I'm slowly looking than anyone else this is the season. 3 b.b.c. News comes from Dominic busting on the news on 5 Live a terror attack in New York kills 8 and seriously injured 11 men and in support Manchester United are on the verge of the Champions League knock out stages but Chelsea slip up. This is b.b.c. 5 Live. 8 people are dead in what police are treating as a terrorist attack in New York 11 others were seriously hurt when a truck hit them on a cycle path in lower Manhattan a 29 year old man was shot and then arrested the suspect is reported to be an immigrant who came to the us in 2010 and settled in Florida here's our North America editor John Sopel there are those in the White House who believe there is no such thing as a lone wolf attack or that the person must have been radicalized somewhere are they'll be doing their utmost to trace any threads that could lead to other people who may be planning something similar 5 of those killed were from Argentina President Trump says he's asked officials to step up the vetting of people coming into the United States not to Davida gotten Stein Ross is a counterterrorism expert oftentimes terrorist like to talk if he wants people to know exactly what why he did it then we'll learn a lot of at least but also in the u.s. Initial system people have the opportunity to exercise their right not to soften criminate refuse talk about anything that surrounds the incident and or refuse to speak to authorities without counsel. To resume a has referred the 1st secretary of state Damian Green to the cabinet secretary following an allegation of inappropriate behavior published by The Times a conservative activist told the paper he touched her knee and sent a suggestive text message the cabinet secretary will consider whether he's broken the ministerial code David Greene Damian Green about your partner has described the claims as deeply hurtful and completely untrue the brags that Secretary David Davies has suggested that some kind of basic deal will be a grade with the e.u. Even if there's no trade agreement he appeared before the highest House of Lords a you Committee if we end up with no deal no no in my mind that tends to mean no free trade deal and no customs arrangement to go with it as the primary thing you lose and what I don't think is we wind up with a circumstance where there is no agreement over a number of fairly fundamental issues reduction of the 6th series that the Netflix House of Cards has been suspended following the sexual assault allegations against Kevin Spacey he's been accused of making sexual advances to another actor who was 14 at the time space he says he owes him a sincere apology for what he calls deeply inappropriate drunken behavior. They could be bigger Duggan's in the maximum stakes allowed on fixed odds betting machines gamblers can now better up to 100 pounds every 20 seconds but the government review says the limit should be between 2 and 50 pounds Sammael Gailani spent around a quarter of a 1000000 pounds on machines over 12 years when I was 17 I was introduced to the tricks of betting terminals I was quite young I could bet 10 pounds and win 300 pounds and for me that was the buzz and excitement but slowly over slim my life became completely dictated by it and I was going from 5 pounds in 10 pounds to 50 pounds and a 100 pounds to spend this latest news on 5 Live Let's get the sport now is Joker e Chelsea missed the chance to progress to the knockout stages of the Champions League after a 3 no thrashing at Roma and Sonya contests men going behind after just 39 seconds from a now lead group c. By a point but a win against Karabakh in 3 weeks' time will see Chelsea go through no such problems for Manchester United they were to no victory at home to Benfica leaves them on the verge of reaching the last 16 but Celtic's 21 defeat against by New York ends their hopes of getting out of group b. Sunderland have parted company with manager Simon Grayson following their 3 all draw with Bolton in the Championship would have gone top of the table with a 2 No when at Norwich elsewhere hips up to 3rd in the Scottish Premiership with a 3 no victory at Kilmarnock you can catch up on all of the results on the b.b.c. Sport website a new world boxing champion Katie Taylor says she'll defend her w.b. a Lightweight title on the 15th of December in England the 31 year old wasn't expected to fight again until next year that's after sustaining a mind a cut in Saturday's win over an hour he Sanchez this is b.b.c. 5 live on digital online the smartphone and tablet and the weather details dry with some cloud 1st but most places will be clear later on maybe some fog by dawn lows of. In London and Manchester and 14 in Edinburgh to all things to do something good for b.b.c. Children in need it's like going on a sponsored one thing maybe a full sit round but could stay running back Chris Christie is a deep sea diver while juggling fairy cakes to be made to Children in Need face l. Think. It's just a sponsor drug thing for the p.c. Children in Need Good Friday the 17th of November download all free fundraising get today at b.b.c. Doco dot you Kate slash Pudsey. Good. To get. On to am f.m. On the u.k. On digital and online I brought shop and where all my. Today is all shows all city state run for observant Catholics it's a holy day of obligation. To make an appearance at church and remember said some martyrs who give up their lives for Christianity as closely followed by All Souls' Day which in many Latin American countries in particular is celebrated as the day of the dead but here we are today and it's 500 years since something did or perhaps did not. The man called Martin Luther who opposed many of the ways of the Roman Catholic Church forced in 1005 these days on the church door. But we're going to begin with an anniversary which we're all aware of and that has the anniversary of the death of $58.00 people in Las Vegas on the 1st of October. 58 were killed hundreds were injured after a gunman opened fire on a huge country music concert in Las Vegas one that was being attended by as many as 20000 people and as we mark the months since that attack going to try to find out what's changed what's happened in the American mindset and that we start from hearing by hearing from Logan and liberty who were at the concert that night on the bulb 3rd song. We use here like this noise it sounds like fireworks a couple random pops cooling off and everybody just kind of. Like looked around but they just thought it was fireworks and the performer kept going and then it went off again like 10 seconds later it went off and you see the performers just run off the stage the whole state schools. And. People are saying get down get down that's when we knew it was obvious that the shooter and we're all on the ground we can't see anything at start we just all we hear is gunshots going off and then keep going keep going and then a saucer man and somebody says he's reloading Ron and everybody just gets up and starts are running and you see people just getting trampled and it's people like I was looking on the ground people are bloody everywhere saw girl her whole face was bloody her old house was bloody people pushing over there is really it's burning their hands on grills trying to get through because there's barbecues everywhere there's just nowhere as old really. It was crazy. Well 2 of the concert goers from that night well over the next 20 minutes or so will be thinking about it and on the day after President Trump called it an act of pure evil and he summoned the the White House staff to stand with him for a minute of respectful silence on the White House lawn in other remarks at least one Democratic senator invited the Congress to get off at sas and do something this was Senator Chris Murphy of Connecticut Well question is what has Congress done and one of the proposals which is going the rounds and which made some progress is a bipartisan bill which would provide a framework to restrict and regulate bump stocks know the bump stock was used by the shooter in Las Vegas to turn his semiautomatic rifle into a fully automatic weapon firing up to 100 rounds a minute and so far no legislation has actually been passed on bump stocks Congresswoman Dina Titus represents the 1st district of Nevada including Was figures on her bill calls for a waiting period and a full investigation of anyone who wants to buy a bump so here she is explaining it to me a little bit earlier co-sponsor of a bill just to ban bombs dogs with and this climate with the Republicans in charge and that you know are a way to have a very unlikely that well so I'm also co-sponsoring with another Democrat and 2 Republicans including is Patrick from Pennsylvania and is a former f.b.i. Agent a meal to regulate. This would require you to do. Background you have to pay $200.00 to do this you would regulate the bunched up just like we regulate machine guns Well no you exactly took the words out of my most because I was going to ask you why not buy stocks that were winners and off talk about banning them in the days after the less Vegas shootings Well that's right in that would be the only thing course some of the gun groups argue that regulating might you have a better way to go because if you ban then you create a black market and you don't know who has these devices and it's not just bombs dogs I want to point out it's other devices that work the same way there's such a thing as a shooting blow and you can put on your hand the trainers. Firing shots hundreds per minute to our thousands and so it's broader than just bombs but why should any citizen of us possess a rational question but why should any citizen want a gun that shoots hundreds of rounds a minute I mean that's a military application isn't well that's exactly right these are weapons edgy use and war you don't need them for hunting you don't need them for recreation it's just an obsession some people have and this is a reasonable kind of gun safety measure it's not something that goes against the 2nd Amendment we're not trying to take away people's rifles we want to go out and shoot deer this is a kind of weapon that nobody needs for those kinds of activities in this climate you've talked about the unwillingness of the Republicans in Congress to actually pass bills that restrict anything to do with a gun when I was a mosque that Congress did actually pass something that limited sale of a particular kind of gun for example or certainly him in there in my time in Congress it was the assault weapons. Earlier But you know since then you have had this and you hook shooting with the little 1st grader it's you have that nightclub in Florida movie theater and Colorado you've had the government office in San Francisco San Diego are Sacramento somewhere in California and now this big 58 people killed in the worst in modern history so at don't know what is going to get people to take action you know we always have a moment of silence on the floor of the house people you know in or jazz in the n.r.a. Just drags the Republicans while paying the bill for a vote they just way to am until the news cycle shifts the n.r.a. Being the National Rifle Association. Who are still a very very powerful lobbying organization Talking of which isn't there a bill also in Congress at the moment that would permit the sale of silencers. Yes sense right and they are yours for the good of the 100 because of its ears being affected which is just ridiculous our law enforcement is opposed to that because one of the things about being able to hear a gunshot is to be able to detect where it's coming from and that can help to protect you inside a lab so this is a push in the other direction where we have to be on the defensive not on the opposite they were sensitive enough to at least pull that be all right in the wake of this you things in Las Vegas but that won't surprise me to say I'm bringing it back you know they don't want to do background checks as another b. All they want not want to do away with multi ammunition magazines. You know is just like absolutely won't do anything you know these great big clips which are so on wheel the the you can you can barely cohort the things with the tremendous number of runs. I mean there is a report I think the l.a. Times the. That the silencer legislation is going to be offered again how do you read the the mood among a majority of your fellow members of Congress I mean is there any type to to actually take a legislative approach to well we we hope that this bill to allow. It to regulate stops may get some support because originally that's what the n.r.a. Said originally that's what Speaker Ransley and that was kind of the message coming out of the White House oh here's one other option give you one other chance to make me do something but it's hard to gauge know they're so concerned about primaries from the raw 8 so Mom represents districts where people are just so attached and their guns that they think in the midst your is a an attack on the 2nd amendment they say one thing in the elevator and they do something else on the floor but remember there are 22000 people at that concert so that's a lot of people who are affected who would be abal even support of getting rid of upstart And also if you look at the public opinion polls the majority of people in this country take a nationwide support mag rancheros and support get rid of so hopefully we are rich a tipping point. Democratic Congresswoman Dina Titus from Nevada just said saying that she is cooperating on this bill with a Republican Brian Fitzpatrick from Pennsylvania were listening to all with us was mileage and has a 23 year old daughter Jessica who was at the route $91.00 harvest music festival and unfortunately was one of those who was shot and she's currently recovering all . And before we talk about Jessica I just wonder how you react to. Represent a tight it's hard to say there but Congress. Funny . Along the variable subject in this country. You know listening to that I would say my reaction is you know she's so right. There are just certain weapons and there are certain weapon accessories. You know I believe now or totally that the American public has just proven. You know we don't have. Enough responsibility to. I have the right to home. I'm a proponent of the 2nd Amendment I own a shotgun. I own a postal I support shoot a little bit. You know I'm not anti gun but I certainly am. You know anti bomb stuff can military grade weapons for Judge and munition clips we just I think we've proven here that we just don't need it don't need regular citizens to own that stuff. Well. How. About your daughter because she really was badly injured wasn't. How is he doing and what exactly were her in today's. She is doing much better now a month later she was shot in the stomach and the bullet. And here's another 1 1 on the discussion we were just talking about he was shooting from what I understand fragmenting bullets stuff designed to come apart and in the tissue. So she was shot as I understand it one time and parts of that bullet lacerated her liver and one of those fragments went through the wall of her right lung and came to rest on her long thank goodness and has had several operations. She did she had an initial operation and then had a 2nd operation to go after the fragment in the long. And in the course of some of that ended up suffering acute kidney failure and was put on dialysis which we've now thankfully fought our way through and there's no longer the case. That's that's great news so what prospects are there for her now I mean we're. On the road. Where we are close to getting out of here we should stay on as a chest tube in that's been draining fluid off the long surgery site for well over 3 weeks now but it's it's slowing down to the point where I think they're going to pull that just to go really soon. And that's kind of one of the last to that and a partially collapsed lung is one of the those are pretty much the 2 things that are keeping this balance here to the hospital still in Los Vegas and then we should be able to transfer to a rehab hospital to finish some things up there and how how is Jessica's mood given what she's been through. In a leg given what she's been through it's amazing minutes great. You know now and normally. I wouldn't describe it that way. But on a scale for somebody that was shot with a high powered rifle from. The 32nd floor of the hotel room trying to enjoy the concert I think her attitude is outstanding she was fairly quiet. About everything she has really opened up here in the last 234 days. So that's a good thing for us to see because a little bit worried about just kind of the mental aspect of this whole thing too. Well and I'm sure this has been so rotten for you and so hard on you and you know if you. Were she would friends i mean how did they get on the meaning. What happened after she was hurt. You know she traveled to Las Vegas with one friend from Southern California for the So purpose of coming to this concert they attended all 3 days of the concert and when she was shot. Her friend. Destiny. Was absolutely and strong mentally and getting her out of there and and really saving her life I mean she literally Jack dragged Jessica's body through those grounds and out those gates and Toshi got assistance from somebody else and they loaded Jessica in the back of a pickup and that's how Jessica ended up going to the hospital was in the back of a pickup. We've we've just you know we're so grateful to you for talking to us at this point. But you know here we are and would be here before we we talk about the suffering of people who think caught up in these in these mass shooting incidents and I don't think any of us expect that it's going to be us. And you must you must have thought about this a lot you know previously maybe you've heard people talking from the Newtown school shootings or something like that and here you are not talking to us like this. Can anything good come of stuff like this. You know that's that's a tough one I think that the good thing that does come from it is seeing all of the you know great support and. The other side of our society that that pours in was just the prayers and the support my son. You know just just love so I you know I guess there's that side of the coin and you know the other I don't know I don't know how many times we will repeat this. Before we get it right and if we can get it right. You know this when you have a. Free Society one obviously I would. I would want nothing more than the great free society that we have here a little so free. You know I don't know I don't know how you stem the tide I don't know how you are now you stop these things from happening in this country I really don't. Thank you very much and everybody's thoughts are with you and and with Jessica for a full recovery. And I greatly appreciated now we expect to make one then and we are really fanfold thankful as a family there's a lot of people. That aren't going to make full recoveries or lives are changed and you know as we all know there's there is 58 that ended here and it says sag strangely extremely sad thing to be a part of thank you that thank you well by 2 weeks after the Las Vegas shooting which let's not forget was statistically the deadliest mass shooting in modern American history coverage of had all but vanished from 6 major cable news networks according to analysis by our next guest trace looked at data collected by the television news archive here to explain a bit more about that now Daniel nice from the trace Hello Daniel thanks for having me on well thank you so much on the day and and the day after list because it was wall to wall on on the cable networks what happened after that. Yeah that's exactly right so my you know I was looking at coverage of the biggest shooting 6 of these Nat. Cable news networks using data that comes from a great resource called the t.v. News archive which is a huge searchable database of t.v. News clues captions and basically it lets you see as a percentage. How popular or how frequently mentioned any given term is so you can see that on a day of the shooting coverage of the last biggest shooting was at about 1.3 percent of all sentences going on 6 of these national t.v. News networks and just one day after that it had fallen by about a 3rd and by 2 weeks out it said it was at practically 0 and has stayed there since that. Is this typical. The same pattern that you saw for the Newtown school shootings for example yes so I compared the graphs of several mass shooting events and also a few other news events as a frame of reference and I saw what looks like a pretty distinct pattern in coverage there's of course there's some variation some things hit a higher peak than others some things have a slightly longer life but it looks like almost without variation in the events that I looked at within 2 to 3 weeks. Coverage subsidence to almost nothing national t.v. News. It's. If you're if you're in the news unfortunately this is not surprising but. You didn't look at the content I guess at the end of the news cycle did you I mean did you were you interested in what they were actually covering before they dropped the story altogether. I didn't look into that in too much detail I think in the case of the biggest shooting there were a few very small upticks that I was able to map onto specific events that are on Day 9 the police revised the timeline of the shooting which may have prompted a few networks to revisit the events and then. Day $25.00 there was that there was news that a neuroscientist was going to be examining that the government spring for abnormalities but other than that. There were no not really any. Events that could have happened to restore interest in it that did for example there were no major revelations about the gunman Stephen attic and legislation that was proposed in the Senate that would have banned stocks the device that he used to accelerate the rate of fire and again. That legislation stalled out so. The coverage of the biggest shooting compared to the other Vincent looked at had the shortest shelf life of all really the shortest shelf life so so suggesting that the public are no inured to the horror of this after the initial shock. Yes that's a possible interpretation is also the fact that you know I think to many people it's years later that the news cycle has been particularly It still really did recently. Maybe that networks had even more on their plate in usual and that's what led to this coverage shifting away separately. Well if it if it looked like we were all going to get nuked that was possibly quite commanding news story to the time anyway Daniel were very pleased that you could talk to us thank you so much thanks so much for having me on as let's go back to this legislative impasse which congress woman Titus was talking to us about just a few minutes ago Igor bore pick his politics support at the Huffington Post and he's been looking at why there is such a legislative stalemate over an issue that provoked such a for sure for us sponsors a month ago Well Igor what seance or why why isn't there more happening although admittedly we don't have this new bump storks bill from from Congresswoman Titus and our colleague. Yeah I mean in a sense and thanks for having me I think in a sense it's really that the problem is that. Republicans in Congress. Are are. Sort of beholden to certain interests such as the not for National Rifle Association the powerful gun lobby. In the United States and on. Wary about their influence in in the next election so I did a National Rifle Association initially bless the idea that you could get rid of bump stops you know they they wouldn't oppose that they did it that's right and but you know gun control advocates and the Democrats say that the that the big momentum for initial momentum for legislation and a legislative fix which would be more permanent was was effectively kneecapped deliberately kneecaps by the National Rifle save Association which really just opposes. Regulations because they say does not prevent criminals or solve any crimes really if they say that criminals would still get hold of them on the black market and there is a there is a phenomenon there isn't there that immediately after this sales of bump stocks or if nobody had heard of went through the roof that's right and then they were still in on some websites sold out and for that matter other kinds of devices that form the same function as bomb stocks bomb stocks have gotten the majority of the coverage because that's what the shooter in Las Vegas used on 12 weapons but there are similar types of devices that are also on the market that people can still purchase. And is there any say argument farther I mean no they are they used in gun clubs for some kind of competition I mean can anybody far the amount of ammunition that these things actually use the original argument for them was that they were they were constructed to 8 people with disabilities to be able to fire weapons. Now you've got some Republican lawmakers who have never even heard of these weapons and who have said that you know we should really take a look at them and they should not be able to simulate automatic fire on semiotic with automatic weapon what has happened is that because the National Rifle Association has come out and sent that you know there that we should do this regulatory or you know regulatory sense not what the law the whole thing is stalled . The agency that's supposed to regulate these things does not know whether they have the authority on here under existing laws to regulate these things so we're kind of in an analog so to speak. And can you just remind us just just to show us how things have changed about semiautomatic weapons you know military grade repeating rifles which where actually banned for sale in the United States for a number of years. There were and I believe was in the ninety's or at the early 2 thousands actually the the band legislative ban on that expired because of opposition again led by the n.r.a. In Congress and this is a this is a recurring issue here in United States after every every should mass shooting Democrats. Launch a new push for gun control and the n.r.a. And they are allies know that if they sort of you know hand out kind of scraps like knowledge in that there's got to be some kind of law in due time when the controversy subsides they've really got time on their side it go back from the Huffington Post thank you very much she go thank you. And that's just after 3. Moderately issues this is b.b.c. 5 Live news comes from Dominic prospect a people have been killed and 11 others seriously injured in what police are treating as a terror attack in New York it happened when a truck mounted a psychopath and then plowed into pedestrians the 1st secretary of state Damian Green has been referred to the cabinet secretary by 2 reason May The move follows an allegation of inappropriate behavior published in The Times Damian Green has described the claims as deeply hurtful and completely untrue that flicks has announced production of the 6th season of House of Cards has been suspended following sexual assault allegations against Kevin Spacey he's been accused of making sexual advances to another actor who was 14 at the time Spacey says he owes him a sincere apology for what he calls a deeply inappropriate drunken behavior and an historic pier in a Sussex has been which were other was devastated by fine 2010 as won a prestigious architecture award after a multi-million pound redevelopment Hastings pier which reopened April 26th 5 other buildings to win the Stirling Prize there's the headlines on 5 Live Jo Currie has the sport Chelsea's night started badly and got aggressively worse off to check the current strike you tried. Yes Telsey going behind to Roma after just 39 seconds and it didn't get any better from there as they were beaten 3 nil away to miss the chance to bequests the knockout stages of the Champions League Roman Ali group c. By a point but to win against Karabakh in 3 weeks' time we'll see Chelsea go through no such problems for Manchester United there were 2 no victory at home to Benfica leaves them on the verge of reaching the last 16 this one was watched by a senior football reporter in Dallas Manchester United were far from fluent at times when. Fortunate Masiello how to 14th minute penalty save by spill off while the hair shortly afterwards pulled off a flying safe to keep out on solve as on the stroke of half time shot hit the post but rebounded and off the luckless goalkeeper to hair again kept out on Silva as well as sloppy by a mistake letting him an f. Who hit the post a 2nd penalty 12 minutes from time sailed a 4th successive Champions League win Blent order to take it rather than the Kaku and phatic but the United display far from it south takes $21.00 defeat against by Munich ends their hopes of getting out a group bate manager Brendan Rodgers says it's plenty to take from the match despite the result the level of phone call to prove something was very prevalent in India because there was a problem consider to go to the promises not to put. It over the property. To Mr Bolton the last. Great disappointment to Wall Street to some positives from the Sunderland have parted company with manage assignment Grayson after their 3 children with Bolton the 22nd in the Championship Grayson had been in charge at the Stadium of Light for just 15 games keep in Holloway says he wasn't given enough time as after 16 minutes at a game finishing you know football is going to realize you know you can't move mile in g. Can't change people and want to own for is 18 months you know I was East suddenly going to change that a football club is big is Sunderland is you liken it to a a huge ship he's not only got to pull it off the ball but he's got to get a flow in a game and that in and of time to do that is really not really in my opinion in one way was speaking off to his side keep ya beat Sheffield United one nil United now slipped a 3rd in the table wolves have gone top with a 2 no win nor age elsewhere Hibs are up to 3rd in the Scottish Premiership with a 3 no victory at Kilmarnock you can catch up on all the results on the b. . Website and app a new world boxing champion Katie Taylor says she'll defend the w.b. a Lightweight title on the 15th of December in England the 31 year old wasn't expected to fight again until next year house after sustaining a mind a cut in such states when I 1st saw his Sanchez lives. In each class competition on. The nights. Comedy coverage. Against Chelsea some 45 kickoff and all the build up in was from 630 you can also download the you released podcast from around the biggest from the recent Chantilly this is you listen to the station this is fine. For me as in the past lives this is b.b.c. 5 Live. With. Sam and I was held in the German town a veteran Berg on Tuesday to mark something which may not have happened when the 500 years ago or so Martin Luther marched up to the door of the castle church and they held up his $95.00 theses the ceremony of course was much more than just one thing it was about the life and times of Martin Luther whose criticism of the Roman Catholic Church led to the split with the church and the birth of Protestantism he said that Christians couldn't buy their way into heaven but only got there through the grace of God Well Dr Mona Briggs is a like Sure early modern history of Manchester I asked Arthur Briggs if and her opinion Martin Luther really did nail the 95 theses to the church door historians are still divided as to whether he did although the marshal worked diversity has made a very good case in fact he didn't do it that there are only references to the. From about 15 forties on words where he's supposed to nailed it on the 31st of October 15th 17. The defense is part of the mythology of Luther and that the middle aged grew up because pinning your ideas to this cathedral door was in the past a very normal form of disputation So it was a way of creation debate but there's no record from any of those works that he actually did this so it seems unlikely Oh dear well there's a balloon punctured but like $95.00 points that he would see with which he disagreed with the Roman Catholic Church he did I lot of people think that it's purely about indulgences which were. Basically taken and money and get time off in purgatory but the 95 species weren't just about indulgences they were there were other criticisms against the church essentially a lot of things that Luther disagreed with and wanted to see reform and so there were issues that he thought the church should address to make the church a better institution Well let's start with the involves just because of course we are told that Luther objected to the church's corruption and that there was a kind of super salesman of indulgences going around about this type you know who who was selling indulgences to build I don't know if it was Peter's or certainly it was it was to to fund some very large church building project so again I mean there's some truth in that as. Well there is so so at the time that Luther was circulating these ideas it was actually done at a very provocative time because. It was in the area it was in. Selling this very powerful indulgence that was going towards building in St Peter's So he did it at a time to capture the public imagination because it was it was very timely when we think about him I suppose we we do think though about about his it's huge differences theologically. But you know how you whether you and salvation or whether salvation was a gift of God That's that's a big deal isn't it. Yes So. It was believed by the Catholic Church that essentially that Christ opened the door to salvation through dying on the cross but that individuals had to do further things to achieve it so they could call the 7 sacraments so baptism marriage confessed and. They could do good works as well so they could pray they could fall fast the very wealthy could buy could buy rich things for the church so great over pieces or relic ways or great silks and things like that to decorate the church and in doing that they would gain more grace for salvation but Luther a lot of ideas about this but his 2 prominent ideas were so they feed a so faith alone and Sola Scriptura So word alone so he believed that individuals were justified by faith alone so the only need to. Believe in Christ and this would be part of their salvation and also from scripture that they should rely on the Bible and of the Bible had taught them and through this to be able to gain salvation and from sola scriptura script Europe was a looser who was that the driving force behind getting the Bible into the vernacular you know being a gentleman our English our our French the language of the people well so were the driving force in a sense and trying to get the language we're trying to get the Bible into German but he wasn't the 1st reformer or Philo did he want to teach Bible in the vernacular So we have John Wycliffe circulating his own translation of the Bible in English in the 14th century for instance. But Luther is obviously instrumental in. Translating the Bible for wider circulation in German. And it's also often said of of with her that his ideas wouldn't have gained wider currency had it not been for the spread of the printing press as that So I think that is true it wasn't just to the printing press that it was communicating his ideas who very strongly favored preaching he also communicated his ideas through music through song and through him that he himself had written but the printing press was was a great instrument in terms of being able to produce. Accessible ways to communicate ideas and for these ideas to spread very quickly and I lose a world and a section a skillful at using the printing press because he was able to communicate very complex ideas that were then printed and read by intellectuals from far and wide he was also able to communicate with the with the lower classes and with the illiterate he would have images printed that were very simple and very satirical that even those who couldn't read would be able to understand that he was mocking For instance the papacy or Catholic priests so he was able to not only use the speed of the printing press but also to use those cheap print and expensive print to communicate his ideas across social classes and last like we use this idea or this town or reformation to talk about Luther and the success of people like John Calvin but did Luther use it themselves not my knowledge he didn't so who started the whole idea that this was a reformation as far as I'm aware is coming from historians essentially who are looking at the great changes in the prostin church with the development and changes and process in church and also the way in which the Catholic Church. Reinvigorates itself songs are good in response to the process reformation but perhaps just in parallel to it so there are these great changes that are happening where these new ideas are coming in and they're shifting focus and there is a kind of sense of bettering in just to Sion So the Reformation is used after the period in which the Reformation is seen to occur is actually occurring yet and what happens Luther himself Well if it dies very quiet just in his own bed in 1546 surrounded by many of his followers so it was very quiet and for Luther compared to the very exciting life that he had led but also compared to the very bloody end of a lot of people who inherited his ideas well quite Yes. I wonder I wonder what he would have made of the developments in in church organize a sion to the vast numbers an hour from churches compared to the way it was when when he said it I wonder if he ever thought that there would be so many splinters if you like in the holes in the whole movement Well there are lots of splinters in his own lifetime notably the pen war of $1525.00 and there are a number of reformers that really came to the fore when he was in for a causal. In 1520 s. So he was aware of lots of different groups that were merging he was aware that in reading his own new ideas that this sort of opened the door for a lot of other new ideas that would create conflicting face and he didn't look very favorably on face beyond Lutheranism. So I think you would have been quite surprised and probably quite happy with your i t of faiths. Are part of the sort of post umbrella today Dr Linda Briggs lecturer in early modern history at the University of Manchester Well our correspondent in the Balkans Nic saw our. Reporting tonight on a new controversy involving Catalan and the pen that it appears to affect Hungary and spoke to clearly deeply as well here. Well it's an interesting effects really because you know while all of Europe The owns attention is on this sort of drama going on in Barcelona and in Catalonia. The hunger Ians of Eastern Europe in particular but I think minorities across Eastern Europe but the Hungary and in particular been very active in claiming autonomy for themselves in Rumania in Slovakia in Serbia and in Ukraine to understand that I should mention that 100 years ago or so at the Treaty of preeminence So after the 1st World War a lot of hung their aims were basically Hungary lost 2 thirds of its territory large numbers of its people so there are sort of islands of on Gary and living in those neighboring countries and since the fall of communism they've all been very active in because their current They live in pretty much concentrations in the mountains for example and remain near and so on they've been claiming all tell me I'm the example that always gave until now were scuttling autonomy within Spain as a sort of working model and they do is try and reassure the majority population Rumanians for example. That autonomy doesn't lead to independence but it's Ok that all they want is cultural autonomy their own schools their own citizen cinemas and so on and then they'll be good Rumanian citizens as well as hanging on to their cultural and Marion identity and of course now with what Spain happening in Catalonia that's throwing the calf among the pigeons as it were another remains and all the other people are turning around and say look we told you so and so it's pretty much told you go to the hopes of the hung Marion's probably of other minorities through the region and beyond of ever getting autonomy because everyone will now look to what happened in Catalonia. Why the hunger games in particular is it just because the hunger games are so widely distributed. Well there are people who often speak of there being 15000000 on Marion's in the world 10000000 or just under 10000000 in the motherland in Hungary exile in Russia Hungary as it was called after the 1st World War and then the others especially many in United States Australia and so on but especially in. Sort of strips of land close to the hung there in border most of them but just outside the motherland So you know there are fiercely let's say let's use a positive or neutral word Patry Oxic people at the best of times when the European Union expanded Interestingly some of the politicians and the the past were saying well look we've managed to reunify the Hungary and without finding another rule in other words they'd be able to you know to and fro easily over to Hungary in Rumanian Hungary in Slovak border with no more border controls and so on and on the connections to the motherland we're closer again the hunger games are actually given in the question of cost laws giving them the right to vote even in the Hungarian elections which sometimes doesn't go down so well with opposition parties and angry so. I think they're just very active very patchy Arctic some would say very nationalistic in defending their identity you know against the people. Parallels with the people of the peoples of East and Central Europe. Well in the Ukrainian parliament proselytising law didn't say one of these language laws this relates to this story but this is sort of parallel to that story. In Ukraine. A lot of people speak Russian when I've been covering different stories for the b.b.c. Over the years I was surprised you know I imagine this present bill that this conflict in eastern Ukraine it's been going on for so long with so much loss of life were somehow between Ukrainian and Russian speakers in fact when I was there I discovered that a lot of the people fighting against the pro Russians the separatists in eastern Ukraine are actually Russian speakers come so they're actually trying to defend Ukrainian territory even though they feel quite Russian but the that's a sideline really to the story I wanted to mention here which is because so many people speak Russian in Ukraine because Ukraine is now trying to define itself as it were against Russia because of the conflict in Crimea because of the conflict in the east they're really pushing for more people in Ukraine more students pupils in Ukrainian schools and universities to speak Ukrainian rather than Russian So they've just passed or the Ukrainian parliament passed a somewhat draconian language your saying that from now on secondary school level you can everything has to be taught all subjects in Ukrainian this is actually a little effectively aimed at the Russians aimed against the Russians or Russian speakers from within Ukraine the Hunger Games who live again in this group villages and small towns in the very west of the country close to the Hungary and border the most coterminous Qalqilya didn't crane they feel they're up in arms about this because even though the law was affecting the guns Russians it's hitting them very hard they say that their only chance of surviving as a son. Current cultural linguistic group there's only about 150000 of them left in the very western tip of Ukraine their only challenge is to really push their own language and they're happy to teach Ukrainian as a foreign language but of course that goes down very badly here where the politicians have cost push through the snow to collagen Terry and the empties are saying wait a minute we don't want Ukrainian taught as a foreign language in Ukraine that's ridiculous and so. It's you know everyone sort of understands the other point of view but there's genuine history in this too. For it to be a result too easily right. This time of year. In some places men and women like to go out into the hills with guns what are they looking for. Your part of the world in Romania for example well those without guns are probably looking for mushrooms with guns on the ground that remain near its home especially in the higher the in mountains which form a sort of horseshoe shaped mountain range through what many are especially but Ukraine and so that here in that part of Poland as well the hunt is now looking for ground. Remaining has between $6.80 ground as it's the single biggest ground population in Europe and at this time of year normally as you say the hunters are allowed a sort of bounty are allowed to kill between $4.50 a year last year the remaining government finally accepted the argument of the environmentalists of the conservationists saying basically too many bears were being shot this is a treasure that remaining should be preserving Well other than allowing this quite large color to understand each year so they introduced a moratorium last year. What happened this year the quanta few. Attacks no one's actually being killed but quite a few people have been injured quite early Bible says because the bears are coming down to the fringes of the villages even towns going through the rubbish bins for example rather like I dunno foxes in Britain for example and when they come into contact with the cold specially the people don't react in the right way or react in a sort of panicked way or certain ways of dealing calmly with the carnage but people helping getting injured and so the government's now gone back on into its work from last year it's issued licenses now for I think shooting a 150 beds but again this argument is sort of going to and fro between the conservationists and people who see as well as many people see wild animals in any country as a past that should be eradicated or at least kept down. And these these bears whose . Whose number is up have they done anything to warrant this punishment of in it's not like when you take a heard of deer and you and you call the oldest and the weakest and that kind of thing you know it I think it's. I mean one should also understand that the a lot of sheep cribs on call there are a lot of wandering free with a structured through the mountains through the foothills of the mountains and in Transylvania there's not fields enclosures high G.'s as you would have been in British fields for example so the sheep are roaming with one shepherd and a couple of dogs and quite often it seems all along the edges of those flocks bears are picking off the sheep and therefore I mean this is always happened through throughout history and it was used to be seen as part of the danger really rather as I suppose. In farms you know people would expect some of the hens to be taken by foxes and shepherds would be if not armed then they would have some pretty ferocious talks to try and change that is all but I think in this case the bears aren't being blamed and many people who felt that the moratorium was a disaster they feel that their argument has now been proved and that they should get back to the un your color is going to have brown skin with many. Necks are on the ground there isn't the car here in Mountain.