In day after Delhi stripped the Himalayan state of its special status on Monday a communications blackout is in force in the lower house of parliament in Delhi the Home Affairs Minister declared the move historic You get eliminated a reports from Delhi phone and Internet lines in Kashmir are cut off for a 2nd day now which means it's very hard to get information in and out of the region a b.b.c. Correspondent in 3 Nagar says many people in Kashmir are still unaware of the developments because television services have also been stopped in some areas there's very heavy security in the region multiple checkpoints have been set up in Delhi chaos continues in Parliament the country's home minister has fiercely defended the government's decision and this time he also stressed that all of Kashmir belong to India the president of Indonesia Joker Widodo says he's instructed the police and military leadership to dismiss all officers who failed to extinguish forest fires before they're out of control Mr Widodo said Indonesia would be humiliated in front of its neighbors such as Malaysia and Singapore if they were affected by the choking haze caused by the fires. A Spanish man who joked about recycling as he tossed a fridge down a ravine has apologized after being publicly shamed by the police officers and Maria in southern Spain made the man known only as Mario ordered back up to the roadside and posted footage of him doing so in a newspaper interview Mario said he had lost his job at a domestic appliance shop and had been pilloried worse than killers and politicians b.b.c. News. Hello I'm resit by a welcome to News Hour from the b.b.c. World Service it comes to life from our studios in central London in a moment increased tensions between the United States and China over trade of a currency manipulation and over missiles as our top story today also in the program China warns democracy protesters in Hong Kong not to press their calls too far and we'll have the 2nd of our special reports from Norway's prison system where guards and inmates mix far more freely than in other countries jails we are together all day with inmates all the way from morning until evening their officers are together with them in the unit they eat them dinner together with them they have leisure activities together with inmates we call that dynamic security we are together with them in the past the way. You stay with us for those stories that's coming up this hour we begin today though with China u.s. Relations the 2 biggest and most important economies in the world at loggerheads over trade currency and now defense will talk about accusations over currency manipulation and the impact on already tense and damaging trade talks shortly 1st though a war of words over weapons the defense secretary Mark esper has made public the u.s. Intention to deploy ground based intermediate range missiles in Asia this is made possible because Washington has walked away from a treaty with Russia that governed those types of missiles and a prospect of deploying missiles in the Asia Pacific region would the Chinese and so it has the Chinese foreign minister ministries director of arms control fuk Kong gave Beijing's reaction at a news conference in China will not stand idly by and we forced to take under measures should the u.s. Deploy into medium range ground based missiles in this part of the world I urge our neighbors to exercise prudence and not to allow the u.s. Deployment having dominion range missiles on their territory I think that is a very important message that I want to convey to the people of Japan and to the people of South Korea and other countries as well for instance Australia. Well countries where it might be possible to deploy those missiles Well Australia's Prime Minister Scott Morrison has already said his country would decline any invitation to host us intermediate range missiles on its soil some rock of being is a former intelligence analyst an arms control expert for the Australian Government is now director of the International Security Program at the Lowy Institute based in Canberra Well somehow the collapse of a Cold War treaty led to today's tensions Well the i n f treaty the dice for $987.00 when Reagan and Gorbachev signed a deal that banned an entire class of nuclear weapons of intermediate range between $500.00 and roughly 5000 kilometers land based missiles so basically that led to a record deescalation of tensions in the cold war and particularly in Europe which is where most of those missiles web based but of course it was a bilateral treaty so China was never bound by it and in the last couple of decades as China has rapidly modernized its military it has focused especially on building a really substantial force of short and intermediate range ballistic missiles and the fact that the United States has walked away from that treaty means that it's able to do what what is it planning to do well the Americans have walked away from the treaty because they climb the Russians of shade and there's probably good grounds for believing that the Americans are right about that and it now the United States the legal freedom if you like to deploy intermediate range land based missiles of its own and potentially then to deploy them into Asia to counter China's force and China is now saying it won't stand by idly if the u.s. Deploys missiles in the Asia Pacific area how close are we to seeing the Americans do this deploying missiles is a huge issue. On the taking one imagines it is imminent and that's not imminent so the claims that the United States is planning to to strike ground launched cruise missiles within a matter of weeks and then to test a ground launched ballistic missile sometime later in the year I believe in October but that was a tests and I think the best judges assigning it'll be several years before deployment takes place obviously the United States has many allies in the Pacific region when might such missiles be deployed Well again the good judges seem to be suggesting it might be Guam initially and then there's a possibility also that allies will be honest sorry there was speculation that a strike might be asked but our prime minister is said very bluntly that that request didn't come but of course it's likely that other allies would be asked as well Japan and South Korea potentially this announcement of the u.s. Plan to deploy missiles is clearly part of a bigger paycheck of Washington vying for influence in the region because it's very concerned about the way in which China is wielding influence in the Asia Pacific region what does China have in the region that makes the u.s. Nervous when China has focus for the last 20 odd years in its military modernization program on what the strategists call area denial capability in particular a building I miss all force that makes it very difficult for the United States and its allies to operate right surface ships anywhere around maritime. And American power in the eyes of us if it is really built around maritime power it's naive but also it's if force and so China has now made it incredibly difficult for the United States to operate freely in the oceans where it used to operate with really with with impunity. And the rise of a more militarily assertive China in the region is presumably of concern to many countries not just the United States it certainly is and China I think now has ambitions to really supplant the United States as the leading strategic power in Asia now that creates a lot of concern among countries that ever lived on American power really since the end of the 2nd World War On the other hand those countries are just as concerned about the idea of my job war between the United States and China and all of those countries to have major economic relationships with China Australia is no exception our my just repeated partner is the United States now back to try to partner is China and in that context then when the Chinese say as they have that everything will be on the table and that they won't stand by idly if if America goes ahead with this deployment What could they do that would cause along well I think one of the reasons the Chinese are really worried about this is because even on the surface this looks like a kind of balancing action that the Americans are proposing the Chinese have this huge force of intermediate range ballistic missiles why can't the Americans have it as well the difference of course is that while the Chinese missiles on Mars excuse me all of them out based on the Chinese mainland the Americans would be proposing to bring them out to the Pacific far away from the mainland and with the range to hit the Chinese mainland and then the worry that that creates is that in a crisis if these missiles are at a launch the Chinese want to 1st of all right now if they have got conventional or nuclear warheads and y. Know what the targets are. And the targets potentially could be China's nuclear forces in what's called Ida kept a tight it strike and so it didn't forces the Chinese in a position where they have to use the nuclear forces or lose them in a crisis sorry I think the fear is that these are actually a stabilizing weapons. And that was. From the Lowy Institute in Canberra for months now the has been a background of rumbling trade friction between China and the us in further developments another threat looms the beginning of a new scenario from trade war to currency war because today Asian markets fell sharply after the Us Treasury formally accused China of manipulating its currency the announcement came after the un fell below 7 to the us dollar for the 1st time since 2008 markets were caught offguard as Beijing usually prevents the currency from slipping below that symbolic level the People's Bank of China p b c said the un slump was driven by unilateralism and trade protectionism measures and the imposition of tariff increases on China. Earlier I spoke to Julian's Julian Evans prick child from capital economies in Singapore who has been watching the markets so Asian actually started the day very badly in large part due to the news overnight that Trump had labeled China a currency manipulator but they then pared back some of their losses I think in response to the fact that the P.B.'s c. Stepped in to engineer a slight pullback in their own b.s. I think there was some relief that we didn't see a further depreciation their own b. Today I think investors are concerned about the escalating trade tensions particularly given the latest move from the u.s. Treasury to impose a currency manipulator a label so you talk about it as a currency manipulator a label that has been identified by President Trump what is it that China is doing to its currency Well I mean China doesn't give its currency complete free rein but it hasn't been intervening directly free for its efforts reserves has been intervening Frew the State banks for its daily fix the mechanism and if anything it's been intervening to keep the currency on the strong side and up until recently to prevent it from going through 7 against the dollar now the Us Treasury publishes a semiannual report on the foreign exchange policies of its trading partners and it in its most recent report in May It decided not to label China a currency manipulator because it doesn't actually meet free criteria that the Us Treasury sorry only meets one of them which is that it has a large bilateral surplus with the us but it doesn't have a large current account surplus in fact it's surplus fell to the lowest in 23 years last year and it hasn't been intervening to push down the value of its currency so the $7.00 level is the 1st time since 2008 what that means is that exports are more competitive and China a weaker un will always do that yes I think it will provide some boost to exports not necessarily in terms of export volumes because the Us dollar export prices tend to be quite sticky actually but a lot of the gains will come simply from the fact that China. These x. Forces will see their export revenues increase in Be terms which will offset some of the the declines in demand from u.s. Tariffs What is it that President Trump can do now given that he's already initiated this labeling of China as a currency manipulator What do you think might be his next move by law the u.s. Treasury is now required to enter negotiations with China or via the i.m.f. In order to rectify the issue but in practice I mean China is very likely to simply turn down this negotiations and there's very little that the u.s. Can do I mean legally if the negotiations don't result in any improvement after one year then they can impose some penalties but the Us is already taking much more extreme measures against China with the tariffs that they've been rolling out so it doesn't really have much in terms of practical implications but I think it just shows how relations are escalating and I think it will just put further strain on the bilateral relationship between the 2 countries and make it even harder for them to renew trade talks and reach a trade deal when President Trump says in a treat or points to the Federal Reserve in the context of China manipulating its currency what can the Federal Reserve do well I think what Trump is trying to push for is for the Federal Reserve to start intervening in the f.x. Markets itself and I think his view as well if the Chinese are doing it why why don't we do it our view is that the Fed is not really on ports to do that it seems quite unlikely that the u.s. Will start cumulating foreign reserves in order to push down the value of the currency Jillian Evans pre-charge of capital economy. Coming up Britain is hoping for a post Briggs bonanza out of plans for a new trade deal with the United States later we'll hear 2 conflicting American views on the likelihood of the u.k. Getting a good deal out of Washington one from former u.s. Treasury Secretary Larry Summers the other from Republican Tom Cotton Britain has no leverage Britain is desperate Britain has nothing else it needs an agreement very soon when you have a desperate partner that's when you strike the hardest bargain I would say that Great Britain has and a pretty strong position so I'm pretty optimistic about getting a good deal that benefits both of our nations control them more on those interviews in 15 minutes time on a headline The Pentagon has warned Turkey not to make deeper incursions into territory held by Kurdish fighters in northern Syria. This is Reza it via With news ally from the b.b.c. In London the Ugandan member of parliament will be wine has been charged with intending to annoy alarm all ridicule president must 70 he's already facing charges of treason he and dozens of others are accused of attacking the president's convoy will be wined has emerged as a strong challenger to President. The musician supporters say it's led to his arrest several times and intimidation of his followers but can ball be won take home Mr Miss 70 in power since 1986 and is he the leader Ugandans need Catherine spend a few days with will be one watching him build his people power movement which. Was . The presidential hopeful is standing on a small makeshift powerful as he addresses a crowd of a few 100 people in a sports field 2 hours east of the capital Kampala he's wearing his trademark red beret he's here to back a friend of his who plans to stand as a member of Parliament at the next election but the wine is trying to get his message out and build a network that can back him. Was part of the. Toe there were many and that we are very tired tell them that they're over stepping we're no freedom and we are ready to fight for it. Looks that was just happened is that after speaking of the rally a police truck with the soldiers of Billy's men came in there following them but the wind right now is. Right in the middle of this chase but the wind and his team have turned off and gone to a petrol station the police truck has decided just to park up ahead waiting for him to get back on the road. The way expecting that to happen just now the police coming after. No I of course I expect them to come up to me because you know wherever I go I'm being followed by the police and the military sometimes in plain clothes and many times you know in uniform today for all the way I want to have a guy they always follow me up to or. Beating on me threatening the people that follow me sometimes when the crowds gather so much they tend to just at risk me put me in their cell and drag me off to my place the police would argue that when you're outside and there are no police around they then she leaves the scenes of chaos that people could be had business is that just cannot operate how would you respond to that the police has always been Ok with me interacting with my fellow common people but ever since I started talking truth to power I became. Non grata I became I'm illegal citizen we have. A majority of Uganda and a below 30 years of age he relates with a 37 year old musician and his social message about for struggling to make it through life. Leaving. His plan to run for president appears to have made the incumbent and he's already outcome painting across the country Your most of any has publicly dismissed his young challenger as a collapsing go oh no I want what we want some have voted for but we weren't why are you voting for a musician this business is not for musicians. For we. If you're a musician. We used to go to a nightclub nightclub we often bust Poppy wine has serious questions to answer apart from removing with 70 from office what's his plans for Uganda and some question whether a performer. Has what it takes to lead a government countries because people tend to expect individuals to run countries countries are not run by individual countries I run by institutions that are strengthened empowered and freed to be independent I'm not here because I'm the most intelligent possible I'm not here because I know everything 9 years I don't need anything. Oh my. Friends know. Me see it is still the backbone of the winds politics his rise symbolizes the growing struggle between Africa's large and youthful population against leaders have been in power in some cases for generations and with the countdown to election day in early 2021 his personal political fight has only just begun. And that report was from our Correspondent Catherine hung up on the wine. He new report from the aid agency Christian Aid says the impoverished African nation on the run d. Tops a list of the world's most food insecure countries the charity says Burundi and other countries are now Kenya feeling the impact of climate change all my food production systems but that its own Call been footprint is extremely low a single British person in produces annual emissions each year equivalent to $200.00 Burundians don't take out in Cramer is Christian aids global lead on climate change he's currently in Geneva where the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or i.p.c.c. Is due to publish its own report into land use later this week outlined some of question a key findings I think it's clear that the general thrust of the findings is well known that the poor countries are bearing the brunt of climate impacts because they have less capacity to adapt but also because the geographical location they're also seeing the greatest climate impact already. But I think what this report shows is just very clearly that the discrepancy the injustice of the situation where countries like Burgundy which have extraordinarily low capture emissions are the ones that are already facing the greatest food insecurity whereas countries like the u.k. The u.s. And other wealthy countries. Are not feeling the climate impacts of quite the same prophecy and not struggling at the same way for centuries of life like food Well let's look at food insecurity specifically how does how does climate change make an impact on on food insecurity just give us some examples of how it manifests itself. Well there's direct impacts of climate change so things like droughts and floods that obviously impact a year's harvest and say thank you climatic conditions mean pharmacy find it difficult to. Find it hard to know when to plant the seeds and once do the harvest because they just don't have the surety if the weather patterns having been the right that they have been and the way that the Hamas understand to the longstanding knowledge but there's also indirect impacts of insecurity on things like nutrition climate change means that there are changes in the balance of nutrients but then plants for instance and so that makes it hard to get high quality nutritional food out and 30 to top this list of of the world's most insecure countries give us some detail of how at a granular level what impact climate change is making on this particular African country will burn the faces a number of development challenges including conflict and political unrest and so climate change acts as a threat multiplier and so finding so that the risk the highest in the north of the country which is already vulnerable to rainfall shortages and in some areas soil erosion also and in the west of the country to the plains experience both rainfall shortages and floods but this is a country that has abundant natural resources and if it were given the support to develop probably there's a lot of potential solar and hydro power and think creating resilience in the economy in the face of what is it that you think you might be able to achieve with this report this meeting in Geneva but I think it's an important means of gaining traction and more interest in the crucial area food security I mean there are many millions of people who aren't waiting to leave the base and I call true organization the un found that somewhere in the region of 820000000 who are suffering from malnutrition and so highlighting this issue is part of the land conversation on climate change and I think the crucial one. That was Dr Katherine Kramer Christian aids global leader on climate change. This is the b.b.c. World Service and in Virginia us a raspberry falls a place with deer rabbits and harbor trees it's a quiet neighborhood where cabin Mallory seem to fit right in while he was very nice he was very kind he seemed to be a good person the former CIA officer was a churchgoing patriot who loved his country and yet he betrayed it too probably was worried about being under surveillance we just thought that was extremely bizarre behavior he was recruited for aspiring and sold us state secrets to Chinese agents stereo's no going back at the beginning it can be new and exciting the reality sets in but he got caught not to the detective work of u.s. Authorities but to a series of his own errors I'm Terry McCarthy join me as we uncover the story of how an ordinary man became a spy this by over Osprey falls at b.b.c. World Service dot com slash documentaries. Coming up on News Hour in the next 30 minutes Britain's new foreign minister travels to North America to drum up trade for a post Rex it Britain but what kind of reception will he get Also China issues a stern warning to Hong Kong's democracy protesters will hear from one of them a legislator and a massive explosion rocks Russia Siberian region but what's caused it well coming up after a summary of the latest world news. B.b.c. News with Marion Marshall in a strong warning to democracy protesters in Hong Kong China has said that those who play with fire will perish by it the central government accuse them of pushing the territory into an abyss as that they mustn't underestimate China's immense power but added that it believed the local authorities were able to control the situation for now Washington says it will try and prevent Turkey from carrying out unilaterally incursions into territory held by Kurdish fighters in northern Syria the Pentagon said such a move would be unacceptable Turkey wants to establish a buffer zone there and inquire into Chelsea Football Club is founded a former talent scout sexually abused young players in the 1970 is the report said the English club must have been aware of this as some parents had complained about the man but it hadn't taken any action Russian firefighters have brought under control the blaze caused by an explosion at an ammunition depot in Siberia on Monday parts of the area remained cordoned off and people who left their homes are not being allowed back yet. North Korea says it will continue its weapons test it had earlier repeated its criticism of joined us South Korean military exercises calling them a violation of existing agreements the Indonesian president says officers who allow forest fires to get out of control would be dismissed the country and its neighbors were affected by devastating forest fires in 2015 supporters of the Libyan warlord Khalifa Haftar say they've carried out more airstrikes against an air base in Misrata fighters in the city allied to the country's u.n. Backed government a Spanish man has publicly apologized after he was caught throwing a fridge down a ravine However he only said sorry after police made him hold it back to the roadside and posted footage of him carrying out the task the man said he lost his job at a domestic appliance shop b.b.c. News. Welcome back to news coming up next Hong Kong we speak to a legislator who is taking part in the pro-democracy protests but 1st breaks it down Britain's proly Foreign Minister Dominic Robb has embarked on a tour of North America where he plans to fire up the conversation on trade with Canada the u.s. And Mexico Britain is due to leave the European Union on the 31st of October and the prime minister Boris Johnson insists it will do so even if a deal with the e.u. Has not been reached beforehand so what can Britain expect when it goes into negotiations on a post BRICs a trade deal with the us well the former u.s. Treasury Secretary Larry Summers says Britain is in a weak position Britain has much less to gear then Europe as a whole did therefore less reason for the United States to make concessions you make organizations dealing with a wealthy man they need to deal with the poor man 2nd Britain has no leverage Britain is desperate Britain has nothing else it needs an agreement very soon when you have a desperate partner that's when you strike the hardest bargain in the last thing you do is quit a job before you look for you do it in the same way as stablish ing Absolutely there is a matter of sacred for the simple you're leaving Europe has to be the worst way to give you leverage with any new potential partners. I think the difficulty for Britain is there are agreements that one could imagine that would be really good for Britain and there are agreements that one could imagine that we surely be ratify of all but I fear they are different agreements I get most likely thing is that neither the Wal-Mart be a complete agreement that is submitted for ratification would be my best guess. Every summer as with that unfavorable to say the least few it appears to conflict with the Republican senator Tom Cotton who put together a letter to the British prime minister pledging to back a trade deal with the u.k. The letter was signed by 45 Republican senators and Senator cotton told the b.b.c. The u.s. And Britain can can reach a mutually beneficial agreement on trade I would say that Great Britain is and a pretty strong position and we have highly complimentary economies this is not the kind of trade they'll have very mismatched economies we're going to have large flows of state many factory jobs one way and high tech or advanced economic jobs the other way so I'm pretty optimistic about getting a good deal that benefits both of our nations would of course we've all heard President Trump's slogan America fest and isn't that the approach these lucky to take to these negotiations where it does like say America versus any Russians later does he puts our Haitian interests 1st but he's also said on many occasions going back to the immediate aftermath of the 2016 directive that he would like to see a free trade agreement with Great Britain and he sees it being a pretty sweeping through trade agreement as well and no small part because our economies are so complimentary the Republican senator Tom Cotton dismissing the idea that Britain has no leverage in negotiating a post Breck's it trade deal with the u.s. Insisting President Trump wants a deal with the u.k. Not some p.c. On that story on our website bbc don't call him forward slash news. You're listening to News Hour from b.b.c. . To Hong Kong now and China issues yes another warning to pro-democracy protesters saying that those who play with fire will perish by it the spokesman from the office of Hong Kong and Macau said protest is should not underestimate the immense strength and resolve of the central government. Yang growing told reporters in Beijing the protests the protests had harmed Hong Kong's prosperity and stability and were pushing the city into an abyss he called on the people of Hong Kong to bring an end to the unrest Young got a bargain knocking and you knew by the thought you the situation in Hong Kong has developed into this grim situation today the urgent task facing all Hong Kong citizens is very clear that is in one sentence to stop the violence and restore order we must call out to the people of Hong Kong that we've reached an important moment to stand up and protect our beautiful home our gallon drum Yashica and stay young said the Chinese army would protect every inch of China's territory if necessary don't go in and you're finding your way or what the Chinese People's Liberation Army is and incomparably strong and powerful force for safeguarding the security of every inch of the sacred territory of the motherland this is the 1st point the 2nd point is that the Chinese People's Liberation Army is both a mighty army and a civilized dominating the People's Liberation Army listens to the party's command and the People's Liberation Army acts in accordance with the law when talking about the garrison the garrison it also act in accordance with the law and act in accordance with the relevant rules and regulations of the garrison law and the basic law. She should. The view from Beijing Well a short time ago we got through to an independent lawmaker in the Hong Kong legislature Her name is Claudia moat and she has been out on the streets of the city protesting alongside thousands of Hong Kong residents demanding a change in how they are governed It's almost like the conventional tactic to turn opposition into some national security issue and that would give them every race and to clamp down on this sort of opposition and so sickly they will use the Hong Kong police force as a substitute for the upkeep goes liberal. And verbal If they want to spin it not just domestically but also in Snatch and the like that so this is an inter know Chinese matter and outsiders should keep off there is also inherent in the warning from Beijing a threat Mr Yang the official who spoke is calling for more patriotic education and encouraging residents to confront protestors What do you understand by that well that's very very worrying and then this the sort of keep hope against people kind of tactic is that police force is not enough to stop the young from taking to the streets and they would use your neighbors your fellow Hong Kong residents that's almost like animals 19 Eighty-Four kind of society you talked about the suggestion that the Hong Kong police are acting as a proxy for the People's Liberation Army the Chinese army the Chinese army does of course have a garrison in Hong Kong and they issued a video last week which showed the soldiers training to confront the protesters I wonder in your mind whether you. I think that that kind of physical intervention which is completely legal within the Constitution is imminent I suspect and I hope it's not imminent to start with I understand that particular video has been taken out already that's no longer on the website and too I should think all the learned people and Beijing should realize it would be such a high stakes game for them to intervene in Hong Kong militarily because the international acknowledge make and diplomatic to click takeover costs would be huge I think as a result they were just keep repeating how much they support the Hong Kong police force you have been out protesting and you were out on Monday I wonder if you would accept that these protests are now getting out of hand that the wanton violence is something that actually dilutes the argument that you're putting forward for more democracy it was unexpected what happened in the streets there yesterday that we always hope that the strike as a non bloody fight what some of the Young told me that they were perfectly angered by Kerry Lamsa the press conference when Kerry lands at the young. Has that changed and morphed into something else they're trying to stop the revolution they are targeting at the government and so on and so forth but she cannot roll she's not wrong the young people out protesting are using the word revolution and they are actively using missiles and throwing them x. Government buildings now from the point of view of being a legislator Surely you must see that it is incumbent upon anyone in a position of authority. To at least ensure the law and order is maintained or this the law in order not being maintained as a question a situation for Kerry land to resolve if she had the guts. Willpower to govern Hong Kong she could have stopped. The things getting worse and thing but you have to understand the young anger because they have actually suffered on the front lines. In how the cop knows how many the tear gas canisters and things. That was Claudia Mo who is an independent lawmaker in the Hong Kong legislature. Now if you are with us yesterday you'll have heard our report on Norway's justice model which focuses on rehabilitation rather than retribution when Norway moved away from a punitive lock up approach 20 years ago it sharply reduce the number of inmates who offended after release part of that success has been attributed to its overhaul of prison offices they train for at least 2 years and now serve as mentors and role models for prisoners rather than just God's image and has been to Live Strong Oslo where all Norwegian prison guards are trained for it. Looked like a prison cell of God You can also walk up stairs and look in a replica prison block at the University College of the Norwegian correctional service with prison officer trainees get a taste of what's to come I can see some riot gear with us helmets I'm happy to use it they do of course get security and riot training as part of their instruction Bottas direct a hands ya can broker explains this is a me a tiny part of that course we want not just to be gods they have law law of being in prison and hope to treat prisoners they have a community of reintegration of social work and criminal they also have knowledge if if. If you're in the study how competitive is it to become a prison officer in Norway you can't just walk in and say I'd like to be a prison officer no we have about $1200.00 applicants for. Certain to 5 places and the We Are the careful process because you want to best in the 1st semester they are here in the 2nd 3rd or alter the training person and the last must back here for theory and exams they have. A lot. Of the. Trainee prison guard young Frederick under some flanked by experienced officer linen draper's some has just started a year's placement and held on high security prison. In the u.k. Prison officers are trained in just 3 months your Frederick's training will take 2 to 3 years but right now I don't feel I don't feel ready for. All the things this kind of job put you into so I think 3 months sounds like well how can you learn to treat people in crisis in 3 months we like to use term officer because a guard is just a part of it you have to have. A psychologist you have to be yeah health very every kind of way you have to think about how you say things while saying things we have to be a role model for the inmates told to get back. At the open a yoga class barefoot murderous and drug smugglers and their prison officers the p.d. And the stretch into a child's pose at the instructor's command. Help governor who dial explains prison officers here have to be actively involved in the inmates lives. We are together all day with inmates all the way from morning until evening. The officers are together with them in the unit they eat them dinner together with them they have leisure activities together with inmates we call that dynamic security we are together with them in the past their way back back back back and anybody. The dynamic security seems to keep things calm in England and Wales and so some prison staff have almost tripled in 5 years. We don't have wild ones we thought of violence against officers we have some incidents where. You make this spitting on the on the officers but we have some threats of course but fighting against officers you don't have to this is my 1st sentence and possible moment they want and I was expected to be more violence and not more tense What surprised me that they're actually quite calm they're very calm person it also have a good environment between prisoners and guards that's Kim serving 17 years for murder he's one of 258 inmates here and there are 290 prison staff since officers teachers and workshop shooters working around him Kim's a little ambivalent about the close contact system to try to interact some prisoners like that some prisoners don't is a good thing that interact but not too much because you always have that even though I'm a prisoner also skeptical to guards are cameras going to trust you what will you do if I open up myself will use it against me later on stuff like this so yeah it is kind of a 2 edged sword if you can say it like there's a double edged double edged you thought summer holiday and you certainly. Some of them of at the university training college all the students around doing work experience direct a hands your can broker or is this a prison system which doesn't offer a thorough education to its officers is a system that won't work I think it's a high risk for corruption because in our system they are quite well paid and we are but the soft annoy more prison officers and I think that it's a good investment because we have better results for 3. And that was the 2nd of our special report from our correspondent Emma Jane Kirby on the prison model the justice model in Norway which is changing people's minds around the world. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service I'm Reza. This is News and. This is the b.b.c. World Service on the 28th of July 960 follow another shower in the. Last that. Didn't. Nothing is the most daring and one of the most momentous day there is little told by the people took to the. Lessons of the whole series of 30 minutes to the moon and many of our other moon anniversary programs at b.b.c. World Service dot com slash 30 minutes and in 10 minutes people fixing the world looks at putting a price on carbon the e.u. Doesn't decide the price of carbon just how much carbon in total the power sector can emit an amount that it gradually lowers every year the price is left up to the market so when the return many carbon permits the price falls off a cliff and that's followed by World Business report now though it's back to resurrect bell and News Hour. And a reminder of our top story the South China has warned that it will take on specified countermeasures if the United States goes ahead with plans to deploy intermediate range missiles in the Asia Pacific region earlier former Australian intelligence analyst Sam Vane told us it would be some time before any new u.s. Missiles are installed the climbs are that the United States is planning to test our ground launched cruise missile within a matter of weeks and then to test a ground launched ballistic missile sometime later in the year I believe in October but there's a tests and I think the best judges are saying it'll be several years before deployment takes place to other headlines the Pentagon has warned Turkey not to make deeper incursions into territory held by Kurdish fighters in northern Syria and Toni Morrison Nobel laureate who very few people we can say about this transfigured American literature has died at the age of $88.00 more on that before the end of the program. This is Reza with news hour live from the b.b.c. In London now Indian administered Kashmir a region on the border between 2 nuclear power States Pakistan and India remains locked down a day after it was stripped of a special status that gave it significant autonomy telephone networks and the Internet which were cut off on Sunday evening are yet to be restored and even more troops than usual patrol the streets the revocation of special status was expected to trigger widespread protests but it's not yet possible to ascertain how people there have reacted to the news the Himalayan region of Kashmir is claimed in its entirety by both India and Pakistan but each control only parts of it there is a long running separatist insurgency on the Indian side which has led to thousands of deaths joining me in the studio now is Bashar Paya a Kashmiri journalist who works for The New York Times he has just come back from Kashmir which are let's start 1st of all by just getting you to explain you've just come back from there but we now know that we can't actually get through to anyone have you been able to. Suddenly know my parents are there I've been I've been calling and calling but you can't reach anyone on the phone there's no response to emails or what's a passages There's nothing it's a complete lockdown and has that ever happened before yes it has happened before it's. I mean India did contribute a lot to the I kinda astray but sadly also to Internet you know controls and kind of authoritarian behavior when it comes to communication it happened in 2016 but Internet shutdowns are routine in Kashmir the moment there's a sign of protests the police the government shuts down Internet slows down the speeds it's a regular feature it's very very regular But this is phenomenal This is a moment of catastrophic occasion where the place is completely under siege and they have done the unthinkable and when you talk about it as the unthinkable what kind of impact to do you think it's going to have in a region in a place that is already so incredibly militarized it's essentially you know taking the Chinese approach what the Chinese did to Tibet Modi wants to do to Kashmir complete domination take away any. Rights which guarantee a certain cultural identity which guaranteed sort on the most character it's not look it's not Paris on any given day it's the most militarized place in the world which has suffered immense brutality in the last 30 years and the armory Yeah yeah I know your government would say they would argue that this will open it to development that it's long lacked if you want to. If you're really concerned about economic growth of a place do you send more than a 1000 soldiers and shut it down lock down its people and change the legal fundamental nature of that it's agreement with you truly without hearing any represented use or for any kind elected non-elected civil society it's an authoritarian move stemming from this Hindu majority this is what talk will call the tyranny of the authority it comes from that impulse that we have the power and there are no tricks the world doesn't care about a small place called the schmear or we can do what we want and just briefly Bashar what do you think will be the impact of this once the the region is opened up again and we can communicate with people I can I can sense the frustration and the anger so you think they'll be resistant there will be resistance and we don't know what form that will take it's hard I can't overreach my parents so it's really difficult to know what tomorrow will bring the share of papers maybe journalists working for The New York Times joining us live here in the studio thanks so just before we go final item today breaking news while we've been on the American novelist Tony Morrison who was the 1st black woman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature has died at the age of 88 I've interviewed Toni Morrison a couple of times she is a writer very close to my heart we have in the studio with me our correspondent Vincent Daoud Let's just hear 1st of all a conversation I had we have a small small snapshot of it I asked her about being an African American writer those days the early days when I began to write the people I got compliments from other writers about the value and the beauty perhaps of the book. And in order to elevate my reputation. I remember being at the author's event and I think it was Dr Ro or somebody who said turning worse in this wonderful writer I don't think of her as a woman writer. I don't think of her as an African-American writer. I think of her as if he paused and I think did a white male write it was. So the categories that we were being put it so I claimed it yes I am Eve like woman writer whatever that means as I continued writing the problem became the gaze of white gaze that was always present in so many books by African-Americans men on the. Right yes yes they were not writing to me. And I always used the title of Ralph else's book which I love by the way this is an extraordinary book but the title set me that a little because it was then visible man and I thought invisible to home. To them you know so it was like the even the best of the slave narratives were dressed to the readers were always assumed to be white people and not black people so I was determined not to do that. Truly inimitable Toni Morrison speaking to me in 2014 hour correspondence and that is here with me in the studio interesting Vincent that what she did more than any other writer was that she placed African-Americans particularly women at the heart of her right and yet an absolutely historically important how interesting that now when race in the u.s. Is so important of course it's always important but it's particularly important I think her loss the death will be seen as a huge loss when the. Nobel cable long the citation said in novels characterized by visionary for some poetic import she gave life to an essential aspect of American reality and that certainly was always true best known book I suppose beloved in 1907 but I think she's one of those writers where it's not individual books I think it's the body of work which is so important Vincent out our correspondent joining us live here just to leave you with one quote There are so many things of value that she left us she said we die that may be the meaning of life but we do language that may be the measure of our lives Toni Morrison Nobel laureate 1st African-American woman to win that prize has died at the age of 88 that brings us to the end of this edition of News out thanks for your company. This is the b.b.c. World Service with a playlist that's out of this world music is a reflection of times of social and cultural change. That the role of our joining me on a journey into space to me is. From the start of the Space Race to the present day music to land on the moon by Has b.b.c. World Service dot com. And in an hour we join Chloe Tilly for a way we'll hear from 2 Kashmiris would say Rise fees up to the region is stripped of its special status money and government plus the hash tag video games and not to play trending chillies sheets in the u.s. Look at the ease of the game people fixing the world is next on the b.b.c. World Service So what's radio station. Coming up after the news it's people fixing the World with me Tom calls climate change is going to end up costing humanity lots of money but for most of human history pumping out greenhouse gases has come for free that is now changing as schemes around the world attempt to put a price on carbon emissions the raw power stations trading pollution the looks that I was a carbon is now 29 year olds and $0.16 so that's the price of a carbon allowance which gives you the rights to pollute the atmosphere by $1.00 ton of c o 2 and offsetting operations cancelling carbon across the globe for it's those we saved every 10 Perry is the mission of c o 2 for using 1st Mr Cortland less roots that's his 1st step to protect the forests become the financial mechanisms deliver a low carbon world that's coming up on people fixing the world after the b.b.c. News. Hello I'm Marion Marshall with the b.b.c. News China has issued a stern warning to protest as in Hong Kong saying those who play with fire will perish by it a spokesman for the office of Hong Kong and Macau said protesters shouldn't underestimate the immense strength and resolve of the central government is our correspondent in Hong Kong Steve McDonald It was a threat from the Chinese government relayed to the most radical protestors that Beijing will not tolerate this instability but at some point the message is it will get involved and that means the People's Liberation Army now today was asked about that and the spokesman for that ministry from the central government responsible call said that for now they believe the whole place can handle this however he said that those protesters should not underestimate Beijing's result the United States has warned that a fresh unilateral Turkish military push into Kurdish held parts of northern Syria would be unacceptable on Sunday Turkey's president. Said his forces would carry out an incursion a Middle East analyst Alan Johnston reports the u.s. Defense secretary Mark has made clear his opposition to any crash Turkish.