Both confirm their places meaning the knockout stage will comprise teams from only England France Germany Italy and Spain Tottenham who had already qualified the last 31 by Munich with Ryan starting your own scoring in his 1st start for Spurs. Bagged a hat trick as Manchester City 141 away at Dinamo Zagreb city had already assured they would top their group in the Championship West Brom stay 2nd behind Leeds on goal difference after being held 11 at Wigan Duncan Ferguson will remain in charge of Everton when they visit Manchester United in the Premier League on Sunday he took over as caretaker manager last week following the sacking of Marco silver and the British heavyweight Dillion White has been formally reinstated as the mandatory challenger for Dion to a wild as w.b.c. Heavyweight title it comes after a white how to charge for a doping violation dropped this is b.b.c. Radio 5 Live on digital b.b.c. Sound it's smart speaker. Look at the weather low pressure moving eastwards across the u.k. Producing cloudy skies today will bring some cherry rain from many areas of the country Hill snow a possibility in the north as well and highs today 7 degrees in Belfast 9 in London . And Chris asked this morning Rick Astley we have dug out an interview from Smash Hits like this in the us mushers we're going to do the same with the same questions decent resembles you the most. Still Be careful I'm not going to say I'm going to say on the drums because a lot playing. The piano is because. There's lots of dog. Owners like American and you've got mills and Chris Stark Saturday morning from he sees radio. This is a poor night on 5 Live daughter an added bonus coming up in this in a moment will find out the latest on the shooting a couple of. Days ago in Jersey City in the United States remember those shooting the started in one location and moved on to another location for more information on that also for our weekend signs which you could about fossil records showing giant human sized Penguins which swam in sub tropical southern hemisphere waters 60000000 years ago was 70 finding out what India's upper house of parliament has done that pass a controversial bill and it seems to be of a sectarian nature at least has on the accusations about and Israel goes to the polls for the 3rd time in a year 3rd time in a year and yes the word of the year the word of the year is one you already know maybe not as much in the context in which it's used nowadays Now officials in Jersey City in the u.s. Say that c.c.t.v. Footage shows that the Jewish grocery store that was the scene of a shootout on she's day was deliberately targeted in an anti semitic attack 6 people including a police officer into silence were killed Hillary Lane is a reporter at c.b.s. News and has been on the scene today Hillary do you mind just recapping for us what happened yesterday your time. Yeah this was an absolutely tragic attack police say that it all started at a cemetery when the 2 suspects opened gunfire they shot and killed a detective Detective feels he's been with the Jersey City police for since 2006 he was a dad with 5 children they didn't specifically targeted a Kosher Supermarket in Jersey City surveillance video shows both a man and a woman walking into the store we believe that they were dating and starting to shoot now we know that police had an armored vehicle that they backed into the store and when they pulled it out after a gun battle they saw that you suspect that we know 3 bystanders who were in the store one employee one young 24 year old who just happened to be there and the wife of the store owner were killed along with at the tech dead and the 2 suspects are dead at this time do we know anything about the 2 suspects. Well it's been reported that they're part of a black and Hebrew Israel a group it's been labeled as a hate group the New York Times is also reporting that they posted anti-Semitic anti police posts we know that they are dead we know that there are a man and woman David adversaries and grand grand There are reports that they were dating but according to friends and family these were people who really had a vendetta against the Jewish people police have not come out and said what the motive was that many in the community are calling it a hate crime but police say that they specifically targeted a Kosher Supermarket What about the people. Yeah very very sad story we know one woman Mindy Ferenc she was 32 years old she was a mother of 5 she was the co owner of that supermarket her family actually moved to this part of Jersey City to show that it's a great place to live and they started this kosher supermarket to make sure that Jewish people in the area had food there was a young 24 year old and Moshe Deutsch he was the son of a prominent Jewish leader Abe Deutsch he just happened to be in the wrong place wrong time was in the supermarket when I gun battle broke out and then another one of the big does is make gals Douglas he was a 49 year old he was an employee at the store we also know that there was one survivor someone that was able to escape once the gunfire started and police are not releasing his name at this time and as we mentioned detectives feels a huge loss for the Jersey City Police Department he will he was killed at a cemetery before the attack on the supermarket the Jersey City Police Department mourning his loss have the authorities managed to work out between the shooting at the cemetery and the subsequent shooting at the supermarket Yeah they believe it was the same 2 people David Anderson and Francine Graham you know it's unclear what their motive was police keep saying it's unclear it's unclear why did they start at the scene at the cemetery and then move to the supermarket where they just on a shooting rampage was there something that trigger them at the cemetery that we're not sure but we do know that it was the same 2 suspects a man and a woman people have confirmed that they were dating although police have not said so but we do know that it was the same suspects responsible for killing this detective at the cemetery and then moving and killing 3 bystanders at the supermarket and what's been the reaction in Jersey City so to this attack. This community is heartbroken you know this was a place that many Jewish people had started to move they started to build this community and it's about a half an hour outside of New York City it's a more affordable area an area that the Jewish people really saw as a place to start growing this vibrant Jewish community raising children and making Jersey City home so the news that is expected of a almost 20 year veteran of the force was killed along with 3 innocent bystanders at the supermarket is not only Harper again heartbreaking but also striking fear among many people who have moved to Jersey City who want this to be their all and are heartbroken that this type of attack could happen in their community still being treated as a terrorist attack you know I wonder why not. Police are still investigating it takes time for police to come up with all of the evidence they they want to do their police work they want to make sure every Ts crossed every I is is jotted when they bring charges against a suspect although they're dead when they bring this case out they want to make sure that they have everything you know police want to be careful not to talk too soon and before they present a case of what's being called domestic terrorism they want to make sure that all the evidence has been processed this black Israelites move the 2 suspects believed to the impulse of do we know anything about. We know that they've been labeled as a hate group the New York Times a newspaper here in the u.s. Said that the suspects as part of this group had posted an anti-Semitic anti-police manifesto police have are aware of this group and they've been on their radar and have been known for hateful posts and hateful rhetoric in the past. And the community prior to this was a peaceful community did the different communities within the city did they live in relative harmony. How they did I mean it was a peaceful community Jersey City is an exciting area for many people New York City is very expensive to live and the prices are real estate are just going up enough he can live in Jersey City and just a quick trip outside of the city a quick trip to get in this is a place that's really exciting and a lot and a place that many people want to live and with an expanding Jewish community is a place that many people had their eyes on they were really looking to stretch the city community as a place to grow and build and they got along with their neighbors and had this harmonious community so really came as a shock for such a tragic and violent accident in today to happen in this community has it been a hearts and security presence on the streets is this absolutely I was on the scene all day and you see numerous police officers and firefighters in the area not only processing evidence but they want people to feel safe in this community when something like this so tragic and so seemingly random strikes in neighborhood people are immediately fearful they're scared to go outside they're scared to do their everyday activities so police are on the street letting people know listen this was an isolated incident although for a ball there this is no longer a threat relating to this incident we will be here we'll be protecting you a week and we want you to go on with your everyday life and enjoy everything Jersey City have to offer but there was one person inside the store that managed to escape . Police are releasing his name for his privacy but police say somehow amid all the gunfire this person was able to escape police aren't releasing many details we've asked for his name we've asked for some information about him the for their own privacy and to help him get back into normal day life of course is that something traumatic to see so for his own privacy and to help him acclimate back to everyday life they are releasing any details the police say this man was quick thinking and was able to escape as gunfire started in the supermarket I can understand their reluctance to give details about the man's. About Manny's and so on but do we know if he's been able to as he's hopefully when told inside that supermarket that he is cooperate ing with the investigation we know he was treated at the hospital not clear of any injuries he might have but we looked at for all the psychological effects that could happen imagine you're just shopping in a grocery store this kosher runs kosher supermarkets are getting specific food for Jewish people and you all the sudden p. 2 suspects walk in we saw in this chilling surveillance video in search you think start opening fire it's true that I could so scary so clearly he has a lot to process it was extremely traumatic for him but we know he was able to escape has been looked at and is helping police at this time and the 2 suspects how did they die. We're not sure exactly who is a man and a woman we know and David Anderson and Princie Graham are the 2 suspects it sounds clear there was a gunfire with police we know police ended up having to ram an armored truck into the store as part of this long standoff and when they got out they saw those 2 suspects dead so it's unclear how Secondly they died whether was gunfire with gunfire with police I mean it is likely Police believe that it was the exchange of gunfire there was an extremely long standoff but it's unclear exactly how they died that's still part of the investigation in a very frank you very much. And how much in relay news reported c.b.s. News and has been on the same there in Jersey City all day now India is perhaps a parliament and swiftly passed a controversial bill to fast track citizenship claims for immigrants but only for non Muslims the government has denied accusations that it's discriminatory saying it's meant to help the minorities fare in persecution I spoke up or not it's rotund and doesn't this is the only story in town at this point in time in India this bill which was passed in the looks where the government had a huge majority now it's being passed in the other house of parliament the register as well which was a little more tricky for the government because their majority there was much less and some of their allies decided not to vote but it's gone through which means it's going to be law this it isn't shit bill covers 3 countries people coming in from 3 countries Afghanistan Pakistan and Bangladesh and what it basically says is is that people who leave those countries and come to India will be able to get quick citizenship but there's a proviso here not if you're Muslim if you're Hindu if you're Christian if you're Buddhist if you're Sikh you know if you're a posse then that's fine you will be allowed under these new laws but if you're Muslim you're not going to be covered by these new laws and that is the story that is dominating here in India at the moment sectarian law what the government has said is because this is so contentious is look if you take those 3 countries that surround India they are Muslim countries so if you're talking about why people should leave those countries if they're being persecuted according to the Indian government at the moment and Mr Modi has said this is one of the the most important acts that is coming in recent times. You will only be facing problems if you're from a minority if you're not from that particular religious group which is why they say that they have now brought in this law they point to the fact that since the partition of India if you look at countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh according to the Indian government the number of minorities in there is decreasing and that is why they say they have brought in this new law to address that particular problem one of the critics of the bill saying there are many critics of this bill Firstly let's just hear some of those protests that have been taking place in Delhi . If India is a democratic country if connotation is guided with more biased to any religion why should there be a citizenship bill with that particular mention it's only for the non Muslims means Muslims are categorically excluded from a constitution gives everyone equal days not on the this is a pretty clean anything else and we all the citizens are equal that is the main criticism there are other interesting points here let's take a country like Sri Lanka why they're not included in the build a Tamils of Sri Lanka we know they've been huge problems there. The the the Buddhists have to bad then also not covered under the new citizenship bill and what happens in a country like Pakistan where we know there have been problems between Sunni and Shia as if the Shia suddenly says I need to leave this country because of religious persecution or can they go to to India now I think there's a deeper fundamental question that the opposition are asking here what they're saying is that look this is part of a much wider strategy by Mr Mo these government we've had the Ayodhya temple ruling we've talked a lot about what's been going on in Indian administered Kashmir this is about moving India away from being a secular country to a Hindu country that's what the critics say the Indian government has said today there is nothing for Muslims to worry about this is nothing to do with the Muslims who live in India this is to do with the surrounding countries and was the bill a particular issue in the northeast of in India it's complicated enough less complicated a little bit more here. The people who live in the Northeast in Assam where which is now under curfew at the moment trip or another state the Internet all mobile phones have been cut off because such is the fear of violence. In those areas we have seen that close to the Bangladesh border over the years we've seen mass immigration that they've come into those areas what they're saying is look we don't care whether you're going to Aladdin Hindus Christian Sikhs we don't want anybody coming into these particular areas any more we cannot have any more immigration here so if you're saying to people that actually if you're of a particular religious group from these countries we're going to speed up your citizenship we're not going to accept that and I think over the next few days what happens in the northeast of India. It's going to be it's going to be interesting to see how the government deals with this because one of the reasons why they brought in this bill something else that we talked about before was this register that the government's coming up with and when they did not register I think the idea was to tackle illegal immigration from Bangladesh which many people thought would be many Muslims but there was a lot of Hindus in those particular groups as well and when the government talked about removing those people that doesn't play well with the call vote for Mr Mo these parties so it's an extremely complicated situation at this point in time we have the army being deployed in many parts of India because there is a fear that some of these protests could get even more violent and the bill hasn't even been it's been passed it's not been introduced this seems like a mess of the government's own making. Some would say that this would say you know we talk in many parts of the world about the the impact of immigration. And that here we have an Indian government which is trying to tackle a problem in a part of the country where it is an issue where many people would accept that it has become an issue to some extent but I think the critics would say yes this is a problem that they didn't really need to address in the way that they have addressed it and long term it could have a serious consequences for secular India wrote Chandan The deadline has passed for Israel's political parties to form a new government which triggers the 3rd elections within a year they'll be held in March in polls in April and September the Likud party of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the blue white alliance of Benny Gantz came neck and neck both falling short of a majority both leaders unsuccessfully tried to form a government and talks over a unity government also broke down Mr Netanyahu will go into the elections facing charges of bribery breach of trust and fraud Well Raul would slip Fiz political correspondent for The Times of Israel I asked him if election fatigue sets in we've already been in unprecedented territory in Israel for a number of months and this is another stage in what's becoming an increasingly dysfunctional. Political system both Benjamin Netanyahu and his main challenger and he can't fail to listen now failed twice and as a result we're headed to elections in 11 months why has the government become dysfunctional. There's a deep rift between the 2 largest parties the liquid and the plume white party need willing to accept each other's leadership and while both of called for a unity government neither has been able to make the concessions to agree to sit and the other lead. In mentioned youse case it's widely believed he's seeking immunity parliamentary immunity and from prosecution in 3 criminal cases which is currently facing indictment and is unwilling to sit in the government. With anyone else who will not give him that I mean at c.n.n. Benny Gantz his case he's unwilling to sit under a bench and given the indictments and. I say and just to be clear Benjamin Netanyahu represents Likud. Yes absolutely Ok is it is it the government that is dysfunctional all the political system it's both really we have a proportional representation system here in Israel which over the years has led to increased fragmentation there are 12 parties main parties vying for seats. In the Knesset and almost impossible for any. Majority on their own so they're forced to rely on a number of smaller parties in the over the last year there's been an effort to push for a national unity government as I said between the 2 largest But neither party never to make compromises with this it together and we're now in the situation where both the system and the specific government. Will to move forward one of the elect should out with this. Sense a voter fatigue of this stage well there was a large assumption in the 2nd election that would be voted that would bring a sharp decrease in being there was actually an increase and we may see the same again in the current election was around 69 percent which is one of which is fairly high in the West. And where we may well see even even higher numbers it seems that even. Many Israeli city disappointed in the current situation are still coming out about it's a gamble the Netanyahu because if he if he's policy does unable to form a government as you say he's got these criminal charges are you know resulted Yes 6 Exactly and he has no guarantee he'll be able to succeed in the next election will form a new government and the current situation does. Help him out because with the lack of a parliament. Process of him requesting immunity and therefore the process of him finally being indicted is currently held up until there's a government until because there's a functioning Knesset he called on effectively the Knesset for immunity and asked for his indictments and his trial late and we shouldn't write him off at all because he's the great survivor of Israeli politics isn't it is there still the love for him amongst a large section of villages to has been for the last couple of decades. There certainly is and even though he's now facing a leadership primary within his Likud Party there's still widespread support and. He may have managed to deepen that support by in in some of his base by using these indictments to spur a sense of anger at the state prosecution and the judicial system in Israel and what about Mr Netanyahu is rival Benny Gantz of the bloom white part see what well he told us about him we have very little about the the rivals of the opposition if you like in Israeli politics what is what stands out about him so a former chief of staff of the of the i.d.f. He came to Israeli politics nearly out of out of nowhere just a year ago forming the blue and white party from a number of other parties that put together and he he's quite a stoic seriously. Haps lacks the charisma and oratory skills of. Approaches his leadership in a very. Like fashion one might say. Using reaching out to different people within his party and making decisions based on. Their collective collective wisdom rather than leading like that. Very much top down and when's the election likely to take place. Knesset is overnight election. March the 2nd 83 days from today but there are already talk about this already about when the date of the 4th election could take place which. Even being. There we thought we had problems. Anyway speaking to me earlier That's Raul is a political correspondent for The Times of Israel Ok joke of the night joke of the incident one it's a good one listen up identity and about half an hour ago we inadvertently played a jingle for Audra shop you normally presents his program on a Thursday morning. I don't know what to say off the back of it is enough or not we have Raj up so I just said off the cuff Well I can be black rod for a night and sharp as a razor comes a response from a listener who says Dotson this Black Rod is not a little bit too political for today to get it Black wrote anyway all I can say is I'll be walking backwards to happiness were pie da's Helen Shapiro would say it all make sense trust me or make sense and after the news and sports will be making some more sense we'll be hearing about the word of the year among some things and move try and talk about the week in science as well but 1st let's get the latest 5 Live headlines here's your Clarkson from digital b.b.c. Sounds smart speaker come on Venus is b.b.c. Radio 5 line thank you done as reported a Hollywood film producer Harvey Weinstein has reached a settlement in several claims brought by some women who accused him of sexual harassment and assault under the $25000000.00 deal he wouldn't have to admit any wrongdoing separately He's due to go on trial in January on criminal charges which he denies efforts. To retrieve bodies from New Zealand's White Island volcano have been put on hold because of signs of increased seismic activity 8 people are now confirmed to have died and 9 still missing presumed dead and 5 investigations found a number of football clubs in the Championship are in serious financial trouble it's found that spending or footballers wages in the 201718 financial year out strip clubs total revenue by 11 percent and it's decision time in the general election with voters going to the polls today to determine who forms a government it's the 3rd election in less than 5 years polling stations open at 7 o'clock this morning in 650 constituencies around the country as a goal the support this morning has Shutterstock The Champions League produced a record number of goals in his group stage with 308 across the fix match days are in another 1st the last 16 teams in this year's competition will come from just 5 countries 4 clubs each from England and Spain 3 apiece from Germany and Italy and 2 from France's league on Tottenham who had already booked their spot in the knockout stage last 3 want to buy Munich Ryan 13 young scored on his 1st start for Spurs manager Josie Marino defends his decision to make several changes happy with the decisions I made I hope that all supporters they understand what I did and we all understand internally we all agreed that was the best option for the players like playing every minute and also the best option for the players that are not playing and for the young players that we need to develop so internally we made this decision and the sink is the best decision for both Manchester City meanwhile ice to their cake and put a cherry on top the Premier League champions had already insured they would qualify top of their group but they thrashed Dmoz are grabbed for one anyway with netting to have trick Phil Foden also scored 5 Live Co commentator Darren Fletcher says it's tough for City to give the teenager phone a lot of game time while David Silva is still available that was over can play every game as age if you leave at this end of the season if you play him in the league in the Champions League. If he wants a fresh team for the Champions League that may be the best thing for David Silva and also the best thing for fell for them but that's not to say that fell for their performances in the Premier League when he gets his chance my poor my head that I would say over Atalanta go through in 2nd after a 3 nil victory aware Shakhtar Donetsk the Italian club had lost their 1st 3 group games Athletico Madrid also progress through their group after beating Lokomotiv Moscow to nil West Brom missed the chance to leapfrog Leeds United at the top of the championship a 11 draw at Wigan takes them equal on points but keeps them 2nd on goal difference Duncan Ferguson will remain as Everton caretaker manager for Sunday's Premier League match at Manchester United he took temporary charge at Goodison Park last week following the sacking of Marco silver Well the former Everton winger Pat Nevin says Ferguson has matured since his playing days it will take a few more interviews pleased to see that the years are very very changed human being as far as far as I can see is here and when you talk to most of the lads ever know what term of these managers it is what under their. Finally regard this technical state is well asked will say Scotland fullback Kiran Tierney is undergoing further assessment that's after he dislocated a shoulder in Monday's win at West Ham Napoli have appointed Gennaro good to so as the new head coach after dismissing Carlo Ancelotti earlier this week British heavyweight Dylan White has been formally reinstated as the mandatory challenger for Dion to Wilder's w.b.c. World heavyweight title it comes after White how they don't ping violation charge dropped and Judge Trump mail Robertson and Mark Selby were among the 2nd round winners of the Scottish Open snooker latest from b.b.c. Sport Lewis was. The only Premier League from anyone else in. The 6 a day less to succeed House and the rage because it would be at. Least police on a broomstick it's mentions Do you know he is against us and he was assassinated against Manchester City or for that city police is your was stationed there. This is 5 life. This is b.b.c. Radio 5 Live available on the b.b.c. Sales are up all night what does sell at a buyout last weekend we lost one of our colleagues a real trooper a real warrior a real journalists or a proper foreign correspondent Alex divel Smith she reported for us from West Africa I says we turn weekly basis or has enjoyed speaking to her she a real insight into the region and she brought it home to our says all the great correspondents and up all night to really gave us a sense of what it was like being in West Africa amidst all the politics and social issues and so on she used to be a subeditor The Guardian newspaper and colleagues there described her as a thoroughly committed journalist who stayed calm in the midst of mayhem and turned fluent beautifully written prose anywhere in her memory we have decided to replay one of her most heartfelt dispatches It's not about famine it's not about war or an environmental crisis or refugees it's about Molly's most dedicated postman. The doorbell Cleary Ideye perform the required yank and he of the cheap lock. Service public says a smartly turned up man with extreme enthusiasm he's holding a white one followed addressed to me I feel like chosing the door and reopening it again just to make sure it's no Miraj Now the sight of a postman shouldn't be so hard to take in but this is Bamako a city infected with Scruffy police officers who use the highway code as a priceless for bribes it's where corrupt civil servants flawed municipal and for their own profit in hospital waiting rooms queuing ticket dispensers a controlled pub people who sell the numbers the results of 2 decades of public sector neglect haven't exactly prepared me for a visit from something as benign and useful as a man delivering letters Laporte salaries public he insists waving the letter in my face if undelivered please return to p.o. Box for 80 Manchester since moving to Mali I've put myself online for banks bills and birthdays but not I discover Furby b.c. Payslips thanks to a far away accounts department I'm meeting postman. He lives and breathes public service as someone only can in a country where there isn't any Don't be a has been issued with a standard post office workers navy blue waistcoat it is on the drab side so around it by scouring the markets of Bamako he's created a bespoke uniform cone blue shirt to turn blue tie with yellow stripes and his pride and joy navy blue German policeman's trousers the final touches his cap found in a container of surplus equipment from the French post office. Don't be a scooter is of course yellow He slides on his metal rimmed pilot's glasses and takes me on a round we join the tide of choking green mini buses lopsided yellow taxis and identical Chinese motor bikes not for us the un dignified zigzagging you see from Sun 2 wheelers if anyone tries to cut him up don't be a declares lad pursed Savvis public works this man is a celebrity what's that he asks pointing at the building in front of us would ask. That strike says don't be it's clearly not the residence of Mr Abraham could he barely even though we're at the address stated on the envelope 103rd street door 369 but I know from experience that Mr Coulibaly is part of 103rd is in a completely different place and is accessed from 94th Street to the refrain. We head off again to me or has 3 children the eldest of whom is 13 he loves his son to go to university but it's not going to be easy because of the corruption in the education system to be a himself refused to pay for his Baccalaureate or a level diploma he sat the exam $11.00 times in 15 years until finally 3 years ago the examiners passed him on merit at the age of $35.00 he was helped with his revision by a Mrs Sang Garri the retired schoolteacher lives in a compound crisscrossed by washing lines and populated by children and grandchildren who are just after her money here don't be a deploys a skill is an acute observer of the human condition I have letter inside my waistcoat he whispers It's from her son in Spain he sent her some money so when she offers is tea the postman will find a quiet moment to sleep or the overload when no one's looking. Don't be often speaks of himself in the 3rd person like this he says the postman faces many challenges town halls have no idea about odd or even numbers homeowners spruce up their doors and forget to add the number or get it wrong because they've hired an illiterate painter I suggest perhaps a system of giving or street names might help or how about those codes which can really simplify things. Look of despair come serve it don't be his entire body appears to sigh It's as though the round he's just taken me on painstakingly showing me the postman's challenges has been a waste of time when I said postcodes he heard redundancy I don't really know about postcards he retorts but what we have in Mali and you've lost way you come from is the social thing we talk to each other if the postman ever returns and that a defender which is rare he feels terrible that day he's failed in his duties as a public servant. It's long time West Africa correspondent Alex devout Smithy he died last Saturday in Paris at the age of 55 to grow a province in northern Ethiopia is one of the semi arid regions of the world which is feared will bear some of the worst effects of climate change the degraded land there which is lost most of its trees is far more vulnerable to longer droughts and intense pose of rain which washed away soil but now the people there are breaking that vicious cycle reforesting one and a half 1000000 hectares of land and helping to capture rain just in rollout went to meet a woman who's been leading those efforts. Driving through northern Ethiopia and you're struck by the stark beauty of this huge landscape but it is the result of terrible deforestation or rock and scrub and bad ground a century ago trees covered a 3rd of the country now it's less than 5 percent and without trees the soils have washed away leaving the land infertile and vulnerable to climate change but that is changing. This is the nursery in the early universe where we grow seedlings for teaching purposes experiments and also planting out for a force so you use these for reforestation Yes we do we're seeing seedlings here these are all indigenous seedlings So what this is we got here one of these this one is the African Olive an African What does it do bear fruit does it grow a lives yes it does grow lives they're much smaller than the European one at a tree nursery and McAlary University in northern Ethiopia I meet Sarah to one man she's an expert at restoring degraded land some 3040 years ago data shows that droughts were occurring every 10 years now they're every 5 years who knows what's going to happen next so we need to prepare as a community has. To be able to function even in drought hears and one of the best ways to do that is to restore environments and restored environments we can capture every little drop of rain that comes so that is what like 12 centimeters Yes So it's more than time thank you just we would say it's ready for planting and if there's any sticking out we would plant which makes it better for dry environments because it goes more lateral and better about that badly. What Sarah and the communities she works with have achieved is really impressive and you could see it very vividly on this experimental site on the outskirts of McAlary So this is the grated land it's been used as farmland fairly recently virtually no vegetation but on the other side of the fence it's begun to regrow you could see shrubs you can see trees it's green and it's white why. These changes are the results of collaboration with local communities says Sarah climate change is happening but we don't just sit around and wait for the devastations to come as a community we come together we do something about it she took us to one of the reforested areas. Last year and they're. Still there the communities agreed to keep people and animals out and that the vegetation really grow naturally she explained the trees help keep moisture in the soil recharging rivers and springs it may seem very trivial to people who live in wet environments that spring has come back but for people who live in a dry environment a spring that was around 100 years ago or 200 years ago is now coming back and giving water is highly significant this read greening is happening on a vast scale we go to places where the trees stretch to the horizon in this one province in northern Ethiopia they have reforested 15000 square kilometers. Sarah's colleagues said few Gebrselassie says the regrading project has been great for local farmers if there is a military on the landscape there is high around all of that rain is there is high washing of soy and decided to clean out the other places there is no in for the rush for the ground if there is no infiltration to the ground there is no crop production. Trees are also a source of cash local people get paid for the carbon stored in the trees $33000.00 euros last year that money went on projects like a water conservation scheme and a new school. Gray experienced a terrible famine in the 1980 s. Now the market stalls are piled high with tomatoes lettuces onions and many other crops Here's Sarah again now you go into town you can find fruits everywhere there are juice places their fruit selling stalls and fruits and vegetables have come up as an effect of these things coming up as irrigation be used so if we could come this far I hope we can actually together go much further and that's my hope that's where my hope comes from it just in roller brought us a report from northern Ethiopia. Lexicographers said Merriam Webster as have named They the would vary as they would have the year the u.s. Dictionary also recently added a new definition a very reflecting its use as a singular personal pronoun for non-binary people searches for the Merriam Webster's Web site where 313 percent higher this year than they were in 2008 seen as selling celebrities like singer Sam Smith came out as Norm binary and requested the vet a be used as their preferred pronoun while pizza. Is a let's go lexicographer at Merriam Webster and a self-confessed dictionary ambassador and ask him how they decide on the word of the year we use a statistical method to get to the word of the year and other words we take all of the curiosity of the public who come to our dictionary online and on our apps and that's quite a large number it's $100000000.00 page views per month online and about $2000000000.00 look ups per year on the apps and we look at which words are looked up the most frequently and we have to do a little kind of statistical. Jig with that because if we simply took the raw numbers the most looked up words tend to be vocabulary words so they would look like a vocabulary test at the end what we want to find out is a word that tells us something about 2019 that's different from 2018 so we do a year over year and Alice and compare which words were looked up much more frequently in 2019 than they were in 2018 but also had a raw number that was very high and it surprised us also that it was the pronoun they. You know why would people look up the would they it's an old school where it's been around since time immemorial as. It has it actually is among the youngest of our pronouns by the way most a pronoun is an English are from Old English so they're about a 1000 years old they borrowed from the Scandinavian languages. A couple 100 years after that but the fact is I think that identity has a lot to do with this that there is a little instability with the meaning of this venerable old pronoun and that is that it has been used and increasingly used and this non-binary sense that is to say to refer to a person who does not want to be referred to as either he or she I see so people would be looking up the words to see if that was allowed within the language if that was. Simple within the language you can say Sure I mean to a certain extent you know the dictionary exists to reflect the truth about words and if a certain usage a certain meaning is used frequently that is to say by many people and many publications over a long period of time we put that into the dictionary we add that new sensor definition to the dictionary as it happens this definition was added this year in September to the dictionary and that did get a lot of attention our data that we took for the word of the year we used for from before September so that we knew that we weren't sort of affecting or infecting our own data with our release of this definition but it's important to point out this is a 21st century usage we dated back to around 2005 so yes the word itself is almost a 1000 years old but this usage is maybe 15 years old the risk of sounding like and you know. Progress seeing presents out. Interviewed and. Required me to use the pronoun say and it was a very difficult thing to do you know if your school you know used to it's very difficult thing to get your head around having a loosely so do you think that there are problems with this usage of vague. Well absolutely I mean 1st of all language is a habit when you get right down to it the way we sound the way we speak and you know you and I both I don't have this habit either this is a new usage to me as well by no means are we recommending this for all but we are reflecting the fact that it is an accepted usage that is to say it's a widespread usage and that's why we put it into the dictionary but you know language change happens just fast enough that we notice and usually we don't like the changes that we notice in language I will say one thing about this particular change and that is that English changed its pronouns once before and kind of famously because you and I probably don't use the ends of them out in our everyday speech and yet about 400 years ago we dropped the English language sort of dropped those words also for sort of social reasons because you was used for social superiors and z. And Val was used for your equals or social inferiors and therefore if one word referred to a social superior that meant meant over time referring to someone as an inferior would be perceived possibly as an insult so ultimately those words were dropped from English and that's kind of an interesting development for your information those words to use in some Fogg's of the United Nations just say wonderful. You know you just say that is this is a the most problematic word of the that you come across. Well absolutely not I mean often words that we that we see looked up have to do with domestic politics or world affairs you know so the fact is what's interesting about this is the dictionary reflects the curiosity of the public and very often that curiosity reflects the News Of The Day So for example one of our top 10 words this year was impeach very obviously from the. American political story but in this case what's interesting to me is that the dictionary doesn't exist to measure the news it exists to measure the language and this word really is about the language and I think if people are checking up on it whether they're checking to see if this new definition is included or maybe they're confused about this usage for very good reasons as as you've already said then it's gratifying to me that the dictionary can help with an answer. Well of our arts a scholar an appreciative Professor So again we go now. It's a treat to talk to you thank you Peter so I can now ski the Alexa CAGR for at Merriam Webster Let's catch up with the week in Science now with Bianca no Grady Bianca Good morning good morning Don how a year I'm fine I'm a little bit nervous about these human sized paying greens over reassured by the fact that they lived 60000000 years ago yes this was not a headline I expected to read it so it made me smile this idea of when penguins ruled the southern oceans which I find funny because I know penguins are very serious and charismatic creatures but their office a comic so this idea that they might have once dominated our oceans I do find quite amusing but it turns out that 60000000 year or around 60000000 years ago after the demise of the dinosaurs giant Penguins did in fact rule the southern sea when we say giant I mean is a human sized So we're not talking kind of you know hippos or elephants and this particular new species which is being newly discovered was actually it was a fossil that was found in the chest Somalians in the South Pacific so I need you Zealand there about 1 point one meat is told so small human sized but very big compared to a you know a dealy or a Gentoo penguin these days and so its scientific name is to poo Stillwell e.i. And Cooper actually meant diving there it's in Tehran Mari Henri which is the language of the indigenous Mari people of these islands and so they Cooper po'd moved around I think maybe 625W6X years ago and so this was a time when there was no ice cap at the southern pole and so the seas are around New Zealand we're actually tropical or subtropical But what's really fascinating is that this penguin wasn't even the largest ancient penguin there at that time there's actually an even larger one that lived and it's. Of interesting because it does suggest that the loss of the dinosaurs both on land and on sea really opened up these kind of ecological Nations for these penguins that really flourished with this you know the sudden loss of all of these huge predators and huge fade it was penguins really kind of I guess made the most of their opportunity but there is still want to stand in question which is when the penguins lost the ability to fly and it could be that that also happened after the after the kind of the cataclysmic event that wiped out the dinosaurs that may have been that penguins then chose that time for whatever reason to to colonize the oceans and to to grow enormous but I just love the image of these giant human sized penguins were going around I think it would have made me laugh if I wasn't such a refined and drones were of a good photo. Drones are good for counting hippos I didn't realize this but counting hippos is highly problematic I assume you just find a nice Warhol somewhere white but it turns out that hippopotamus are incredibly dangerous I thought they were just these very lazy mud loving mammals but they're actually one of the most dangerous animals in Africa and an estimated 500 people a year in Africa alone are killed by these aggressive very shop toothed and very heavy creatures and so this makes things tricky if you're an ecologist Ozu ologist or conservationists and you need to get an accurate number of how many hippos are in a particular area because if you're on the water then they constantly diving and surfacing so you can't touch account and if you're on land there's also the risk that you know you're going to get chased and squashed so what do you do well some researchers have suggested that using drones might be a solution you know draws people hate drones buzzing over the hits when they live in suburbia but it turns out that hippos don't seem to be too fussed by it so they took drones to the Delta which is an extraordinary hub of biodiversity in Africa and may they recorded at 3 different heights of 40 meters 80 meters and 120 meters about the surface and it for different times of day and then they compared those counts to standard video standard length counts because these drones recruit via cameras and they found that you know a drone flying overhead about 40 metres any time after the morning was in the morning it turns out that hippos are actually quite active in the morning that's when they do love swimming whereas sort of from midday in the afternoon I'm much who prefer to lie around in shallow waters as you no doubt will which therefore makes them a lot easier to count so it's just that drones could actually be a really viable method of counting these enormous and surprisingly aggressive creatures which is really important for Sue understand how they fare in particularly in a changing landscape in a changing climate and what's a klutz I miss some people remember that one from school days. Doesn't make any sense doesn't is just the plural of what approximates is what I was thinking about but I heard this from a colleague just yesterday actually about the sense if you labeled food products with the amount of Biggs's size you would need to cancel out the calories you've taken in it might be a better way to fight obesity and all sorts of elements as well oh yeah well I mean would you eat a chocolate bar if if the label said that you would need to run solidly for 22 minutes to burn off the calories Well now I think about it yes I was going to say Andy Ruiz it didn't stop him eating the Snickers bars before he went into the ring with Anthony Joshua you know despise equipments like 12 rounds of a book sing for out of well he got well he very clearly knew he was going to to burn them off but scientists of the University of actually reviewed a whole lot of studies looking at whether what's called physical activity calorie equivalent or pace food labeling whether this could be considered as a way to discourage people from consuming lots of high calorie low nutritional content snacks like a chocolate bar and therefore encourage more healthy eating and it does suggest that this kind of labeling when it's on food items and on menus generally people Signet and select so they buy fewer calories and they also eat fewer calories and fewer grams of food I've rolled so is that they estimated it put reduced calorie intake by up to $195.00 calories a day but it's not straightforward it's one of those things that we still need to do a lot more research but every little thing can make a difference at this point. Thanks very much very good strangers everbearing can or Grady they're so low probably phone lines. Further out those who call phone ins I would continue the questions about the world of science and if you like natural phenomena if you got any questions with 0 to call you can text him around 85058 email up or not at b.b.c. Dog code or you go towards him directly on 008085909693. 7 years. Primarily for anyone at this c.d.c. Radio 5 it's 3 o'clock Good morning this is not on 5 Datsun added by the main news on 5 Live Harvey Weinstein leaches assessment and some of his excuses and things fall be Champions League is dominated by Europe's top 5 leagues. This is b.b.c. 5 with a baby seat is 05 Live has Emily Lee Harvey Weinstein's reputed to have reached a $25000000.00 civil settlement with some of the women have accused him of sexual harassment and assault is still the payments would come from insurance companies representing the Hollywood parties his bankrupt film studio rather than from his personal wealth Mr Weinstein is also facing criminal charges which he denies police in New Zealand say another 2 people have died from injuries suffered in the volcanic eruption it brings the total of 8 the total killed to 89 others a missing presumed dead officials are now working on a plan to go back to White Hart into recover the bodies his that I hope police chief priest that we got to be certain of the environmental situation out there on the all and state state nothing in them we can like salute the surgeons once we've got all of a fallacious. Scifi for a. Huge priority for us we've got to get this right police are searching 2 addresses in Luton after a man was arrested on suspicion of Peter's hands out is there a short way turned towards Yeah in.