to express his support for them our Africa editor Will Ross reports in eastern Congo Antonio good terrorists will focus on the devastating a bowler outbreak and the international effort to stop the attacks by armed militias the 2 are linked because health workers attempts to stop the virus spreading have been undermined by the violence Ebola treatment centers have been attacked by rebels Congolese people have witnessed years of insecurity and displacement despite the presence of 16000 UN peacekeepers that partly explains why there's so much misinformation and suspicion nearly 2000000 people in the Indian state of have been left in effect stateless after being emitted from a controversial citizenship register the register was created in 1951 to distinguish Indian citizens from migrants a member of a Sam's legislative assembly and a retired Army officer among those left off the list a South African policeman has been arrested on suspicion of murdering his partner a female boxing champion Gondry juggles known as Baby Lisa was shot dead at close range on Friday in the Eastern Cape correspondence ala Gondry juggles murder has caused widespread shock in South Africa where extreme domestic violence is common Those are the latest stories from B.B.C. News. Hello this is the history hour with Max Pearson coming up a horrific landmark lynching from 1950 S. America Nina Simone the Liberia years and a very specific breakthrough in forensic techniques. Before all that though we're going back 80 years to the period of rising tension across Europe in the run up to the 2nd World War sensing the implicit and explicit aims of the Nazis in Germany Jewish populations in those countries which appeared to be in the firing line had some very serious decisions to make face the coming storm or try to out run it against this background in the months leading up to the outbreak of the war thousands of unaccompanied Jewish and in some cases Nandu is children were sent on journeys into an unknown future they arrived without their parents in the U.K. My glance in has spoken to Dame Stephanie Shirley who came to England aged 5 as part of this kinda transport 200 boys and girls were getting doing with the end of the free the other 2 in the ages of 5 and 17 you know once got out of the 1st 5000 Jewish nun area and child refugees from Germany and they provided with a temporary home here but arrangements are made for them to immigrate while I was a little girl called peer a book who came over me kinda transport in 1939 I was very very lucky and my name today is Dame Stephanie she. Has taken the care but they were caught by the British Committee for the care of children from Germany and the youngsters attacking as if they hadn't a care in the world sometimes whether in our my date of birth or I've said 939 because to me my life started. Dame Stephanie Shirley is now in her eighty's for many years she ran her own very successful software company here in the U.K. But in the summer of 1939 as the world teetered on the brink of war the 5 year old Vera was put on a train along with her older see. The Renate by their mother in Vienna not knowing if they would ever meet again my family was a sort of secular Jewish and they had moved over quite a bit of Europe starting from Dawn one where my father was a judge and had been fired in 1933 the family then moved around trying to find a safe place trying to find more work and finished up in Vienna which is not rather sensitive and where there was obviously sums of network of support and that lasted fine until young and I'm then we have to think it was clear that. Jews in Central Europe were faced catastrophe. Alone that doesn't load the. Wave in the breach. Of those steps. Jenna asked is not the leader what is the getting me of the Council. The Nazi an accession of Austria the loss in March $0.93 a clear warning to Europe's Jews the not all of them recognize the threat at that stage. And just months later Nazi supporters attacked Jewish homes and synagogues across Germany in what became known as crystal Nath The night of the broken glass over 200 synagogues were destroyed 91 Jews were killed and 30000 people were taken to concentration camps. After much lobbying the British government agreed under strict conditions to allow in a limited number of child refugees fleeing the Nazis but only as long as they wouldn't become a financial burden on the public. The 1st kinda transport from Berlin departed on December the 1st 1938 and the 1st from Vienna 10 days later I don't recall when I was actually told that we were going suddenly over some period of months my mother was talking about she had to put it in a children's home so she could concentrate on getting all papers through the bureaucracy and she complained bitterly about the both the German Nazi and the British bureaucracy that made everything so difficult her father holy go ahead crossing the mountains on foot to neutral Switzerland and from there on SWINGLER but he'd been interned by the British and so it was left up to their mother to take the 2 children to the Vienna train station or a July morning and kiss them goodbye. Member the scene at the station many many family is mostly weeping some in a sort of wailing hysterical and my mother didn't cry nor did we that I remember quite clearly I don't think I knew why they were weeping it was just so dramatic so traumatic what is happening and so on and so many children laden down with as many as we could wear because we went out bringing anything out so our parents put us in new clothes you know in case it was cold in case it was wet it was hot we got enough clothes on to last us and there were about a 1000 unaccompanied children on that same journey heading for London we slept on rolls of corrugated cardboard on the floor on the benches and believe it or not in the overhead luggage racks I don't know what we at I think it Heck maybe our parents and organise sandwiches but that I can remember the somewhat for. Interruptions from uniformed guards from time to time but why they were being said nasty was beyond me after crossing the channel from Holland the children finally reached London's Liverpool Street Station on a gray rainy day the platform was silent you've got a 1000 children. Coming out of the train tired and smelly after 2 and a half days just absolutely exhausted and there was no chatter no noise no anything some of the children who'd come on the kindertransport trains were taken to children's camps in Essex where they had English lessons. And where they were interviewed by a P.B.C. Producer I am. I one and I come from Hamburg we now are waiting to come to a home. Where we can tell our parents. I hope I have a pantry in the family where I can live and be entirely on her My parents emigrated and I can't go to them following a public appeal in Britain Jewish and non Jewish families came forward to offer the child refugees a home we were fostered by a lovely English couple in the middle and of England who had seen the photograph in the local paper of my sister and I with just a few lines underneath saying 2 sisters well brought up sitting at home can you help they have other children I know they have they have no children of their are so when we met they couldn't speak a word German I couldn't speak a word of English I was traumatized they were nervous it was pretty. They managed. You must be relieved to been away from home quite enough please iteration in Vienna my feelings were just of being disturbed of being with strange people not understanding what was going on and. When was I going to see. My mother again these thoughts and questions within a year Dame Stephanie and her sister were reunited with their biological mother who'd managed to escape Vienna and later with their father but it didn't prove to be an easy relationship as I think happens quite often with separated families I never really bonded with them again and that I really mourn them to your mother ever try to justify justify saying you way we did it was a momentous thing to do so you were told to turn. As an adult and realize that the . Act of sending out children away isn't fantastic act of love didn't seem like it at the time but it is the most loving thing a parent and the last Kindertransport train left Germany on the 1st of September 19th 39 the day the Nazis invaded Poland and just days before Britain declared war on Germany in all around 10000 children were transported to safety out of Nazi occupied Europe many of them never saw their biological parents again Mike luncheon and he was speaking to Dame Stephanie Shirley who arrived in Britain as part of the came to transport just before the outbreak of the 2nd World War But joining me now is Mike Levy an educator for the Holocaust Education Trust 1st of all how was the can to transport organize what was the the system that was put in place to get those unaccompanied children to Britain Well like many things to do with the can the transporters organize really by a bunch of volunteers so it was by no means an official organization a group of volunteers got together in England in Britain to organize the arrival of the children and the parallel group of people the German and did something very similar and of course it's very difficult we're talking about late 1938 when the Nazis very much in control both of Germany and Austria so it's very difficult for well almost impossible in fact for Jewish organizations British ones to go to operates in Germany so they relied on good people that they could work with actually in Germany with families they tended to be people like France the Quakers who played a huge parts the Quakers in Germany there were very small number but they were extremely well organized for various historical reasons the Nazis were pretty laid back about the Quakers even though they were and to Hitler and so what happened was that the Quakers joined forces with those Jewish organizations that were allowed to work in Germany 1st of all. To promote the idea that the word these trains that parents could send their children on that their children would be looked after once they came to England by these voluntary bodies in in London and beyond and that they not self parties are sort of given permission for them to go so it was a very complex web of organization which essentially was done by volunteers so individuals from the Jewish and Quaker organizations may have been involved in this but at an official level how welcoming was the British government it's interesting the government took rather $100.00 off line here they certainly in those days in the 1930 S. There was no official system of asylum and even the word refugee was was used very cautiously by governments so they saw themselves as if you were if you like facilitators of these transports they allowed to children to come without passports for instance there was a special entry document that was allowed that they could use so there's a light touch in terms of the immigration procedures but once that's been explained the government really washed its hands of anything else so it was very clear that they weren't going to finance these children in any way they weren't going to educate them or they weren't going to provide any welfare services and in fact officially the children were only allowed in on temporary visas in fact these documents they came in with or stamped with the view that the child was coming in A would not be allowed to work or any kind of gainful employment and secondly that they would be re emigrating to some 3rd country in a short time so from the end of 9038 to the middle of 139 we have this this movement of can transport. What happens after the outbreak of war was there any further attempts to get the children of Jewish families who were being persecuted by then out of the danger well as one very tragic story of a whole trainload of children actually on the train Prague station being organized by some Nicholas Winton quite a well known figure in the kindertransport story they were on the train on the 1st of September when Germany had invaded Poland and the ball borders were closed from then on the children were not allowed to leave the train never left that station all the 250 children on the train were taken off the train back to their homes and the majority of them perished there was one further attempt to bring out a group of children in May 940 a group of children from a Dutch orphanage there were actually German children living in Holland. A shipload if you like of these children were rescued literally hours before the Germans invaded Holland and just got out in May $940.00 that was about it in terms of rescue possibilities that's Mike Levy from the Holocaust Education Trust. Next we're going to hear about a particular episode in the life of one of America's greatest 20th century performers Nina Simone originally aspired to be a classical concert pianist and she believed her talent would have got her there had she not encountered racial discrimination when studying and applying to advance or studies at prestigious American music schools instead she ended up being one of the most powerful songwriting voices reflecting the black experience in the U.S. From the 1960 S. To the end of the century she traveled the world and could have settled anywhere but in 1954 Nina Simone decided to make her home in Liberia in West Africa Lucy Burns has spoken to James E. Dennis Sr A friend of NIDA Simone's in the Liberian capital Monrovia. This is a song by Nina Simone called Liberian Calypso she wrote it in 1910 and it tells a true story. That I think straight back so much. That. She wanted to make Liberia home she lived. On the beach and she did her thing. This is James Seaton a senior he's a journalist one of the founders of the Liberian Press Union and in 1974 he was running no fewer than 5 newspapers and magazines and the Liberian capital Monrovia he'd met Nina in the U.S. And he welcomed the library he was educated he was far sighted and her daughter was just about this same age of my only daughter. And my wife me an American obviously a black American she felt very much in having a hot dog and most of her in Liberia. Alabama has gotten me so upset. Nina Simone was one of the biggest stars in America at the time she was famous not just for her music but also for civil rights campaigning using her public platform to speak out against racism and in favor of a radical form black nationalism the B.B.C. Interviewed her in 1968 I don't speak for colored people but I do know what millions of them feel can you imagine the pain in respect trying not to be yourself the energy that you use up being trying to cater to somebody or be what you're not and so. That 100 years old trying to be like as a Negro entertaining you so do you feel that you've got an important oh man the responsibility is so heavy sometimes I run from it. Like to get away from it more often than I do by the early seventy's she was burnt out she just left her marriage and many of her fellow civil rights activists in the U.S. Had died or been imprisoned her friend the South African singer Marian McCabe or invited her to visit Liberia a republic founded by freed slaves more than a century earlier on the west coast of Africa and as James Dennis remembers at the time it was booming people. African countries game to Liberia to see what America like because we were more developed from the Help point of view were more developed from the educational point of Liberia was their 1st Black Country Africa and their only African country and I was a member of the UN that track to Liberia was at that time and Nina Simone wasn't the only famous person coming to Liberia Monrovia had been a magnet for black celebrities for some time and mental or it comes along with singers like. James Brown and political activists like Black Panther leader stately calm Michael Black Americans were not regarded in their own country where they were born as white Americans and their war opera and then she game to Liberia Africa where Haut ancestor went to the states from Actually she fell very much. She showed it everywhere she went she was extremely popular here. I knew her. To be 3. Times Dennis had a grand piano in his house and Nina asked if she could get a concert that when she met his father Charles E. Then a senior and you know our father and became very attracted to him our father she invited my father to sit at the curve of the piano which she was playing right at my house and we just had a wonderful time and then your father and she started and a romance. Yes Then they got together my mother had died my father was a single handsome gentleman he got it tracked it from all musical point of view an awful minnow was and then trying to relate is and so they became good friends. What was she like to hang out with was she old hanging oh when I was. You know old Meena was a place or like a very good time which brings us back to them like they're in Calypso which is about one night in particular the maze nightclub in Monrovia. And you know I sat at the piano and rarely truly peanuts she spent the whole night and we all stayed there because nobody wanted to leave and more people started coming in after they heard people had call and say John you know plain and the place just overloaded time with people it was then where she got so excited. And to our spent. When I took off her dress. As I did piano employee. We didn't leave there on the. A man so how did her relationship with your time progress well she wanted something serious with my dad so there you stand as you want to him to marry her but mind was sensitive to the fact that the type of. Into Tina she was and some of her happiness was not that attractive to uprising of his status. So he evaded that and never happened Nina Simone stayed in Liberia for another 2 years until she moved to Switzerland in 1977 so a daughter Lisa could go to school and. Then in April 1980 there was a coup in Liberia partly motivated by resentment of the American Liberian elite by indigenous Liberians James Dennis brother was one of 13 government ministers who were executed I left Liberia after 6 arrests I couldn't stand it and I long my father had died my brother had died I my mother had died my wife was afraid after I got arrested after that was enough and our family way taught in America by way of Ghana the coup and its aftermath were followed by 14 years of civil war. Brought Liberia down to a practical. And which still suffering from that effort Liberia today is one of the poorest countries in the world but James Dennis went back home that in 2012 and people often look back toward more Rubio was like during those times and compare it to what it is now well what can I just accept things. Jamesy down a senior in Moreover talking to Lucy Burns more from the history hour in just a moment. Please. This is the B.B.C. World Service where least the set is interviewing some incredible women Maria Ressa a Filipino American journalist when journalists are under attack the moccasins under attack are new really the best known journalist in the Philippines Maria spent 2 decades as an investigative reporter and foreign correspondent now she's leading the fight against fake numerous lies spread Stor and facts facts are boring and lice least with anger and hate they spread virally one of Time magazine's people of the year in 2018 she's currently locked in battle with regard to terror to the president of the Philippines and I immediately to that Mr President you're right that's where the case began the government tried to revoke our license 11 tases and investigations and 14 months Maria Ressa one of the remarkable women who've shaped the nature of politics in society all around the world her story made history at B.B.C. World Service dot com slash documentaries coming up in part 2 of the history our A forensic breakthrough 10 years on how hand analysis was 1st used to convict dangerous criminals also the 1955 lynching of Emmett Till in the southern US and from the 1990 S. How hundreds of women were kidnapped and killed in the Mexican town of see it at Juarez at night when it was all quiet I would go outside and call out her name hoping she would hear me 1st A summary of today's world news B.B.C. News with David Alston tens of thousands of people have joined street protests around Britain against the government's decision to suspend parliament demonstrators are holding large rallies in cities including London and Manchester the prime minister bars Johnson insists that the suspension is not a ploy to prevent parliament from blocking a potential no deal XS in the European Union. There have been violent clashes in Hong Kong where tens of thousands of pro-democracy demonstrators defied a ban to turn out on to the streets police Ford running battles with the protestors beating them with battens firing rubber bullets and spraying them with blue dye the protesters threw petrol bombs and said higher to a large barricade more than 40 members of a jihadist group are reported to have been killed in a missile strike in the rebel held Syrian province of. The British based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the who Russell Deen faction had been the target of the attack there's been chaotic scenes at a cemetery in Ivory Coast as fans of the popular musician D.J. Arafat who recently died in a motorcycle accident opened his coffin This followed disbelief at the news of his death and rumors that he was still alive a battle is taking place in northern Afghanistan for the major city of can do a Taliban advance on the city has been slowed by government airstrikes but the militants have not retreated from their positions and unauthorized March by critics of the Russian government is underway in central Moscow reports say several 100 demonstrators have joined the protest a South African policeman has been arrested on suspicion of murdering his partner a female boxing champion began to Jagels known as Baby Lisa was shot dead it close range on Friday in the Eastern Cape B.B.C. News. Welcome back to part 2 of the history hour with Max Pearson still to come multiple murders of women in the Mexican city of see it at Juarez and a totemic lynching of a young black boy in 1950 S. America. But before those frankly gruesome Tales from the past we've got the story of a forensic breakthrough which might have helped catch those killers from earlier decades because it's just 10 years now since a remarkable step forward in the history of Criminal Justice in 2009 a British court convicted a paedophile who was identified using the pattern of veins and markings on the back of his hand Clare both has been speaking to the forensic anthropologist Sube lack who developed a system to identify the backs of hands which she says may be as unique as fingerprints. If I look at your hands what I'm looking at are do you have freckles do you have birth marks do you have scars What's your vein pattern like. Your hand down flat in front of you now look at your hands and really look at them what D.C. See you Black see something very different than have been known on many occasions on a train say lean across to somebody in silicon terribly story night I hope you don't think this is rude but would you mind terribly if I took a photograph of the back of your hand because you've got the most amazing vein pattern as a forensic anthropologist she spent years examining dead bodies and investigating the causes of death to provide evidence which can be used in court it's about uncovering the things that make us unique things we ourselves often haven't even thought of what I see in people is variation and it's just so fascinating that you can have 2 cells come together and to create this individual of billions of cells that is absolutely different to anybody else on the planet I just think that's fair . Cities are having the human body is the most amazing machine for much of her working life so you have dealt with that amazing machine as it existed at the end of life dead bodies but in 2006 Korea took a different turn when a colleague asked for help with a case where the alleged victim was very much alive and it was a young girl who allege that her father came into her room at night and he abused her and she told her mother and her mother didn't believe her so the teenage girl had trained a camera on to have a bed to record what she said was her father molesting her and so we never saw the face of the perpetrator who get into a room that happens 4 in the morning but we could see his hand in his forearm The question was could he be identified purely from his hand and forearm in a screen grab from a video taken in the dark because it was infrared the camera works on the infrared light at night that interacts differently with the skin and the deoxygenated blood in your veins stands out like black tramlines So what we were able to see in this photograph was the superficial veins on the back of the hands and into the forearm of this individual and I said Look what I can do I know as an anatomist that veins are very very variable what I can at least do is compare the pattern of veins from your perpetrator with your suspect and if they don't match they can be him they did match but the jury still found him not guilty. Well juries were familiar with identification through D.N.A. Fingerprints or even significant birth marks or moles hand analysis was unknown and I asked her barrister what I'd done wrong and she said to me at the time something that has stayed with me and it's really driven the research that we do she said I don't think there's a problem with the science they didn't believe the girl she didn't cry enough and I thought that's not justice. And so that point we decided we needed to do the research we needed to get the research grants we needed to be able to write the papers so there was a credible science behind what it was that we were doing in fact says C. Black only vein pattern identification had never been used in court before it was already quite well established elsewhere having been used as a biometric security system since the 1980 S. There are certain banks know that will use vein readers to allow you to get access into very very secure evolves and similarly in some new nuclear installations and so biometrics under Stude variation in brains but would have never been done was transferred to photographs and child abuse and abuse in general is one of those rare crimes where the perpetrator actually records themselves committing the crime in order to get better results in court and have a greater impact on juries see black established a database of photographs of hands to compare and contrast and learn more about the unique features then in 2009 came a break 3 police in England asked for help in identifying a man found with images of child abuse on his computer could see black and her team help prove he was the man in the photos what we did was we did a full analysis of the images that we could see looking at things like freckle patterning looking at scars looking at knuckle creases because he was a redhead and quite hairy in his hands we weren't able to see any veins because he was quite overweight as well. And it said to us actually there's a huge amount of anatomy above and beyond veins which is what we looked at in the 1st case that we can help with and so we wrote the report when confronted with it the man confessed and changed his plea from not guilty to guilty. Saving Time and money on a court case this was an historic moment but a few months later came an even bigger breakthrough when hand identification was used in a huge case in Scotland which did go to court 2 men from Edinburgh who are at the center of the worst paedophile network in Scottish legal history have been jailed for life 38 year old James Rainey abused a baby of just 3 months struck in who's 41 sexually assaulted an 18 month old boy it was the largest paedophile ring Scotland had at that time and there was an image which was called the Hawkman a image and I won't give details of it because it is just so distressing but involved a very young child or Bannatyne described Neil strucken as sadistic and aggressive he said an image showing strike and abusing an 18 month old boy would shock to the core any right thinking person who had to see it Sue Black had to see it on this occasion she had been asked by the defense team to help show that Neil struck and was not identifiable in the image specifically they wanted to show that his thought was most prominent in the photos had no distinguishing features that it could have been anyone they took their own photos of the accused for a suit to examine and compare but what she noticed was not what his defense team wanted to hear when they sent the photographer runs the photographer was unaccompanied which meant that Neil struck him how old the photographic scale next to his 5 so not only did I get beautiful views of as far as I also got a very very clear view of the back of his right arm and the back of his left the suit black found 13 very distinct features on his thumbs which the prosecution used to help convict him of child abuse and we were able to compare the skin increases associated with his from locals but also he. The defect in the limb your Which is that little half moon that you have at the base of your nail and there was a defect in that now because we had a database we were able to go back to and say well how many people have a defect in the moon you're at the base of the right thumb and if they have a defect how many have got a defect like this and we didn't have an example from our database eventually they hope to create a computer program which could troll through the millions of fighters of abuse online linking and tracing the perpetrators through their hands and potentially saving other children from abuse back and find out who they are I've got a chance of finding out where the child is prioritizing those children who are being abused right now today it's really important indeed that was super PAC talking to clear both a dangerous paedophile may have avoided conviction had it not been for the work of soup black but others in history have escaped responsibility for their actions because of a legal and social system loaded in their favor Take for example the August 1955 kidnapping and lynching of a 14 year old African-American boy Emmett Till the teenager was visiting relatives in the state of Mississippi when he was killed his murder galvanized the civil rights movement in the U.S. For hide the reports. $950.00 S. America was a racially charged time in Maine 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court had handed down its landmark ruling in Brown vs the Board of Education which stated that segregation by race in schools was unconstitutional but white supremacists in the deep south were fighting the ruling and tensions were running high. That's when. Washington D.C. Or any. Other Well why. Yes then to do something about it was in this highly charged climate that 14 year old Emmett Till a young black boy he lived with his mother in Chicago was sent to visit his uncle and cousins in the deep southern town of Money Mississippi Emmett's mother Mamie spoke in 2005 to the U.S. Filmmaker Kevin Beauchamp for his documentary The untold story of Emmett Louis Till she recalls seeing Emmett off at the train station I got up that morning and for some reason we couldn't get out of that house we could hear the 1st still blowing as we got to the steps to over up just isolated. You didn't kiss me goodbye were you going how do I know I love to see you again and you said Oh mama he really scolded me. But it was the last time they would meet a couple of days after arriving in money on the 24th of August and it went to the store with his cousins to buy some bubble gum it was run by white couple the Bryants in cases mostly African-American field hands while there I miss a partner whistle that cabin in Bryant news of this which her husband Roy 4 days later in the middle of the night Emmett Till was dragged from his uncle's home by Roy Bryant and his salt brother who armed and it's cousins we can see mean King also spoke to the documentary maker Keith Beauchamp about that night I could hear people outside talking talking about the boy from Chicago they don't say Everett So there's a fat boy from Chicago they told me after all they want to topple and look up and I see this through our brand new here and I saw the other tall bald headed man I was in the Holland bus and they told me to lay back down go to sleep. But I kept my eyes open he was also there of course but he was saying yes sir and also. So we became irate about the. Restart curse and swear. That he wanted to put on the socks or something or the shoes and it was a terrifying experience the world will go all the way of conceiving. The Salvos like on the way. The mantic Emmet to up on with a beat and mutilated him before shooting him in the head they threw his body in the Tallahatchie River tied to a 70 pound his corpse was discovered 3 days later bloated and I'm recognisable when the terrible news reached its mother she demanded that the body be sent back to Chicago but the local sheriff H.C. Strider who was in charge of the investigation wanted an immediate burial in Mississippi he knew that it wouldn't be good for the state of Mississippi for people to see what had happened to Emmett Till the only way you could stop people from the city was to bury it I don't know what authority he had to bury myself he didn't have the authority made me work hard to get his son's body sent back to Chicago but even when she managed this she discovered that the coffin had been nailed down and the authorities in Mississippi had ordered that it not be opened you mean to tell me that I have spent all of this money to get a body that I can't even look at how do I know what's in the box the funeral home run by a Mr Raina agreed to open the coffin and told mommy to go home and rest. When I came back to the funeral home about 3 blocks away an older me dearly knocked me out it was him it's bad the smell was so strong. Mr Raynor wanted to know was I going to have the casket open as Oh yes and open mic casket but the people seemed see I said I want the world to see this 2 2. And so many placed his son's body in a glass top coffin so that everybody could see him. Emmett's funeral took place on the 4th of September in a church in Chicago's South Side the streets were lined with mourners and for 4 days a stream of people passed by. I had to address the crowd on the way in an assured them that. The church would be open for them to continue to view the body. The site of the young boys Bassett body shocked many in America and beyond and was a catalyst for the civil rights movement a grainy black and white photograph taken by jet a magazine aimed at African-Americans events horrifyingly disfigured face became an icon 2 weeks after the funeral the trial of Roy Bryant and his half brother J W Mahlum the kidnap and murder of Emmett was held in some the in Tallahatchie County in September 1955 and never has this quiet little cotton growing community in Mississippi seen so much for blustery and so much excitement in the past few days of this trial begins to on many was in the courthouse for the 5 day trial and when the jury retired I noticed that the black people who were lining the walls and the backs of the room they were quietly leaving the court room I knew then that they knew we were not going to get a guilty verdict both men were acquitted by the All Whites male jury but the following year they admitted responsibility in a magazine interview but claimed they had done nothing wrong. But the others for 24 . Men. Although not really sure they got. Everything they were rallies across the US at which Mamie and civil rights leaders spoke to crowds of thousands of people we knew the fact ever the 1st day it was going to be a happy. The town that night and the acquittal with me in the right have been letting is now back in our was 3 months off to be equal the black activist Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on an Alabama bus to a white passenger in one of the most famous civil rights protests in American history years later she said she'd been thinking about Emmett Till that day having just attended a rally for the young boy led by the then Little learned Reverend Martin Luther King. More than 60 years later in July 2018 the U.S. Government ordered to be happening at the Emmett Till case after Karyn Bryant admitted having lied about the youngsters suppose it advances all those years ago. No one has ever been convicted for the young boy's murder. Emmett Till's glass top casket is now on display at the National Museum of African-American History and Culture in Washington D.C. . We. Are high there with the story of Emmett Till our website includes a photo of Emmett as a smiling child in Chicago you can find it by going to B.B.C. Witness history. Our final story this week takes us into another dark period of recent history and this is from the front here between the U.S. And Mexico in 1993 women began disappearing from the Mexican border town of see it at what is at an alarming rate hundreds of thought to have been kidnapped and killed since then but the links back to the 1st disappearance is what made until almost a decade later my Clanton has spoken to 2 people closely involved in those cases. It's late 2001 and forensic scientist Oscar minus is on his way to working throughout what is a city renowned for its violent mixture of drugs and crime I believe the worth of Thursday morning I was driving and then I got a call that the found one body in the area inside this CD were all cotton field used to be before I got there I got another call that they found another body and then a few minutes there when I arrived they were already 3 bodies all 3 bodies were of young women in different stages of decomposition they'd been dumped in the open on the old cotton field close to the city center. We was still a patch of all agricultural field in the middle of the city but there was traffic all over the place you know cars buses driving back and forth we started process in that area to see if there was more bodies there the next day we found another one another 5 bodies in another dish However these bodies were buried it wasn't the 1st time the Tosca had come across such grim scenes in his hometown where is had been plagued by similar killings of young women since the early 1990 S. But a combination of poor and corrupt policing had meant few cases had been solved or SCO and his team set to work gathering clues as to who the latest victims were and why they'd been killed we spend most of the time they're all the process in the sim because you need to uncover their bodies you know with brushes We also had to control the pressure of of the families they were looking for the daughters and then at that time the attorney general had the idea of bringing in heavy machinery to turn over the whole area and then we had to also be careful with I because he was going to ruin everything almost 10 years earlier when the 1st women's bodies had begun to appear Osca then working as a trainer in the police academy that warned his superiors of an emerging trained young attractive women many of them newcomers to the city picked up by strangers violently assaulted then killed and dumped by the end of the 1990 S. More than a 100 bodies had been found across water as word was spreading that water has had a serious problem. After being cleared or kidnapped in the shanty towns the girls end up dead out here in this vast wasteland that surrounds Juarez whoever is killing them is making little attempt to cover up the evidence the bodies are simply thrown out like a piece of rubbish amongst the beer bottles. And household trash and dead animals that litter this area this is the place where the latest victim was found only 2 weeks ago and as you can hear it's only a few meters from a main road. In a certain. Point. I think we came to live here in 1905 but even before that we'd heard that young women were disappearing and turning up dead inside that Quietus as a mother that was one of my main worries but my husband said to me Don't worry there's a lot of work to be found there what is had become a magnet for poor Mexicans from the countryside like Paolo Florence and her family who were keen to get a job in the city's newly built foreign owned factories power's husband had begun working in one of the factories as did her daughter 16 year old. So good audio shifts began at 6 in the morning and then did at 3 pm but on April 16th 1908 she didn't come home and. I used to watch out for her from the door of our house I could see the bus stop from there but when I got past 6 o'clock and she didn't come I started worrying so I sent my son off to call the factory to see if she'd stayed behind to do some overtime when he came back I could see it in his face she's not there he sat. And that's when this nightmare began distraught power and her husband rushed to the local police station only to be told come back when the girl had been missing for 72 hours a customer a mother pulling up or you are not going to be the one that and so we started giving out leaflets and photos of her we went all over the city handing them out we did that every day for 2 weeks at night when it was all quite I would go outside and call out her name hoping she would hear me. The victims' families come to the police headquarters every Monday they put up pictures of their dead relatives and hope the information of the monks the chaos no one seems to take much notice. The lack of official commitment in solving Sagreras disappearance was nothing new says Oscar minus I mean you need to understand how things work here most of the police positions are political appointments Also you need to understand that since these women they were labeled prostitutes so there wasn't much interest of investigating the murders but they weren't by any means all prostitutes in 1905 police arrested an Egyptian chemist living in Juarez and charged him with some of the murders but the killings carried on in 2001 the case of the 8 cotton field victims caught the media's attention the authorities rushed to produce results arresting a group of bus drivers their bodies were found on a Thursday I was arriving in my office the next Sunday like at 7 am and there was a lot of commotion and basically the attorney general went public and said the cotton field murders have had been solved already there you have the confession of the killers and then and actually I didn't believe it days later Oscar resigned in disgust behind these murders you have an organized group with resources. And you when you talk about resources inquiry you're talking about drug dealers and businessmen. The same and of course you have. To know where 30 by omission because when there is are not investigated when that to fabricate Bridget for legal reasons they also protect in the murders. 2 weeks after her disappearance secondary use body was found half buried in the desert a distinctive white factory tunic with her name stitched on it was found beside her let me go moment. I didn't see my daughter's body they didn't let me see it I wanted to see it to be sure it was her but only my husband went to identify her but why didn't they let you see how well my husband said to me don't come you get too upset but when he came back I felt so stupid I've regretted it for the rest of my life even one of her hands or something of her with my own eyes then I could say it was my daughter but no I still can't believe that she's really dead . A local man was eventually convicted of sagrada use murder but her mother power is still convinced that he didn't act alone and still campaigns for a fuller investigation the mind there says that women are still being murdered in the city and still without proper police investigations like Lansing with the deeply disturbing history of violence against women in Ciudad Juarez not all stories from the past are as grim as that but whatever the subject matter history is illuminated by the firsthand accounts you get right here on the history of THAT'S IT OVER THIS WEEK until the next time this is Max Pearson thanks for listening good bye. This is the B.B.C. World Service with music from this year's problems. In the next of our series of concerts we celebrate 2 pieces making their proms debut contemporary composers Saffir. Fairy Tale poems. And color Schumann's Piano Concerto. The B.B.C. Promos at B.B.C. World Service dot com. You're listening to the B.B.C. World Service in Washington reporter Antony circle as more of our South America correspondent Katie Watson reports from Brazil Europe regional editor Mike Saunders is here in the studio America's editor Countess peered began by telling me about on air online on the smartphone and really smart Speaker this is the B.B.C. World Service the world's media station. I welcome to assignment here on the B.B.C. World Service. Reporting from Brazil's carnival city Rio de Janeiro on its trigger happy police I always know ASCO they don't shoot I almost 900 people have died in police operations in the 1st half of this year alone the Sufis is battle criminal gangs in impoverished favelas there's evidence some cases are effectively extrajudicial executions which some people actively favor we have to kill both boys of course but among the dead the young the poor and the innocent you know the innocent people are also being killed yes I know this is the 1st loved ones to say enough. One of this was a call for you but if you don't know you should ask he shouldn't just shoot that's assignment just after the news. Hello this is David Alston with the B.B.C. News tens of thousands of people have joined street protests around Britain against the government's decision to suspend parliament under the banner stop the coup demonstrators are holding large rallies in cities such as Manchester New Castle Belfast and London these protesters say the prime minister Boris Johnson is trying to bury democracy. Like. I never thought how my age 61 years of age I would have to be here in Whitehall protesting against the shutdown of Parliament to look after their own interests in a way like this is deeply undemocratic it needs to be for against me this isn't even about breaks anymore it's about having a functional parliament that works and not using archaic so there was a system so suspended by the men.