Yes. That's true apart from the B.B.C. News comes from. The poisoning inquiry in Salisbury focuses on a former Russian spies front door and in support Lehman urges a change of philosophy in Australian cricket. This is B.B.C. . Police investigating the poisoning of a former Russian spy and his daughter in Salzburg believe they 1st came into contact with a nerve agent at their home offices say the highest concentration of the chemical has been found on the humble of Sergei scruples for front door our security correspondent is golden. While this is significant it doesn't necessarily tell us who did it it makes it perhaps less likely that the Scriptures came face to face with their attackers those attackers may not have been in the town center but the investigation will now very much focus on that house the forensics around it talking to neighbors seeing if they can work out who might have gone to this house on a quiet cul de sac and administered a military grade nerve agent detectives investigating the Hatton Garden heist 3 years ago have charged a 57 year old man Michael seed who's from north London is accused of conspiracy to burgle and conspiracy to conceal criminal property he'll appear in court later this morning. The just to secretary says he's making significant changes to rules surrounding the parole board following the John Moore boys case causes overturned a decision by the board to free the serial sex offender from prison David Goldhill made peace his scrapping the secrecy rule this will enable us to provide for the parole board to make available summaries of the decisions they make to victims in addition I will bring forward proposals for parole board positions to be challenged through an internal review mechanism where a separate judge or a panel will look again at cases which meet the designated criteria. The National Crime Agency says an 18 year old man's been arrested in whole future on suspicion of sending threatening emails to schools and colleges throughout the U.K. It's believed to be links to a hoax bomb threat that closed hundreds of schools last week the family of one of 3 teenagers killed by a speeding drunk driver in west London in January says justice hasn't been done 28 year old Jay Nash to the summer was given a 13 year sentence after admitting causing the death by dangerous driving of Harry Rice George Wilkinson and George McGuinness and his father is in rice diving 13 years and 6 words of the law for ready 3 boys lives at the start of all their life during the drought started of reasonably well there were 20 years and 6 world stability took a year off or ready ready mitigating circumstances alertly took the 3rd off which reduced to divert insect figures show the number of cars made in the U.K. Has fallen again manufacturing fell by around 4 percent in February compared to the same period last year he's a correspondent there Leggett what this means is that the U.K. Car industry is becoming more and more reliant on export markets 8 out of every 10 cars built in the U.K. Are exported and the S M M's he says that means the need for a final deal which maintains frictionless trade links with the is becoming more and more important. The Nobel Peace Prize winner Malawi use of say has returned to Pakistan for the 1st time since she was shot by the Taliban almost 6 years ago she was targeted when she was 15 because she'd been campaigning for girls' education and it's the news now with this booties don't buy the Australian coach Darren Lehmann has apologized for the ball tampering scandal that has engulfed the sport of cricket you hopes the 3 players involved can be forgiven for what he's called a grave mistake Steve Smith and David Warner have been banned for 12 months with Cameron Bancroft suspended for 9 Cricket Australia's chief James Sutherland insists Lehmann was not aware of the plan to tamper with the ball against South Africa Meanwhile the former Australian International Marcus North has told 5 Live he wouldn't be surprised if David Warner walks away from international cricket. Manchester City's Women else through to the semifinals of the Champions League after defeating linchpin $53.73 on aggregate Chelsea will join them off the front could be scored twice in their $31.00 victory of a month they won $51.00 on aggregate and in the Scottish Premiership some Johnston beat Hamilton Academical Swann nil and though in federal will be given until Friday to prove his fitness for Cyrus and Champions Cup quarter final against lead but believe an opponent has been ruled out of the trip to Dublin the England number 8 has yet to fully recover from a fractured arm this is B.B.C. 5 Live in digital form a smartphone unsober that his days weather now in the mornings looking fine and mostly sunny for many areas of Banda sounds and long spells of rain will move north east across the country some of them have a dry there from as to Scotland temperature is in London 9 degrees Celsius and you have 6 feet exhiliration day means that somehow leads to going On a family in the U.K. On digital and online shopping and we're up all night. For many middle aged men have used to play American football professionally it's almost like Shylock field is their house. Going to take a sudden turn down hill and to chime or some loss of physical control. Will they become moody withdrawn and prone to outbursts of uncontrollable anger against people a lot last year Dr John McHugh Boston University published the results of our study of the brains of 111 deceased American football pros who donated their brains 110 of them showed signs of the violent injury disease C.T.E. Chronic trauma and cephalopods what kind of sport some players dance to one as well as other. All over Britain as 5 past 25 plus 9 just over the Scioto river from a very large penitentiary Chillicothe Ohio under the 2 dozen ass works of my own city lie the remains of ancient peoples whose time will never be up 5 prostate in Council Grove Kansas a century and a half ago was the Western limit of safe territory on the Santa Fe Trail people stopped here to make repairs and say their prayers 5 past 7 at the campground near the top of the book cliffs in the Colorado National Monument everyone so with cameras are just looking at the effect created when the last rays of the sun at the top of the rocks and turn the fire red and $56.00 on Echo Summit nearly 7 and a half 1000 feet up in California Nevada from here it's downhill all the way to Lake Tahoe which catches and refines the blue of the sky our news comes to C.B.S. . C.B.S. News on the hours. On Pam Colter the shake up of the Trump cabinet continues Veterans Affairs Secretary David Shelton is the latest to go through the revolving door presidents room to talk today thank him for his service he had been embroiled in controversy over his travel spending C.B.S. News Correspondent Stephen Porter why has more the president's physician Rear Admiral Bronnie. Jackson is his nominee to lead the massive veterans' health agency with an annual budget of nearly $200000000000.00 Jackson has served his current post for 5 years and treated Barack Obama along with President Trump he gave the current commander in chief a clean bill of health in an exam earlier this year while the White House says pardons are not under consideration at this time the New York Times reports the president's former attorney talked about pardons for Paul Mann afforded Michael Flynn last summer C.B.S. NEWS POLITICAL ANALYST Leonard Steinhorn constitutional scholars are divided on this some say that if it amounts to obstruction of justice that might limit the president's pardon power but others say that the president has broad pardon power as to Pilate in the Constitution and that he would be able to do it authorities in Britain believe a former Russian spy and his daughter were exposed to a military grade nerve agent at their home in Salzburg England the B.B.C.'s Ben Ando the significance of them finding the highest concentration of this nerve agent on the front door of his son not immediately suggests that that could be where the poisoning actually took place and that the pad then went into town and left traces of the nerve agent around them as they moved in House Speaker Paul Ryan's home town . By Wisconsin students went to Janesville to protest gun violence we will fight until the change that is needed occurs it has no child should fear go into school and here in the fire alarm wondering if it is all part of a planned mass murder about 50 students who left Madison on Sunday made the 50 miles more March to Janesville Facebook is scrambling to repair the damage. After the misuse of user data by Cambridge analytic up and it's offering new privacy tools and settings designed to give people more control over their information C.B.S. News technology consultant Larry maggot Facebook said that it's going to greatly simplify privacy controls including consolidating a number of categories of settings into one place instead of scattered to up to 20 different places you have to go now they're also creating a privacy shortcuts menu that will save you the dashboard to find all of your most critical privacy settings stocks continued to move lower today the Dow off 9 points Nasdaq dropped 59 this is C.B.S. News concern about diversity has led to a change in Harvard's official song the song called Fear Harvard used to end with this line. It's vicious decided that referring to the stock of the Puritans tied the school to the rise and fall of racial group ngs a song will now end with the words till the stars in the firmament die a panel of professors and alumni chose the winning replacement Allison Keyes C.B.S. News The man charged with taking items from a memorial to the victims of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting says he took down an anti gun sign because he's pro-gun a Broward County sheriff's deputy says he saw 37 year old William Kennedy and 40 year old care O'Neill taking 3 teddy bears a trophy framed poems and American flags on Sunday night Pam Colter C.B.S. News. Well the question might be why did Kim Jong un go and has big green train to meet China's premier she Jinping in Beijing a few days ago now we know it that's all out in the open but the question remains present Trump tweeted 1st of all taking palace some of the credit for years and through many administrations everyone said that peace in the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula wasn't even a small possibility now tweeted the president there is a good chance Kim Jong un will do what is right for his people and for humanity look forward to meeting and later the president tweeted from where he said he received a message from Xi Jinping that his meeting with Kim Jong un went very well in the meantime said the president maximum sanctions and pressure must be maintained at all cost screamer not John Park instructor of the Korean Working Group at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government told Dr Park Hello Well there it is isn't that the question is. Who instigated this visit do you think from North Korea to Beijing Well we're piecing together the reports coming out from the Chinese side and there was an official invitation extended by season ping to Kim Jong un I think we have to take a step back and also look at it in terms of the context of the relationship between the Workers' Party of Korea and the Communist Party of China so this party to party channel has a long history and I think there's a key element in terms of that long history as well in terms of what just took place so tell us a little bit more about that because relations strained China and North Korea weren't always that wonderful where they were not great for the last couple of years. There was that tension clearly North Korea under Kim Jonah and with this incredible activity on the blysse missile development front and nuclear weapons testing that created that tension not only with the Chinese leadership but with regional countries in the United States as well but with respect to the party to party relationship there isn't a key element a key historical event in 1902 the Chinese leadership made a conscious decision to normalize relations with South Korea and that was critically important to France one was to get South Korean help in terms of economic credits and other ready efforts to help China with their style the economic reforms and also in terms of the political imagery South Korea helped China get the Asian Games at the time an important element of rehabilitating China's image that was a calculated decision China knew they would be burning bridges with the North Koreans so we are we see almost this last decade in high level party to party relations between the Chinese and North Koreans starting from the early 1990 S. All the way up until the early 2000 now then the final point I mentioned on this area is that the decade there we saw the North Koreans start to put a lot of emphasis on cranking out plutonium at their younger nuclear reactor we also saw the 2nd half of the 1990 S. With natural disasters a great famine that led 270-000-2200 W2W I should say North Koreans perishing in the Great Famine So this was a period where the Chinese have tried to rebuild this relationship and I think in many respects what we saw just this past few days is a Chinese effort to get back on track with this effort of rebuilding that party to party relationship. In the past of course a succession of U.S. Administrations believed that pressure on China to put pressure on North Korea over its nuclear program was the way to go and then Mr Trump seemed to cut a cut a swathe through all that just going directly to North Korea through South Korea for if anything it's China trying to reassert itself where you know where does it sit now in the in the in the scheme of things is it still North Korea's closest friend and most likely to actually move things on. Well one way to look at it is through the lens of the game plans that the respective countries have and he's game plans do have a name in the case of President Trump the maximum pressure game plan that we've heard about and a core element there is economic pressure the economic sanctions from the Chinese side I think one way to view what they've been trying to do in terms of this longer term process of trying to rebuild their party to party relationship it looks like Beijing sunshine policy with Chinese characteristics and that's a reference to the Sunshine Policy of the progressive governments in South Korea to thousands an effort to use economic inducements and economic projects to get North Korea way from nuclear weapons development and more of this peaceful coexistence and focusing on trade and development so Beijing sunshine policy right now if you look at it this is something that when you view the North Korean regime and the elites the one percent a large number of them have migrated into the Chinese marketplace and the activities that they do in the Chinese market place gives them a certain type of inoculation against sanctions so this is a part that I think we are now seeing the Chinese efforts to put this North Korean nuclear challenge in the context of a process that essentially And in practice buys time for the North Korean regime maximum pressure is really designed to take that time away from the North Korean regime so we have this tension between the game plans from Beijing as well as Washington how that gap is managed is a big question mark. And both sides are talking about denuclearize ation that were already even appears is that are we are we making too much of that we were wrong to think that that's a real game changer. Well the statements that Kim Jong un is attributed to made are encouraging but if you look at the details of it you know cries ation there is a part of an aspirational goal something that he would like to work towards but he's also at a conditionality to it North Korea's security would have to be carrying Tede and threats posed against North Korea would have to be removed and so those are huge very high bars and so while North Korea is talking about the integration the conditions attached to that I think remain elusive for the time being and Mr Kemp rarely I think goes with I asking for something mighty of China for does he need food his people need economic help at the moment that's a big part of this transaction what what did each side give to the other for this meeting to happen the Chinese frame this as an unofficial meeting but it definitely did not look like one it was the quintessential rolling out of the red carpet very high level party officials on both sides meeting in a number of different ceremonial settings but with respect to the sanctions piece of it China has committed and has been maintaining something called the SEC total ban they have not been purchasing North Korean coal in the air and it errants to U.N. Security Council resolutions but they've also are critical the flow significantly of oil into North Korea so a bit of relief on those 2 fronts particularly the oil I think is a big priority for the North Korean regime and certainly we will be trying to piece together what if that in fact was a big element of this type of transaction talked on part let's leave it there thank you very much indeed my pleasure thank you for that so that's how it looks from the. International side hugs from the Chinese side on Tuesday leave the top 10 block towns on Weibull where Kim Jong Il in North Korea and sassy the 3rd which we are told by our next guest is a popular Chinese nickname for Kim we're joined by wash and push Beijing correspondent Emma later Hala hello Emily Hello hello good good to be with us. A lot of what's been said that would sound quite quite positive do you know what China has given North Korea and this latest sort of transaction. Well I don't know what they've given them in terms of concrete you know the demands on terms of a boy or a boiler call but what we do know is that they've given and can go earn a great publicity opportunity he got the chance to come to Beijing to look like a diplomat to present himself on the world stage to shake hands of one of the most powerful leaders in the world and that you know at least in the short term but still has legitimacy as to what what the deal cut behind the scene was that's not clear yet from either side did the Chinese here very much about the specific mean we obviously have been seeing the pictures of the green train and the limousine but the door in a Chinese people actually learn that it was happening. Is going to put a lot of speculation as to. That I can monday trainspotters in northern China I noticed a train delays across the northeast people started to take security in Bandung So there were rumors circulating online but it's it's early forays into that this sort of mainstream until there's officially announced. So a lot of speculation but the official view of this visit is going to be what Sheen was and the other party controlled media put out after Kim Jong un had in fact tried passed back towards the border. We got a lot of that last night. Would dispute China in the driving seat again I suppose that's the question isn't. Well I think that was their goal and how it played there remains to be seen but you know all this sort of tweeting back and forth between President Trump and exchanging insults with Korean North Korean state media here was really sort of done in the spotlight. Shopping really want to cast himself as one of the most powerful statesmen in the world he wants to be at the heart of regional fairness into tickler he wants to be managing affairs and Asia and I think this this meeting was in part an answer for him to a certain cells in that way and to remind the president trying to remind us all to remind North Koreans that he's really sort of a gatekeeper busy in these negotiations over the long term in the video that she and wopper talk we see very clearly the Chinese leader talking Kim Jong un right appearing to right does everything he said rather looks as if he's telling him what to do next. Right is really interesting to look at the difference and how is this with gauged by the Chinese party controlled press and then by North Korea's own press that the Chinese pictures the very much D.C. Is state and welcoming a young a younger less experienced yes or a far it's sort of stage to look like a teacher and a pupil which is sort of a very very classic historical staging from a Chinese perspective in the North Korean press. This lady with slightly different greasy care receiving a warm reception toasting Xi Jinping. I think that Giffords is quite striking and revealing and Lee thanks very much thank you and I are all Hala writes for The Washington Post correspondent. Well in the night sky this week fewer big planets because as you might have noticed the nights are getting lighter but our contributor this week J.P. Morgan from the JOD cost podcast from George Will by University of Manchester say Observatory. Is a European project which won't get off the grow didn't physically speaking until 2028. Tell me more about it this is the aerial satellite which is now slated for launch some time in 2028 and this is an exciting project for me personally as well as for U.K. Science as a whole because I'm actually involved in studying X. Apparently physics that's where I J And my Ph D. Studies at the University of Manchester actually studying these planets by transmission spectroscopy and that's exactly what this aerial satellite is going to do for us. And where is he going to go I mean is that it's a satellite so I guess it's in high orbit around the Athens and as far as I understand it this is going to go out. So this is one of the local raunch points so if you consider 2 bodies so we have the earth in the sum that both have mass the gravitational interact with each other then the classic 2 body problem and if you solve the set of equations associated with those you recover a number of points such that if you place a 3rd smaller mass those points such as a satellite it will then remain stable at that point as the 2 large bodies interact with each other you know let's be exact I think course the exact force on the smaller objects of the keep it roughly stable Yes so I know ph placed our Delta will remain in roughly the same kind of place which makes it very handy for parking spots like that. That's that's a fine idea so this thing the aerial mission and the minute stands for something started in the atmosphere remote sensing infrared exoplanet large survey is very I would looking is it looking beyond the solar system. Yes so this will be looking well beyond our solar system although I can't tell you exactly where at this point because the targets that this satellite is going to be looking at have yet to be selected so now that the satellite selfish been selected for launch by ISA what the design station go forward and as we can start looking at what kind of planets this motel get and it's well I actually have a bit of insider knowledge about this because this last week on I was at the Annual you try except Lance meeting 28 in Oxford as one of the keynote speakers that was Professor Giovanni of U.C.L. Who is P.R.I. Of Ariel So she is the woman heading up the U.K.'s involvement in this project so this this satellite is very much a baby in a lot of ways she's been working on it for the better part 10 years now and it looks set to finally come to fruition so as you can imagine there was a lot of happy people at the conference you know it just lets you see how very long you have to think as a scientist because if she's been thinking about it for 10 years and it's now been set for launch date of some time and 2028 well there's a 20 year to station for this provision mazing based projects do often take a long time to come to fruition Well suppose we woke up in the in the sky. We're looking with the naked eye fossils who are working for planets and things right Bill to see what can we see this week. Well this time of year from the U.K. Is unfortunately not the best time to see planets from the little chain around I've been doing so let's take Jupiter for example I mean I've done some amateur astronomy my time as well or have a 5 inch telescope with me and so Jupiter is normally a good saw that go for in the winter months but at present it's currently not favorable to observe it remains bright it's a bright target unfortunately for people with small telescopes Jupiter is currently sitting quite low in the sky gets to a maximum elevation of about 22 degrees and as a consequence of that observers are going to have to look through quite a lot of atmosphere to be able to see it as an els say there's an interesting conjunction coming up at the moment as well we have Mars and Saturn rising together this week so that's a about 3 am to you you have to stay up to watch that but beyond seeing them rising together they don't reach their peak elevation for observing until 7 am in the morning by which time the sun is up one planet does remain good for us at the end of March is Venus which should still be visible as a bright evening objects I think it's about my nature minus 3 a bit brighter than that and if you're looking to see that that is going to be visible low in the West after about 7 pm So this will be after the sun is set and Venus itself will set about an hour to 90 minutes after that has happened. Well it will chat about the plight of these. Remain visible and are quite fun to see because there's a lot of them. So yes so the parties are one of my favorite astronomical objects to see through a small telescope for that very reason and that you can see a lot of them and said these are an interesting object for testing purposes boastful naked eye but 1st just to look up and see how many you can see in the sky you can use that to gauge Well if your eyesight and the quality of the site that you're observing from and so from a dark site with good eyes you should be able to see all 7 all of the 7 sisters although I am fully myself I've never been able to do this the most I've seen is 6 and so if you're looking at this through a small telescope My advice to you is to use a low magnification I pace such that your field of view is that maximized and so you can fit as many stars as possible in the field if you you should be able to see dozens has a bargain with some advice on the Sky gazing there and it's half past 2 form digits a long line smartphones and tablets this is B.B.C. 5 Live believes the news comes from Allison Hugh a former Russian spy and his daughter a likely to have come into contact with a nerve agent at home according to police investigating the poisoning in cells very tests reveal the highest concentration of the chemical was found on the front door of Sygate scruples house detectives investigating the 2015 Hatton Garden burglary have charged a man Michael seed who's $57.00 was arrested in his Linked In on Tuesday morning he's due before Westminster magistrates later the National Crime Agency says an 18 year old man's been arrested in health on suspicion of sending threatening e-mails to schools and colleges throughout the U.K. It's believed to be linked to a hoax bomb threat that closed hundreds of schools last week. The group representing hospitals and other N.H.S. Trusts in England says standards of patient care will continue to fall below acceptable standards over the next year and it is providers says through shortages of Benson staff are continuing now as the news headlines now this booties dumbass by the Australian head coach Darren Lehmann says the team needs to change its philosophies to win back the respect of their fans Captain Steve Smith and vice captain David Warner have been banned for a year for their part in the Bowl champion scandal against South Africa Cameron Bancroft has got a 9 month ban limit has kept his job after being cleared of any wrongdoing and after apologizing he was keen to remind everyone that there are no winners in this scandal I worry about the $3.00 immensely we will love all their powers and they're going through a really tough tore a lot of things being said about myself and my family which is. Expected in in the storm so. It's been really tough for everyone like everyone involved including fans and people back on around the world Meanwhile a former Australian International Marcus North has told 5 Live he wouldn't be surprised if David Warner chooses to walk away from international cricket when his ban is over. It was an historic night in the Champions League for England's women Manchester City are through to the semifinals after their defeat of linchpin $53.73 on aggregate and Chelsea will join them after Fran Kirby scored twice in their 31 victory over Mom Pelley A winning 51 on aggregate Robin Cowan saw that game and historic night for Chelsea as they sealed the 1st ever Champions League semifinal and continue their progression to becoming one of Europe's elite leading 2 nil for the 1st leg the talismanic Brian Kirby struck inside the 1st 4 minutes to settle any nerves former Chelsea forward Sofia Yacob city equalize spectacularly with a scooped finish 10 minutes before half time to give more telly a some hope but 5 minutes off the restart Chelsea restored their advantage Ramona Bachmann with a compose Seifert it fish Kirby's late penalty make sure of the picture to set up a law school tie kaj German heavyweights Wolfsburg the side of not shall see out of the previous 2 campaigns this will be the true test of just how far of a haze a side have come in the women Super League their wins for Birmingham and reading Sunderland the Everton Drew won all and in the Scottish Premiership St Johnstone beat Hamilton Academical as one nail the F.A.'s head of a women's football barren Asuka Campbell says England will enter the running to host the women's European Championship in 2021 they'll be up against Austria and hungry she's also very confident they'll be a women's team G.B. Football side in the Olympics at Tokyo we're a good place really good place we've worked with the home countries and they are really supportive as long as their individual players get the opportunity to be part of a and we're going to make sure that through the way we scout the whole of the G.B. We give any player with an aspiration chance to do so elsewhere the England number 8 believe in a poll isn't ready to return from a broken arm in time for Sunday's Champions Cup quarter final against lengths to the head coach of Saracens Mark McCaw says they'll have to be careful with him yeah you can imagine a fetus we've never seen him which is mixed. Straining for belief he said I really straining season but very very close to coming back on not quite ready and simple little press to take a risk this points important up until it comes back he's back with McCall added chances are only 5050 and that's the very latest from B.B.C. Sport. If we. 5. 6. Our next guest Karrie Webb Maher was a linebacker for the New York Giants of the American Football team for 8 seasons between 19021999 in that time he played in 114 games and then Montana here is particularly on and he was Big Sky defensive M.V.P. Most Valuable Player in 1990 he was all America in 1991 and he was offered a place the Shia and the Montana Hall of Fame but he declined because he is worried that his condition which has called C.T.E. a Degenerative brain disease. Is. A sign of a very very difficult career and which he had numerous concussions on the field and he's with us now. Corey very nice to have you with us. Well thanks for having me on Ron really. Know we would have been lost if you had said OK To the month Adalah fate. I think of would have been giving the impression you know that football especially for the younger kids to kind of anyway the players on T.V. That you know if a local kid can make it to the N.F.L. You know they can do it which is true but I don't want to give them a false impression about the safety especially for younger kids and for that I really distance myself from anything associated with football especially when did you stop playing. My last game was in 2000 and. It was really at that point I just kind of stepped away and shortly thereafter I started to realize the players you know retired were struggling to kind of integrate that into society. A lot of difficulties with divorce drug use styles of abuse. A lot of antisocial behavior at the time nobody really knew but a lot of these players were stemming from. Concussion and the micro concussion environment. Would you say that you had a concussion regularly when you were playing. This is what the new evidence is showing. A major concussion to the horrible very treacherous 6 artifacts but there were micro concussion helmet helmet contact the top necessarily resulted in conscious. Results from a concussion like I had $98.00 where I was I was a response of 1st event that's why major concussion but it says repeat the on the brain that the scientists are discovering can be just as detrimental as having a single major concussion can you tell us from your memory it was like that major concussion when your eyes for several months. It was it was horrible. I remembered you know what stop the game you know there's a 1000 people in Giants Stadium and everything for watching. I just I just love the way they're for Actually we just want to taken from panic of trying to wake me out of our fire which I realized. Carol not to show so it's a sideline the inside of. US really after that I was just. You know. I just had this feeling just being angry you know the mood was. Doing some control while I was heading out for special you know the people were trying to help me or just it just sort of meaning. That that affects your home life is destroyed and you know my girlfriend and we are living together for quite a while the trial of the shoes won and. It just. It changed my attitude about everything and the truth of the world. Which is to relieve these weird feelings and at the time you know this is still in the ninety's early 2000 and nobody really discovered Ficci you know they didn't even know that word can. It was a chronic traumatic and satellite us now is Dr Pettit a Lawlor who discovered me actually made a movie concussion story Will Smith for training Dr venom all in his particular story to bring this. Really was a lucid. Disease and it really brought it to all the scientists and allowed into the story and there was this really horrifying Onyx study from Dr Ron McKeon Boston last year and and sealing the brains of 111 former N.F.L. Players which had been a thread and she said that 110 of them had traces of C.T.E. When you had that what did you think. It scared me. Because now I'm in a position how do I exclude myself from basically 100 percent. You know entering a race you know how can I say that you know it's not going to hurt me or affect me and it really has. Really pushed away all my friends and family I really don't put myself out there in society because you know these injuries affect us differently. You know people have violent behavior they might have. Kind of attention deficit type of behavior mood swings that you just don't know what's going to happen Campbell a drug abuse the list is almost unlimited when you think about the human emotion and health concussion can really a chef a person individual. There's such a spotlight on the snow car you have people approached you to join some of these X. Players organizations which focus on this I'll be honest Roger timing is absolutely perfect. Just this morning all of the cheesy. The owners for the N.F.L. The National Football League the American Football Association and the coaches and the referees of all them getting together and really trying to improve the sport they want to make it safer so what they're doing is they're increasing the penalties. Either kill decision. Action and monetary fines for people who are really using the helmet to helmet contract. As part of a tackle that they're really trying to eliminate and it's great you know my hat's off to Roger Goodell for really being on top of it really trying to really make the sport safer not just for the professionals so intelligent players. He's a treasure here. So that that was created in the head of it all happening this morning and to be able to talk to. You know in this overseas market it's it's it's nothing short of being amazing for me. Are you are you at the stage where you can you know go out to a school and actually advise kids not to take food. But I have thought about you because it's all going to be addressed as long as people talk about it. And that was my my emphasis when I made that article you know I withdrew my name from a long terrible false trail was to create a dialogue with parents to be more more informed. Than the United States we have usually called a really major 5th graders 9th graders. And I believe that you know the body just has not grown on the brain has not. Reached its full growth of potential. And these kids are. Knocking your brains around a little bit on their super young and and they're fighting with these injuries they're not just short term injuries these are life injuries that. Quite honestly a lot of my friends in committed suicide. And that are really drawing down a. Different wasn't for the concussions you know they would need one year I mean user is a wonderful beautiful human beings. Are really living a nightmare in the way of color are you getting any kind of set of you getting any sort of help for this this is the big problem is there's no cure or for the city for American stuff was so what happens is the least for this was discovered players for you know self medicating or you know a doctor was getting their man started psychotic drugs or something that was basically just masking a problem that can't be. There and. Solar. Which you do in Jakarta don't check this kind of part of what I do is I had to push my friends away a little for myself out there and then have an episode where I might just turn it was my composure and. Taking a life after you know personally and. You know create a situation so I avoid a situation where a lot of players are doing their you know the virus are just right a tractor around the earth for us to realize just or they don't have any variance of size So how do you feel your time I'm sorry. How do you occupy yourself. Well you know the difficulty that I was having you know as you know I had to work after football and having a full time job was difficult as a set every day focus I just didn't have it so I do now run as I just had my real estate I can work on it was a carpenter plumber Aleck Trisha. And doing actual work around my new story you know. I also have a day that just just not to work out I just all I don't paint the house or the stalls or where. So these are trying to you know ways that players will try to deal with the injury kind of what I do and you know airily are we to compliment the N.F.L. Owners for for taking on in this it's on on tainting the rules on the helmet to helmet contact but have the N.F.L. Reached out to you I mean they must know that you. You know you gave this big interview in Montana. It's known that you know when that you believe that you're suffering from C.T.E. What do the N.F.L. Do for you. That's a big one. You know there was a huge litigation. Several years ago and put some money aside. I'm currently in any litigation with and. It's frustrating to be honest with you are going to an article for a lot of the players get in on. But I think the N.F.L. Is just they're just trying to kind of grasp the full spectrum of what's happening and ready my attention it really wasn't of the scorched earth type. Of football the other who just wanted to build a dialogue about this more understand the severity of. The leaves you know on adults. That isn't all have all the information all the information and they can make a decision you know it's their right. You know if they want to engage in you know kind of the dangers are keepers and foreign my emphasis is really for the little kids you know will shift careers 9th graders. You know they really don't have a lot of life experiences so they just want to act like with their T.V. That's. You know the uniform in the. Most equate of the helmet is kind of like a magic Chalmette because you know kids feel like they can run into a wall and market her as not. To have kids of your own you know no that's that's been one of the consequences that I still suffer through all their lives because. It's really made it difficult for me and relationships because I just my biggest fear or mother's tears is. The trouble with it is my truth is my controls for somebody who are most in the world. They're my girlfriend with their lives with play football we're still in charge but we've talked about this very far as. It could be related to. Divorce rates in the N.F.L. Are absolutely incredible and I say I will then have statistics you know had gone forward in the area my girlfriend. I just knew something was wrong especially a couple years after so fall I again city had been destroyed I had said I was Carol calling at carousel Central where players are and such difficulty with their families and their social lives after football Korey the in amazingly fun and forthcoming and I'm sure everybody would join me in wishing you the very best please don't stop talking about this alone or Charlie or this opportunity is absolutely amazing I'm just. Trying you want to call me and use me as a resource if your people call and have questions about you know somebody that has you know it's kind of that that saying about the carrion the coal mine the cherry color as. You know people want to know why. Don't hesitate you know reach out be happy to answer a question. Thank you so very much both face for Arthur really enjoy thank you of like. Well with what we might we might put up on the 5 live Web site who knows but for the time being let's turn our attentions to the world of science and some of the things which have captured the attention of the anchor the greedy the sweet little Bianca and I realize. Well. Charitable donation is your agenda. Why are you feeling particularly generous. Well where. Someone was watching me I might so this particular piece of research is looking at whether we're more charitable if other people see it doing it and it turns out that we do actually like to be seen doing good and that makes us do more good which I guess shouldn't come as a surprise but it is actually an area of controversy one might say this is around this notion of altruism So this is doing things that benefit others but at a cost to ourselves and there's a lot of study of this in the wild So for example there's a species of bird in Australia called it and they're often young female effectively. Give up the idea of having their own family and instead they'll help to raise the nation's nephews and so in that situation it's all tourism benefits they genetic family but why do we give to charity for example because it's a cost to ourselves but there's no direct benefit to our tragedy tick line I guess and one of the ideas is that either that donating to charity makes us Sexy that it makes us more appealing to potential mates and it also makes us potentially makes us more likely to be on the receiving end of charity in the future if we fall on hard times but for either of these 2 to work we need to be saying doing as and so this there needs to be what scientists call observability But there's actually in the studies that have been some done so far this kind of mixed evidence about whether this observability does actually impact what's called pro-social behavior so that's voluntary behavior that helps others or help society and so a group of researchers decided to do what's called a metal Mehta analysis we get all of the studies that have been done in this area kind of dump all. The data into our file and then you analyze the data as a whole and they did find that there is a small but significant relationship between observability and pro-social which means that essentially the more likely we are to be saying doing a good thing now we more likely to do that good thing and now this actually has some really interesting implications for charities because if you if we are more likely to donate money if we know that other people will know that we've done a good money then this should actually be considered in fund raising strategies which is you need to make your donors visible and one really interesting example of this is the ice bucket challenge to remember the one that really hit the headlines I think was last year. Yes So in this case individuals are actually nominated publicly on social media so there's no escaping this and they had to make a decision with a consequence which is not only to have a bucket of cold water appended on your head but they also had to do that money and some people didn't do it was kind of obvious but it was a very visible program and it was incredibly successful I mean I think every charity would love for a campaign to go that viral and another example of this actually is around people reusing towels in hotels and you know there's always those signs in a hotel as his plays really use your town hang them up or use them because it saves X. Amount of water and you know this much chemicals and things. As a study that found that if that sign actually said something like 80 percent of guests who stayed in this room reused it tells them people are actually more likely to reuse the towels and if the sign just tries to appeal to your environmental conscience because even though it doesn't make as visible as that motion that oh everybody else is doing it and if I don't do it I'm going to be in that that group that you know that has done that and it's going to be known so it's and this could also work for other things like increasing voter turnout for donating blood through volunteering picking up rubbish all of these things anything where we think we're going to be seen doing good women. Likely to do good which means that maybe we're not so altruistic After all we still going on it's not really interesting and of course got great implications for the web because I was from enough I was on a website today a charter website which offers you the opportunity to have your name listed them because I was behere the nation in the name of somebody else I said yes but they are there you have it really don't you people maybe people respond to the side that they can get some kind of almost synonymous fame up there you know with a group of people leave they don't know and they never will exactly and there's a lot of a lot of these fund raising sites on the web do actually yeah you do list the down his name a narrow mountain you get you know if you give more or if you're someone who shares that particular donation request a lot then you get high visibility so yeah I think is that there's obviously people who work this out that visit really really counts I mean makes me wonder about the sort of I don't know a column in the U.K. We call them charity muggers here on the streets where I am the kind of call you want to corner and say please don't I mean that's very visible so maybe that's maybe it does work even though I always kind of steer clear of them as much as possible sidestep quite. A lovely story about the way that our brains work when we go to a concert. Absolutely and this ties in with with your really I guess to some degree about you know we are still there's so much that we do not know about our brains and how they work and what goes wrong with them but in this case it is the slightly a happy a scenario which is trying to understand what happens to our brain waves when not only when we look at watching live music but when we're launching watching live music together with a whole pile of other people because there is think something special about being at a music concert and grooving or headbanging old for tapping a whatever it is that you happen to be doing this there's a sense of camera in his or there's a feel good notes to it and and some researchers wanted to actually understand what was going on here because they felt that it's not only about the live performance it's also about the being with other people and so they used a technique called Electro and catalog philosophy which I always get wrong which is basically recording brain wise you just stick little electrodes all over the surface of the head in your face and they had 3 parts to the study so in one group of 20 people they were watching in the audience at a live music geek and a crowd of about 80 people so maybe a small pub gig and then the 2nd part of the study they were recording the brainwaves of 20 people in the same sized crowd but who were watching a recording of the concert so it wasn't live and in the 3rd part of the study was measuring brain waves from 20 people watching a recorded musical performance but in pairs so they were paired watch the recording but they went even sitting to get a sound pretty much watching at a line and so they were changing from live to recorded but also changing from being in a group to being by a self and what they found was that the brain waves at the kind of frequency brain waves that are associated with feeling and moving along to a musical beat We're much more synchronized between the audience members when they're watching the live performance together compared to when they're watching a recording and so what this. Say they found was that they in fact that they Brian ways were synchronized meant that they actually felt more connected not only to the performers and to the music but they also felt more connected to about what he and smell but is so there's actually a feel good factor in this notion of being together and engaging in a musical a live musical performance together that you simply don't get if you're sitting there listening to something by yourself or even if you're sitting and listening to something that's recorded that's not not in a live setting so it's interesting how brains it's almost like a trying to bring us together and make us oldest will just get along if it sounds terribly hippy but I'll go with it or so it's all right but you're a road the person next year approaches it because you're already sure all of the side. Absolutely thank you very much great story thanks Ron. Clark for the B.B.C. News comes from Kevin McBride in the main.