3 o'clock the biggest news comes from Kevin McGrath and the main news this hour Scotland's central battle tells a red alert for snow sports the Reds a and b a I'll make the headlines that when. People across central Scotland are being warned there's a risk to lonely from heavy snow in freezing temperatures into today the missile phases Ronnie's this alert to rise to the highest level for Strathclyde Southwest and central areas Red amber and yellow warnings are in place for much of the county today Miller from the b.b.c. Weather center has been looking at the forecast. We've been talking about all of this coming in from the east with the snow showers we're going to a proper weather system if you like coming out from the south with its moisture and that means through tomorrow into Friday particularly into parts of England a while snow will be some persistent snow and it looks like later some are tomorrow night into Friday morning especially into parts of southwest England and Wales for the Met Office and a warning meaning be prepared but we could all see some heavy destructive snow flight surveyed across the Glasgow airports closed until at least 11 this morning Laura was hoping to be on a plane to d. By which she's bedding down in the Florida can get a warm and safe and this morning Madame minute we're going to air quick we're poor China clearly when we tried my best again on quite treacherous sure we both were trying days that they were going close and the airport by plane had been canceled that's expected so now there's quite a few people stuck here in London a man's died after being pulled from a frozen lake he was trying to rescue Don't you know the news offenders caught with a knife or a corrosive substance could now receive longest sentences in England and Wales new guidelines are being issued today is after a recent spate of stabbings and this it attacks. Members of Congress in Washington to discuss possible new gun controls in the wake of the mass shooting at a school in Florida in which a former people shot dead 17 people the president urged people to turn anger into action so as we continue to mourn the loss of so many precious young lives in Parklane far we're determined to turn our grief into action I really believe that I think that the people at this table want to when I see some folks that don't say nice things about me that's Ok Because if you turn that into this energy I love you we're all hoping the White House communications director from one of Mr Trump's longest serving advisers is stepping down and since you know when you're all former model and extra nation employees the 4th person to serve as White House communications g. If he should says apologize for suggesting that some Mick Jagger has 8 children should get a vasectomy riches made the comments in a newspaper later said he deeply regretted his words and he's apologized to Samick in person and k.f.c. Says it's running low on gravy just a week after a chicken shortage led to hundreds of outlets closing last week almost all shops are reopen now but is still distribution problems meaning some have reduced menu it's a 5 hour news with a spot on his dorm Tottenham through to the quarter finals of the f.a. Cup the London club had 2 goals disallowed by the video referee in the 1st half but ran away with the 2nd as Fernando Llorente scored a hat trick to help Spurs beat watched 61 they play Swansea on the 17th of March Russian athletes will be able to compete in the next Olympics for their own country again that subject in a more anti doping violations in England head coach Eddie Jones has admitted his side have an ongoing leadership issue following their 6 Nations defeat to Scotland last weekend Meanwhile Scotland's Ryan Wilson has also been cleared over an alleged foul play incident involving England's Nathan Hughes during Saturday's Calcutta Cup match adding Mary is planning to return to the practice courts towards the end of March and could yet be an action in time for the grass court season Great Britain's Jason Kenney had to settle for silver as he and the Great Britain team were beaten by the Netherlands in the team sprint final at the track cycling world championships at a live picture be an Alice to Brownlee has withdrawn from the i t u World Triathlon Series opener in Abu Dhabi on Friday having pulled a calf muscle this is b.b.c. 5 live on digital online the smartphone unstoppable at the Rosie s. Service causing some problems as you'd imagine in for them eighties blocks north famishing junction 8 starts for the m 876 and 9 for the Bannockburn a number of accidents there also in a make 2 northbound in north London queuing between a junctions 4 for the. 73 in 6 old ins Junction all lanes now reopened that I've encountered during the day when ems blocks south Bam was one junction 61 foot by a burn in 60 brake and the other finally struck me silly when this will give an exceptional wind chill in all areas on Thursday snow showers will continue in the north will an area of more persistent snow moves north into the south and southwest I said I have 0 in Edinburgh minus one fatality if the best my school show should I. Should. Still Machine Head to Arsenal against Manchester City tonight with a $75.00 kickoff. Station. And 5 extra. On. The u.k. On digital and online. Might well look in your pockets starting a few weeks the Royal Mint has revealed $26.00 new Besides for the 10 p. Ca in which are all going to get mixed up together and there's going to be a greater treasure hunt for kids trying to find all of these things. Each has one of the letters on it c. As for cricket as for double decker bus a b. Is for Bond James Bond. As for walking a sponsor it goes on it's marvelous stuff really and so so entertaining. To make fun with their product. Dr Karl is here and he's ready to answer all our questions Hello Dr Carl hello to Rod but sometimes the answer to the question will be a stright I don't know. Well you're very kind to give us the warning you know I mean if anybody doesn't want to say I don't know perhaps they would like to hang on and you know we'll we'll get through this hour one way or the other the way that we do it very entertaining I think to have you with us and since it's very snowy in Britain I hope it's not so snowy where you are oh no I went for. The big deliberately made to force you to become jealous I went 1st when in the Pacific Ocean his day and it was lovely good. Not to manage really fish because I know you've been complaining about jellyfish when we've talked about you know I think sometimes. The jellyfish means different things in this part of the world but the ones with the sting is I managed to avoid those and just don't go into water and I still don't understand why they appear on have beaches mainly when is the north easterly wind that is wind coming from the northeast so I don't understand that but I do have the answer for a question that somebody asked me. About the sick to meis and you are the accidental recipient of this and the question was should be very please tell us tell us more well here the question was how come after my visit to me last year my body odor Chinese according to both my wife and my daughter and my other daughter 2 or 3 of them are now small differently and so I went looking through the literature and were sick to me and found absolutely nothing related to the sick to me and changing body outta but speculating I think I'm out of found something. So firstly . Of a sect to me is the cutting or the snipping or the snip of the cube joining the testes are testicles to the outside world and so the sperm just sort of Paul about a half a 1000000000 a day and they get reabsorbed and they go anywhere and overwhelmingly over the years they've looked really really carefully and have found absolutely no harmful effects to men apart from the course the d.s.r. Sterility permits the really and most I permit you go to give it 3 weeks and there's a 110th of one percent failure rate so it's pretty good so the only. One study more funded with another study doesn't and the only consistent thing they found of 2 things number one in one age group in men because down to men there is perhaps an increase in kidney stones maybe that's one change the other one is far more definite the sperm appalling up and they have to be eaten they have to be taken away by one of the 2 branches of the immune system in this case the cells the macrophages macro meaning big fog ph i.g.a. To eat. And so the go in there and they eat the sperm and get rid of them they have to be alerted to go in there and so 70 percent of men who have had a sick to me now make antibodies to their own sperm. They're not allergic to their own sperm in the sense that I'll start to get an afflicted reaction and awe but part of their immune system now when it didn't do so before now recognizes their own sperm as foreign and something to be got rid of that is different from that but has no the bad effects except and here I speculate that perhaps the smells of the Chinese to Muse's them. Coming up through the objects in various parts the body has some 300 different chemicals at least and maybe in the case of this man that led to his body smell changing after he had to say to me that his immune system was now different Now the reason I say that goes back to moderately well done experiment a few decades ago where the immune system of men could be expressed through the smell of the pit of the t. Shirt. So women were given the job bad job but somebody has to do it of smelling t. Shirts of men turned out that if they were not on the pill there were more attracted to men who had a different. Immune system which expressed its self through the opposite smell and the evolutionary advantage of that and they were talking the lead of evolutionary biology would be as follows If the woman is resistant to diseases I basically and the man with a different immune system is resistant to disease x. Why is it then the fruit of their lawyers their progeny the little bundle of joy would be resistant to disease a.b.c. Addicks Why is it so that's the soft hint that part of your immune system can be expressed through your body smells and from that I speculate that might be the cause anyway and a different thing with regard to surgical sterilization there are procedures for women and men the one for women is called a cue ball like geisha in the floppy in tubes very complicated general anesthetic meant the to me very easy can be done under local anaesthetic no big deal and yet there are 10 times as many operations that are women as on men in the country in a world where this is not the case is the country which also a few days ago was voted the least corrupt country in the world New Zealand with a percent of the relation of the men of sexually active age. He had a sickness in the 50 to 59 year old age group whose other 50 percent beat up the New Zealand. Mind you have to I have to say I had a friend who had as for sex made a vast and we never knew how successful it was because it don't result in anything but I remember ice cubes and a lot of a lot of sitting arrived and were and so if you have your vasectomy reverse that's not quite as simple as as doing it the other way round. I know cubes of deep sympathy Yes Yes And might I just ask you before we start taking calls and we are going to take calls. About the immune system and all aspects of the immune system which think is really interesting which is how the old brown 5 you know the fountain your back the deep body fat seems to you have been researching this and it seems to store some kinds of immune cells. You've got in one so the the the ordinary old boring what fat in your body. Seems to be a preferred home for some types of immune cells let's just sort of look at the big picture the big picture is that nowadays after thousands of years of thinking that over White was something to be admired and a sign of prosperity and fertility. Now it is seen as something wrong and there are articles in the newspapers saying fat is bad how to lose fat and we have this whole diet industry which is swung into action which has a failure rate of 95 percent and in the old days we looked upon fat is a beautiful organise a lovely article about this in the new Saunders by John White back in 2012 and he's at Imperial College in London and he was saying that if you look at the super models for example they have very small amounts of body fat their b.m.i. Body mass index which is sort of thought to be Ok in the 20 to 25 right age they're at the bottom and they're down to 15 or 16 but surprisingly they've got a lot of fat internally we can't see it around their liver and over an interview these models they do not live on food they live on cigarettes and they get enough calories just by looking at photographs of food as a bit of a. Sip of a castle so the fat is not bad of itself but where is it so excess fat in the liver as in the supermodel's is bad but fat underneath the skin around your buttocks is actually protective and there are some people who suffer from the cold toasty. Syndrome where they think on the outside you look at them and they quite thin but only in sawed they've got extra deposits of fat around internal organs and that's supposed to be more related type 2 diabetes so this is part of the background of fat and then let's just dog into this so this is a paper that came out last December and they were looking at immune systems cells in the fat and these immune system cells were able to respond much better to a disinfection than. Immune system cells of the sought of the infection so you might have an infection say on your finger and your immune system will respond a bit it responds too much it can actually overwhelm the area and a court of make sense to have another area which is bigger and more distributed to pumping huge amounts of immune system cells and it turns out that yes your fat does store a whole class of memory type immune system cells that will pump out various chemicals and also go out hunting for the bad guys and that when they do this they stop the normal fat metabolism and I speculate not the authors of the paper this might be why super hard to try and athletes does horse ETOPS you know the actual horses and humans when they get really thin and really Harley tried and have got very low body fat they are devastatingly fried job and susceptible to infectious diseases and so one person gets the flu suddenly the whole Olympic team gets a flu and they're out of action or there or if it was just because they all get norovirus or sort struck a village and trying wasn't there and Norovirus is a tricky one because firstly it is not helped by the head sanitizer you know how this is had said it was on ships and some public areas sure Ok the headset a toy is a works because the alcohol in it can attack the virus Whitefoot if the virus normally has a coating of fat Some do some doubt the fat can be hit by the alcohol as the feds no longer the the viruses that under normal conditions and then the virus can be disabled Norovirus is not does not carry a lot of fat and therefore the head said it was a does nothing for a number one number 2 David studies in restaurants where one person. And has had the norovirus and then has voted in the restaurant at a function with a Seder 20 type of and if you're on the other side of the room the I 5020 meters away just because of this bit of all of that in sprayed the norovirus into the air and then when floating through the air to you you're at the other into the restore 20 percent chance of coming down with it and if you're right there you've got the next time you go to 80 percent chance of coming down with it. Chris Smith the wonderful maggot saw it as he told me that you know it is fused 20 particles to bead think advisor he's actually a professional virologist so he knows far more about the knowledge of beautiful Chris saying right now let me tell you the number to call in on which is 08 or 85909693 there's a by magic we have a call from the Isle of Wight and Ed is calling us hello it was. Red welcome was my favorite nighttime. My favorite nighttime presented by though I. Don't recall this question tied to the night because it was just before your show yes like what happened was I was on the phone to a friend of mine in America and I said What on earth was that noise I've got 4 boys why did have a 4 foot by 6 foot gloss picture of folks on pl. An artistic to talk shop books came crashing down on my wall. I don't right now is a gloss trying to you know she lost friends we used to get in the 19 seventies eighties road. That one of her you just basically just press the. Same side of history and yeah yeah yeah the one that most people have for always or Lamborghinis it like it's on an external wall but it's all no one has only a single it's not it's not. It's strike right it's 9 Should I take night not that this is a thing don't call now also another picture that's even bigger on my internal Will that hasn't come crashing down it's freezing cold as we all know inside to go based on it just came crashing down and is that because the gloss is warped because when I was talking to that lady that I spoke to one I find manatee a. Then I had to actually look at the gloss and so I am going in that because I've done my scan signature of in which another question if not on on a about. But looking behind it really I mean the whole the whole gloss thing it just comes straight down somehow missed on some cute. But that wall when I put my hand against it leaning I would have a look at the damage that war is freezing cold the inside of the house is warm they have dipped in the goss mustard but warmth in my central heating with that with the gloss warping as. You know I mean how was it was attached to the wall with a perimeter from. Central screw in while I was just hung up on the house on miles into the wall so I did the Nile's a still buzzing in place in that in an exactly the same position as they would suck in anything that glosses reacted to the cold and the high. Celebes tried to some sort of mounting thing on the back of the glass. Here with what with now this is it is a student that saw friends receive the students a God like that the that the plates on the top of the frame and he just put them on canals on the wall and then good friends and I as always to do with posters as kids and I mean it's one of these sort of like when you used to do a scene I post this and it's just a blast thing with a car background with a glass front of it Ok now question. If the wood the glass were to break while I was on the wall would that if I could listen to what you saw it literally me because I was actually looking at the war and it's a nice little bit and went bang so did the mounting clips come loose from the water that then went to Riyadh there now no it wouldn't come out now that the glass things to have walked on the cold food down 50 if any a single scandal or the other all the other was on internal of the house but nothing that I think that it is it possible that the injury or the damage could be caused by the glass spontaneously breaking or you just fell off. Well Rob it could have form of in such a way that it was caused by it was pretty and other just broke by itself that of course when I saw it could it cracks. The code on the outside and inside Ok even if the devastation that you saw could have been caused by the glass spontaneously breaking almost certainly that's what happened and I've seen this sort of thing before now glass is not a slowly moving fluid that's a bit of a myth it doesn't flow but it has stresses in the glass and the way you get rid of the stresses is by heating up to a certain temperature and then on the very careful. Cooling regime you little drop at so many tens of degrees per minute or per hour and then you live. Down to room temperature and there are no stresses in the glass bought it for example to all your lawn glass sorry I got you on that bit purely because last time I got called on a lot of why we don't get called on a lot of wine the last time I got called on the lot of wine I actually had a point loss when I was still a shop and. The point loss of growth in my hands. I have more friends yeah I have had a few cases when I was in emergency of patients coming in with cuts their hands because they'd been washing up glasses in the washing up border in the sink with detergent and in each case there were very clear they had be no impact of the glass with something hidden below the water rather than a holding the glass they put in the warm water with the naked hand and then suddenly the glass just broke and in and in the case of ma daughter in 2009 movie will cross spying on Camino she's getting a glass of water they gave her the glass and as she held the glass it was a wand blast with water in the glass just shattered in her hand and she broke it he is going to have to be looking at the glass the came across and are just sort to shut up so as glass goes through different temperature regimes hot called Hot called Hot called it builds up stresses and it doesn't relieve them. You know like yes hitting him up and then warming it down slowly but if you don't go through that very carefully right very careful regime the stresses will just build up over a period of time and all my daughter had to do is just touch the glass and she was the lucky one and just touching it was enough to set off the the in your case I reckon is the case that you the glass on the frame has been through decades of heating cooling cycles and lost not to not was when it hit the last one and then it just went through another heating cooling cycle and then being it cracked and you just stuck with now the problem of having to clean it all up so it's not your fault if you went through too many heating cooling cycles and put up. Pictures and yeah if if from that I you know and I. Well it's done pretty well and. By the way I got called trying to solve one very quick question the crowd Yeah yeah I said Ok well yeah very quick very quick very quick like the reason why I don't pick up the glass is because I actually had another doctor to my house last week and it's going to take. Like. Really go white. Depends on the cause this is along in the body yes because the body or rather all life the base of your spawn virtually to the tip of Utah the pit one 3rd of astronauts who come back from space have expanded heart so much they've link than the spot on the vertical column and have some degree of side follow your doctor's advice the g. The doctor she'll he will know the full picture and be able to help you most. Sort of be lucky or hope you're lucky with your side of pride. Thank you very much for allies fall or add from the Isle of Wight with Mike who's calling us from Edinburgh in the middle of the Reds or Hello Mike. Hi Rod did you do a. Side of just a lot of. Strange things to me some time ago an awful lot to come until take it now well and say. Well you know as far you get I don't become the well. Yeah well I want my best and. I'm a cabbie so I usually get home maybe between 4 and 5 in the moment sometimes I have this little card of. Please and I practiced it present now and again so sometimes do when I get home changed me jammies and well I don't so appreciated to do my breathing and quite often I will at one point hold my breath for as long as I can and tank up a long slow deep breathing. But on this occasion coopting was. To mind a breath and I was going to hold for as long as I could but. It was my thankful breath. And when I came back. To our co-consciousness. When I must the contents. What's happened is my lungs are still full. Really and I don't know how long before whopping it was when I came to this I couldn't really tell it for stuff cuz no pressure on me was a strain just inches and I was lying there smile and. Really not follow my God this is really strange there is no traditional for me to breathe. And it just seemed to go on and on and I started I was almost one myself on the on the real is just going on and on and just as the strangest thing that happened to me you know it really was because of God how long this going to go on I'm going after force myself to breathe out because it is no natural you know everybody is willing to get out a man an obviously. Dining in the bathroom but there is nothing nemesis strange thing you know I just thought while. I was one. Of them of my Again that was a strange one I don't I don't how long I'd call the lone nut company for another of the strange it. Donnelly you have one well. Now it's time for a bit of physiology he would do it now or after the news Dr odd. We there's a thought Yeah Mike if you can hang on then they don't really want Karl you know I'm on my on the high on if you would my and we'll be back with you in just a couple minutes time and let everybody think about that too it's half past 3. Digits a lot more in smartphones and tablets this is b.b.c. 5 Live The news comes from Kevin McGraw heavy snow continues to cause disruption across the k. The way 6 areas essential Scotland were ready for snow is in place hundreds of motorists remain stuck on the m 8 outside Glasgow Kent East Anglia and the North East of England are also badly hit offenders caught with a knife or a corrosive substance could now receive longest sentences in England and wiles of her recent spate of stabbings and acid attacks new guidelines are being issued today 3 men are being questioned on suspicion of manslaughter by police investigating some days explosion in Leicester 5 people were killed in the blast and Spotify Ceasar trading it shares publicly in the New York Stock Exchange the Swedish music streaming service says it expects its total market value to reach almost $17000000000.00 pounds that's a 5 Live news dome has the sport now Tottenham half full their way past Rochdale on the Wembley snow to book an f.a. Cup quarter final place against Swansea but who could play Jersey through COAG was to have a car that shot down the hatch. Run show why in sheer delight as the snow continues to fall more complete is with his 1st child and I have a 16 year old roach style will be in the 2nd offered me and chop and shakes Brushtail was the assistant referee Graham Scott played a big part in the game though disallowing 2 Tottenham goals in the 1st half and Spurs Erik Dyer says something has to change I don't know what's going on when he stops No I didn't lot of any player knows from my point of view I think it should be in the referee's hands not not someone else's. Thing is the referee don't need to come to a decision I think it should be him that gets on the radio says I want to check the author I don't think it should be the way around now England's women overnight she believes campaign little later on with the game against France it will be Phil Nevels 1st game in charge as England face a French team they beat at the Euros for the 1st time since 1984 and made field of fire a Williams says that will count for a lot it was a must have been in so many. Games against I think they knew as well the French I think they knew that you know they were. Difficult we found it difficult but when I think you know what a celebration that showed how much it meant just to beat them and then yeah I think that we have. You know we really are closer and closer to. Play them Meanwhile the center back many bright is a doubt for that game having missed training with illness rugby and England had coach Eddie Jones has admitted his side have an ongoing leadership issue following their 6 Nations defeat to Scotland he also says he's pleased there's no disciplinary action to be taken after some of his players were involved in a scuffle with Scottish players in the tunnel at Murrayfield last weekend that's something for the 6 Nations is not up to me when either these things are driven by the media circus the media makes song and dance of the 6 Nations look at. They've decided it isn't as not an issue when of was placed so you happy the conduct of all your players in Malaysia. Will is nothing Mansour for Andy Murray is planning to return to the practice courts towards the end of March he could yet be an action for the grass court season Great Britain and Jason Kenney had to settle for silver as they were beaten by the Netherlands in the team sprint final at the track cycling world championships Katie Archibald finished well down the field in the scratch race Ronnie O'Sullivan is through to the last 32 of the Welsh Open having beaten Graham Dott 4 nil the 5 time world champion made light work of Scotland's doubt he'll face David. Race later on and they were shocked exits for the well not a 3 judge Trump he went out for want a nap on sayang com and the world number folding Junge way who lost a limb Highfield by the same score finally signed the South Africa batsman Hashim Amla for the 1st 3 months of the new cricket season. And Hughes Shaun Fife 5 Live. With shop. And the Rybar it was Dr Karl who if you recall was it was placed in position of having to work if physiological pause or by Mike from Edinburgh who held his breath and then passed out and then came to still holding his breath so what have you got from Mike Caro. It is a well known and very dangerous physiological condition each year several a strain children died from it and here's the explanation. Your draw I've to breathe is not oxygen comma but carbon dioxide you know words the reason you breathe is not because you are love on oxygen. No it's because you've got too much carbon dioxide let me explain so you breathe in which is got. Less than half a percent of carbon dioxide in a 20 percent oxygen and then you breathe out air that is 16 percent oxygen 4 percent carbon dioxide and if you breathe rapidly and do some deep breathing not just sort of like but a bit of fast a deep breathing like this ah and do deeply and consistently you can even get to the stage where your fingertips are tingling let me point out that this is dangerous and you can die from it and only daughter from it and several straight in children die every year from it so don't do too much or have actually somebody around you and you feel you think it's hips tingling and that is the saw that you are in very low carbon dioxide and then in poor marks case he's carbon dioxide live was. That he then passed out he then went unconscious because he wasn't getting any more oxygen in the brain because he had no desire to breathe so he held his breath had no desire to breathe and the oxygen consume and the ranges were minutes to 4 minutes when you passed out he passed out around the one minute mark and then was he was unconscious I'm pretty sure he had a breath because other was he would be did and the way that happens in a strike is that and I've done this and my kids have done this. Really hard it's summer and you're in the pill and you have a competition to see who can stand the water longest and so. People think they can sort of soak they tease shoes in oxygen bar hop of it lighting that you can't but I still have a ventilator beforehand and they have it right there not sucking the tissues in oxygen there are a 93 percent said Sure I can get to is maybe not a 5 no big deal but instead of dropping off the carbon dioxide then dog on to the water and then suddenly they fall they have no desire to birdies and so these kids stay underwater with their face under the water and actually have the power of the Pooh and then they stay there for a bit longer and they still having no desire to breed and then they go unconscious and they stop doing the floating try the over stop doing the swimming motions to stand the bottom of clue and then float to the surface but still with their face down in the water and the other kids think well they're doing really well they're unconscious and they die in front of them and I nearly did this to myself when I was on television. As a t.v. Weatherman trying to demonstrate in one of the regular science parts that I did back then helium or wrongly thought that I could saturate most issues with helium and so I got a cylinder of helium were demonstrating the squeaky voice thing and tried to explain it by the way the explosion guy was wrong that sorority make mistakes or that I guess that you don't like anything so I said before the camera came home he said the camera was originally on the home base which was the host then it went to the news desk and was on the news desk for the minute and a half before had a heart of it lighted and then the camera came on to me and then started speaking in a squeaky voice I had one extra sip of images to show why this is the case I then spoke and gave the explanation of why your voice when squeaky when you're on helium and didn't speak much at all is a very short explanation and then the camera left me and went back to the home base and I stood there in front of the blue screen the green screen where I did my summation of helium and white in the. Voice squeaky and I found myself slowly sinking to the floor and I made a bit of a thump as I hit the floor and on the person driving the camera was pointed at the homes but I swear the host were turned around and looked at me and put his finger to his ribs saying Stop making a noise and as I lay there on the floor I think I thought why don't for down why is the world turning from car into black and watch Why am I losing my wall to wall perfect vision and having it turn into central vision and going gradually sort of black and white not so nice or all is because of dogging that's what's going on I fell to the floor because I'm dying and I'm losing color vision because of dog. And I'll bet a dog Luckily I remembered my physiology when I won leeches or realize that the reason I was dying was because I wasn't breathing because I had no desire to breathe because I'd blown off all my carbon dioxide and then I tried to have a breath or sort of. Made a sort of gasping noise and was a guy in the person on camera one point to the home base to read a policing of all it's like stop making noise quite rightly and it was like trying to Bev a bris when your lungs are already full of air and with that bridge suddenly it was like a switch came on and suddenly with that 1st gush of a sudden I started breathing again and a snap from black and white central vision into color vision and a level floor panting making noise or trying to make too much noise because I don't want to upset the camera or the motel and I gad number one so that's what happened to you Mark you are lucky you lived you are lucky you did not die because civil strife his dog every year of that so drink him and backing off for the holding your breath bit of it alight in yes but do not hold your breath and if you feel yourself with no desire whatsoever to breathe force yourself to burry because otherwise you go and conscious and be like me dog on the floor of the studio what a scary story my goodness Mike thank you for that and hope everybody takes note of that I'm talking about fat and as we wearily are on. This is from Michael in bowling to him who says Is there any evidence to support your idea that a lot of exercise for example me I'm training for the London mountains as Michael cuts die in the negative effects of all call consumption. Yes each in the sense that the alcohol is destroyed broken down by your liver and there's a bunch of chemicals cold alcohol of course is the 1st knife the 2nd a d. Hard drug a nice. This is a family of alcohol the hard drug tonight eases 123-4026 or 7 now and the d. Means does something the heart in a ruse Hodgin the eye means it's an inside so it's a chemical which removes the Hodgin from the alcohol and breaks it down and there is some argument for believing that even you had to go higher physical activity you do it is possible to stimulate the activity of alcohol the hydrogen has already bet he's a go I don't know what the latest is on that but in general you're better off if you try to do something to avoid alcohol and just treat yourself like a racehorse on a very premium diet and try to raise even just avoid the alcohol I don't know if that's true that the trying. The alcohol fast I'll have to look it up extra homework. Michel thank you very much for it 5058 by the way for your text and I know you know the number anyway but there it is it 5 o 5 it and up all night b.b.c. Dot seo door u. K. If you are even willing Iris wars Psalm one st and Sam says very exciting because it's his 1st time trying to get in touch with Dr Caro and he said where does the sadness fear and from space i.e. What is the region where space begins and 0 gravity kicks in because. I remember watching the famous Red Bull Felix Baumgartner space jump documentary where Felix climb to 128100 feet and he very nicely translates not to 39045 meters in a helium filled balloon traveling faster than the speed of sound I was wondering where is a cut off point of him falling back to Earth in contrast to him floating around in 0 gravity how much higher would he have had to travel. Well he'd probably have to go out saw the solar system because gravity reaches to the edge of the universe where as atmosphere doesn't reach as far so if you take the example of missed the boat got no was it yesterday so how do you know it's Baumgartner that have many kilometers up was he is up to 39045 meters. 40 kilometers we'll call it Ok so he's not in space the purely arbitrary definition of space is 100 kilometers and there's still atmosphere there not enough to breathe but enough to slow down an orbiting spacecraft and so the zone from about 150 kilometers up to about 300 kilometers is called the forbidden zone or 200 kilometers because we can't really get to it if you put a spacecraft there say 100 kilometers up the wind resistance is a great it's moving at 7 kilometers a 2nd and still have atmosphere that will lose lots of altitude every day and do your bit but you can't get there with a balloon you're limited to about 4045 kilometers so 50 kilometers 200 kilometers 150 is the forbidden zone further up the International Space Station at 352400 kilometers still experiences enough wind resistance the loses 70 but it is of altitude every day 70 meters and this International Space Station is big 50 meters by 100 meters 20 meters high. 100 meters across and 50 meters deep from front to back so this is sort of rectangle pushing forward through the atmosphere the still up there 400 kilometers and it's rectangle is square on to the wind and it is creating wind and it is 100 meters about 20 meters and normally loses only 70 minutes a day but in on best still day in the year 2000 mentioned this before this program lost 15000 liters 15 kilometers in one day because the sun had had what we call in the strike if it has thrown a big ball of energy at the Earth does it heat up the atmosphere and expanded out further and so on the International Space Station they had to do an emergency. So how far do you have to get away to avoid the gravity of the earth well of the easiest one would be to go to a point between the Earth and the moon much closer to the moon than the Earth say 100000 kilometers from the moon 300000 killed his from the earth and at that stage the gravitational pull of the us in the moon would be balanced and is closer to the moon because a man is much smaller and has a wicked gravitational field I'm just guessing that it's a real 100000 kilometer Maki somebody can look at the answer and give it to me on to the fate of Dr Col Dean. To feel really at the answer so he hadn't even gone half way Felix Baumgartner. I don't know even half way to the definition of the edge of space which is a 100 kilometers but he's close to half way and no way near where he'd be effectively equal gravitational pull from the moon and the snow in here that right well let's take a call from a Dennis who's been waiting patiently on the phone and grandson Hello Dennis. Oh my goodness of. Course Ellison do you have really the right person. Comes 1st. Absolutely you tell about a car what's on your mind just referred on to Morse was born just just going just one point that as if you don't mind because where we're Ok We're going to travel that's why. I did it. Well so 52 years ago when I was 7 years old. I think I got it through shock. I'd love to be is not saying a lot of progression. But I'm wondering. Getting doc to call that they will eventually be able to replace that lying Chris with something that was as efficiently. And you can have insulin pump but they still have to be programmed a delay by the user is there anything that can mimic the natural action applying Chris. Firstly there wasn't 10 years ago but now we can do a pancreas implant because a pancreas will make insulin and this is a healthy pancreas by the way almost certainly what happened in your case is that you had in Tali innocent upper respiratory tract infection your immune system made chemicals to fight that and boy a terrible coincidence those chemicals also attacked your. Pancreas specifically the beta cells the bit all of the cells that make the insulin so firstly if you thought somebody has got a close enough match to you and as a hobbit you can then have in a 3 hour operation. Pancreas transplant and the proof is of prey Korea's from the 1st he did person will survive off about 20 hours and that works with some degree of success. Stories. Nanos just a whole paragraph just lobbed in yours gets thrown out this one gets put in you have to really. Immune suppression drugs for a long haul and they're. Done now you have to check it all depends on what. The 5 percent survive the 1st year organ rejection that happens after that about one percent a year but has successful of these in weedy un tall enough insulin there are no you have to change that with your doctor what we really want is that we do some gene therapy with our good friend crisper c r I s p r and use that to replace the bad bit of d.n.a. In your Reus. And I from somewhere else. You know. Even I'm guessing that the cells in your bank Reus still have the ability to make the bit all of the cells I just have to be tickled into action with Chris but we don't know how to do that we're getting better at it certainly was crisper we've been able to just recently make 2 mechanic monkeys but not for adult cells but for lethal cells there's a whole different thing you don't have any fetal cells we were getting calls that we're not there yet is the goal we're not there yet. And may be a pancreas transplant could be appropriate for your particular situation Jake with the g.p. I don't know. Thank you very much. You know I'm sure that as I've got people queued up waiting across many many fights. Over this bitrate. Here's a question from Brian who emailed us from Portsmouth says off of Portsmouth so. Can you and he sent this on Valentine's Day I already saw this on Valentine's Day the 14th of February observers witnessing a green flash sunrise or sunset have been previously discussed on the show what I observed may be related to this is Brian but while driving to work early one morning prior to sunset I saw a green column of light emerging from the horizon to the sky it was a fairly clear morning but there was some light high level cloud cover in the sky that morning can you explain the cause my guess would be ice crystals in the atmosphere but I'm unsure how this would give the column of green light I observed as opposed to a crescent or a rainbow and it gives us a little bit of data he saw it while he was traveling east between Portsmouth and haven't here and he saw in the eastern sky or over hailing islands was looking out towards the sea and he saw it a round about 6 minutes past 7 g.m.t. And the sun rose that morning at 19 minutes past 7 g.m.t. . He is one of the very lucky people who have seen the green flash the explanation is relatively complex a little of one with the pedia But if you look at the spectrum of lot. For one reason the reddish in the spectrum go somewhere and for another reason the bluish and go somewhere else and was left is the green which gets channeled over the age and you've got to be looking exactly there and the 1st time the last sort which is more water in the Gulf of Carpentaria near the equator of the top end of a straw Yeah and I just saw this green flash at sunset and so not wishing to put ideas in the head I said Honey did you just notice something weird then and she said Yes I saw and she said the words green flash and the 2nd time was in the Antarctic with at last a little bit longer and in the Antarctic because the sun moves slowly roll to the landscape. The Green Flash has been sometimes stationary not just for a 2nd before 20 minutes. Now you have been very lucky to see the green flash the phenomenon is called channeling I don't think that is specifically related to high altitude ice crystals but are forgotten entirely the path by which it happens I just remember that there's a reason a good explosion we can put us on the island do you think that Orions brands going green color was a green flash I mean green flash just a lion on the horizon but this was actually a column of light yes there are many varieties so one is a dish get a blob on the horizon sort of rectangular wider than it is hard the 2nd is that you get a series of rectangles one above the other with normal scar and between getting progressively smaller as I get up in the 3rd one is the green color there are photos of these on the Web Just go look up green flash on the Google image and I am so jealous that you've seen one because I haven't seen one of the Yes' he said or toss them all off the seas and you to see you have to spend a bit of Todd outdoors and it turns out that in America not d. Percent of people spend 92 percent of their time in a motor vehicle or inside a building and when you think about it you don't usually spend about an hour outdoors know either but I'm sure I've spent I've spent some long and very pleasant sunsets staring at the horizon and looking for a green flash sale if this is one of these things you do so let's very quickly hear from. John who's calling us from Hampshire hello John my question is the wind farms which are being built today all seem to have 3 blades if memory serves me well oh we had 4 blades do you know if there's a scientific or commercial reason for this apparent change to for only 3 blades. Physics So theoretically if you have a one bladed fan that has got the least wind resistance and that is the most efficient you get the most energy for. Because you got less drag but it's not stable if you go for 2 blades one apart from each other $180.00 degrees apart they do a bit of wobbling and you do the physics this is sort of a your ring thing you know where the in an airplane if it goes to the left and right that's called the your so this is your ring plane when the blades have to change the direction when this is shifting wind direction and he can end up with resonance happening that is bad so the wind blew the Winterval with 3 blades has very little vibrational chatter because the 3 blades a balance against each other they don't have the instability of the one blade they don't have the your ring problem the 3 blood and yes 4 blade is stable and doesn't have a problem because got more wind resistance you're blocking the air says 3 blades turns out to be the best compromise with the modern technology we can make the supports strong enough in the old days the supports weren't as physically strong as that for an explanation thank you very much thank you thank you John Boy oh boy excellent excellent physics and good and here we go with a question actually more an answer from John in Corby who says there is an artificial pancreas and development in the u.k. And at least one person has been fitted with it it was featured in the B.B.C.'s most recent series of Trust me I'm a doctor. Yes mobile news. The problem is not building the pancreas because one my friends is doing that in the light not the seventy's early eighty's when I was a boy medical engineer the problem has been the glucose inside that works out what the level of glucose in the blood is and in response to that then the private about Official into the blood and so this has been holding his back no they actually implanted Hank Reus the rather the sensing of the glucose levels because. By Dr Karl thank you very much indeed thank you very much of luck.