This of this coming next though on b.b.c. Radio lades Paul 2nd 2nd weeks' holiday we go Keeley Donovan in the chair it's the weather show with next on b.b.c. Radio live. On radio on. Your station for Yorkshire. B.b.c. Radio. Midday b.b.c. News and sports from David trout Good afternoon Leeds box and Adam says she wants to inspire more children to get involved in sports after making history by winning a 2nd big boxing title Adams unanimous points decision win in the flyweight final makes her the 1st British boxer to retain an Olympic title for 92 years still that will be amazing to be able to make history again I am now officially the must accomplish our victory boxing we've had the ball times I'm really really happy and I just like to thank all my supporters my mom my brother everybody has been absolutely amazing through these games thank you but also at the Olympics Mo Farah became Britain's most successful Olympic track and field athletes of all time he's won his 4th gold medal and dedicated the win to his 4 children if you dream of something and you have patients and you willing to work hard you can achieve your dreams is something you know up in Grafton or working out for years and years that's what got me there you know I don't see my kids all the time and are never going to catch up the time I miss but at the same time if I can achieve something in my career it's something for them and that's what drives me Officials in Turkey say a suspected suicide bombing at a wedding has killed at least 50 people he's deputy prime minister said it was a barbaric attack in the city of Ghazi on tech near the border with Syria there's been a. Fatality in stormy weather off our beaches a woman who was rescued from the water of green island in Jersey has died a man who died after being swept out to sea a 5th beach on the northwest coast of Coolmore has been named as Rudy Bruni Yes the music mogul Lou Perlman has died in prison in the United States he was 62 Perlman launched the careers of the boy bands the Backstreet Boys and n. Sync he was in prison serving a 25 year sentence for fraud the environment agency started work to clear gravel from river beds in West Yorkshire it's to help cut the risk of flooding in and around Bradford in Keathley as Michael Henderson reports this is costing 800000 pounds the Environment Agency is having to clear large amounts of gravel and silt from the bottom of the air in the worth that was carried along by the large amounts of water during the Christmas floods they're working at 10 sites along the rivers there in places including Kirk still being Lee and constantly officials say since Christmas they've carried out thousands of inspections and made crucial repairs a ceremony is taking place this lunchtime to remember 40 people killed in an explosion at the low more munitions factory in Bradford 100 years ago today Nick Morris explains it's thought the explosions were caused by pure Rick acid which was being used to make munitions wartime secrecy meant the disaster went largely unreported among those who died were 6 firefighters from Bradford today a memorial to them will be rededicated of Fire Service headquarters in Burkinshaw on to sport now and in today's Rugby League action Ben Harrison could make his Wakefield Trinity debut as they go to witness in the Super League in the qualifiers Huddersfield Giants take on the Buckley Bulldogs and Featherston host also today Bradford to home to Oldham and Halifax are up against Jews bring in the Championship shield and in rugby union Alex Davies will captain you should Carnegie in their pre-season friendly a Premiership side wasps. Maybe you see where. We're going to live for the afternoon his happy if you continue to see plenty of fine dry and bright weather across West Yorkshire this afternoon these are fresh westerly winds will start to feel nice and warm in the sun with highs of around 20 degrees Celsius about 68 in foreign Heights overnight will see clouds thick in the head of a band of patchy very moving up towards the northeast and it will be quite mild and the temperatures only way to do things around 16 degrees Celsius which is 61 in Fahrenheit c.b.c. News it's 4 minutes past 12. Hello and welcome to the Paul Hudson where the show I'm keenly Donovan sitting in for Paul for the 2nd week while he enjoys his some holidays and I've got a lovely show featured a I'll be combining 2 of the loves of my life one is the weather of course and here's a clue to the other. Years are we talking about caps and the weather including some fascinating folklore the annual reports on the weather around the globe is out and it's official last year it was the warmest on record I'll be speaking to Kate Willett from the matts office and in the week where Professor Brian Cox got into a spat with an astray and politician about climate skeptics I'll be talking to a man from Leeds who's studying how the Amazon Rain forests affect climate change the absolute absolute consensus is the human action is leading to an increase in average temperatures absolute consensus Brian Cox defiant and passionate there on a stray in television also on the show today I'll be meeting one of the authors of a study into sunshine and how our bodies make that to Mindy and of course I'll be chatting to our early bird weather watcher Fiona from Lincolnshire That's all coming up on this week's where the show with me Donovan. Where the show with Kaylee don't have a. And it's also great music for you too including hot chocolate Blondie and Alison Moyet let's start with the Jackson 1978 and blame it on the Big 8. And. Just enjoy. This. Just. Let's get drunk I just can't just. Keep going to. Go. I. Don't mean that I. Don't. Mean. That. It. Was. Done. It's. Just that. It's. The Jackson who sadly we don't the building now how to cast react to changes in the weather and can they even forecast certain conditions certainly a life on the ocean wipe would not be complete without a feline person to Matthew branch about from Parkinson will be with me in just a few minutes time to check through some of the realities folklore about counts and their instincts about the weather 1st my turn to put on the spot with your major logical Quest. And this one is from Maureen from Grimsby and I've actually got 90 more in from Brazil so let's let's just see if it's her more in from grin and the question I would like to work why does the weather change so quickly from one day so cold but not my Auntie Maureen But yeah devil it on my own 03 now a very tricky question though more in this probably quite a few ways we could answer this but I suppose we probably also focus on the fact that we're looking at the weather being changeable from one day to the next and we do have a very changeable Whether it's very changeable climate in the u.k. Opposed to somewhere on the continent where the climate is a lot more stable or weather throughout the year can be very changeable throughout one day or even you know even within an hour or 2 we can get you know huge variety in weather and our climate is very unique in that changeability not just because of its location Firstly we're an island so we've got a warm body of water to the west we've got a cold body of water to the north and we've got either a very cold all very warm landmass to the east and also a very cold or very warm to the south so a subtle change in wind direction really does change a the type of there that we're receiving and also that end the kind of weather that will receive Of course the kind of temperatures well now weather typically comes from the west and steered by the jet stream of course the jet stream self is the meeting between warm air to the south and cold air to the north so and most the wind direction the 2 of the major factors in temperatures but we've also got kind of smaller things kind of more local things like cloud cover proximity to the sea and small scale wind system so it's a really tricky question because temperature can be attributed to so many factors but our position and the fact that it's so changeable does make the u.k. One of the most difficult places to forecast for if you think about you know a large land mass like the u.s. Or York and actually over that land mass it's much easier to apply the laws of physics to a situation when you don't add water. Into the equation as soon as you add water the ocean in there is a whole new ball game and it does change so quickly in the u.k. They're saying the 4 seasons in one day really is reality we can go from a frost in the morning to 20 degrees throughout the day we can have a thunderstorm and a gale by evening so you know it is very changeable and it is very difficult for us but also makes it very interesting as well so if you go to where the question you can tweet me at Kelly Donovan or you can write to the pool had some where the show b.b.c. Broadcasting Center to St Peter's Square leads ls 98 i hate each and you can e-mail the show this is how you do ask e-mail whether the show actually be seen code or you know. This is the Paul Hudson where the show with me Kelly Donovan Coming up what a lack of rain in the Amazon rain forest tells us about carbon capture and how our bodies make the sunshine vitamin it's Mindy now being a couple of I thought I knew well quite a lot about our feline friends but when I started looking at the connection between cats and weather I found out some fascinating facts that I've never heard before could a cancer running its poor repeatedly over its little face be a sign of a storm approaching 17th century sailors would have cats on board ship not just for writing they actually believed that the cats could forecast the weather to now if this is true this could come in handy for May So just how useful are our little balls of fluff when it comes to an indication of the different weather conditions let's speak to Matthew brush and Matthew is about based in given Dale near pockets in the afternoon months the moon and now I'm going to get limited time because a lot of limited time because I've got so many cut related questions like it's about right. Or now I obviously think the cuts are very intelligent creatures but can they really forecast the weather they. Have annoyed. Her. Very good on sensitive I'm on barometric pressure Ok And so like everybody who has cats knows full well that my cat doesn't even bother moving from the airing cupboard it is bad weather outside whereas it takes the dog again stick its nose out the door and realize it's driving rain because of course when a storm is approaching barometric pressure goes down and using the cat can have some kind of sensitivity to the steering They must have they must have because my cat knows what's going on it's not just a case of them being scared and running off to the many of the cars because I've heard the rain a lightning all listened think so either things I think I think we can all tell when it's a happy day can't you know I know you guys a great job but one can't tell when it's a heavy stormy day even when it's not raining all being a storm and you think it's because Kansas I sense to me live also been linked to things like you know see ghosts and things like you can take on a 6th sense yes I think they have because they also have a habit of coming to you when you're feeling down. And there's no doubt they seem to get on fine my children when they when they're feeling fed up and on happy they are always there when you want them and other pretty selfish creatures as well well some people would say that wouldn't I mean I quite like the Leaf most of the Pussycat I'm highlight the business of a particular I have say are the worlds of business 15 years old. But yes now I like the business and the independence of it and you know you don't have to do very much and he just turns up really and what about the historical tales of the being being taken on board ship I mean I'd catch for the jump off the side. Yes one would think that they're going credibly good sense of balance so that that is unlikely to happen but it was news to me that they did it as weather forecasters I knew they had a cat for can actually write from mine. And that's very logical because if you're on a long journey rats mice they can breed pretty quickly you're going to end up with a lot of it in a lot of stores very quickly as well as transmitting disease of course one of the reasons that they took them on board one of the things they looked out for was when the mother cat start to lift the kittens off board before they sail the ship they knew that there was going to be inclement weather coming I think really fact I can't find any reference to anywhere oh so there's nothing in what when you were a veterinary school was nothing you learnt about this have a day on mine. And how do you heard about the cats about the fact that cats can kind of wipe the face because the trying to make themselves feel a little bit better when when a storm is approaching Well well when they are feeling poorly about the possible yes they will. Cancel excrete a lot of urea 'd in the saliva that may be linked with so it could be that they're worried about something that's approaching and and that's their way of communicating or mason cell feel better rather than actually communicating but I suspect they're not deliberately communicating. Where they're coming in with taking the lead might think that. What about cats and whether them because in to be plenty of cat lovers out there and we need to know how to look after them in certain types of weather conditions my my last Kalon had little Whitey is and I always much to his yes sometimes he hated it he thought I was a horrid mother it's not something we should be doing absolutely with any. Particular kept a pretty good looking often in cold weather right. By the house and like my cat they just won't move on the airing cupboard under the radiator. But the summer you have to be really careful and people get caught out because frankly with all the care and where they got a front row and the cat on the shelf lovely for. The sleep because you know it's just Heaven sitting in. And exiles later they wake up and they're really the hydrated and they've overcooked mush I mean we not often the sun lounger on holiday and you wake up and you feel really quite groggy Don't you very groggy your the hydrated as well as being bright red and somber So we need to make sure there's plenty of water about for our little feline friends but also you know a cool breeze to keep warm and I think if you've got a really old hat you know sort of 15 to 20 sort of thing don't let it fall asleep on the sunny window Ok move it off and summon the Fairy because they'll go to sleep very happily but you know they wake up the whole the hydrated it can turn them into kidney failure right are serious the other one is as you said some burn on the years why then. Are really printing going on burnt and then very print Yeah I've seen quite a few pictures of little white caps and it is less It's awful really now I've got a question because my other half is a stingy Yorkshireman and he doesn't like leaving the heating on and he said it doesn't matter because custom need to be warm and I say that I think they do that they like to be warm if you need to read alike you know I think it's a like you know if I can say that the vet told me that I need to keep accounts I think. You should know exactly an expert I told me. Just the wrong carrying Cheney will be very thankful. That 13 weeks. They got no sense nevermind a 6th sense I got no sense whatsoever and in my opinion we've really done the right thing by getting to I'm glad you say that because they entertain each other they look of things other they play together they grow up together and they don't go as for they don't roam how these are all great reasons I should've had beforehand mostly because he didn't even want to get one never. Mind I would always say to people get to love you know the best will in the world your work your other half of the world rulers work and so on and I see the cat the pretty social creatures and. Even if you spent a long time in your own mind stroking the cat probably through an income. And having having a mate that it with. Well exactly and also scrapbooking saying thank you meant to be friends and that is that you think that biting you this is all boys are to thank you both is that your little boys are no printer I mean you don't think. It has been fascinating to talk to you all afternoon my. Great thank you for joining is it worth your question of whether going to be funny like. Going to school now I believe is actually quite unsettled right across the u.k. And more changeable particularly North West of Scotland doesn't look very nice it's all in detail but that's the that's the general set up. It will be beautiful I'm sure whatever. Thank you thank you. That must be brushed that from an apartment and. Sounds a bit like breakfast time is our house this is love resurrection now written and performed by Alison Moyet from 1984 album. Yes. Coming up the fish show last year it was the warmest on record the figures are in and I'll be discussing them with a senior scientist from the metal show like they say the b.b.c. Where the show we've made Katie Donovan your station for b.b.c. . This is the Paul had some weather show with me Donovan now be a weather forecaster I'm always interested in temperature records for example it was fascinating this winter in the u.k. December turned out to be the warmest since records of the Met Office began in 1910 and it felt a bit more like April or May And when the annual figures come out is fascinating to compare conditions year on year last year we heard that 2014 globally was the warmest on record so how about 2015 well guess what another record breaker Let's speak now to Kay Willett senior scientist in climate monitoring at the Met Office telling our Kate hi there what was interesting about 2015 well as you said it was another record breaking year so it was a surface temperatures were the warmest year on record for the 2nd year in the very following 2014 but also those temperatures were measured them as one degree above the pre-industrial levels that's really quite a large change now and with we're thinking about our emissions targets of 1.52 degrees but we're getting quite close but it wasn't really just the temperature or the global average temperature it was also extreme temperatures so there was a record high number of warm days that were a record low number of cool days actually there was record or near record warmth recorded in every inhabited continent ocean he continent reached record high sea level rises record high and also you had record levels of greenhouse gases of carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide into only 15 as well as 2 questions I Why the extremes and why the warmest year on record Well there are 2 main things going on in 2015 so in the background you've got ongoing climate change so really you're seeing a signal of climate change in response to the increase in greenhouse gases but on top of that we had a really strong El Nino events that was that was comparable with the only new 9798 so I only know it's a really really strong driver of warmth in the atmosphere and what about the u.k. So u.k. Was quite interesting because it's actually quite different to what we're seeing in the globe and that's that's the. What we would expect a very small region and it's affected much more by local circulation so despite having as you mentioned the warmest December record and certainly we had to blossom here in the southwest it was actually the 16th warmest year for the k. But also of the u.k. It was a very it was quite a wet year so it was actually the 7th wettest year on record whereas for the globe it was actually somewhere between the 1st of the 5th driest year on record so quite a different story for the u.k. Compared to the global average Let's talk about emissions targets it's looking at going to be harder and harder. So as I said we're now one degree of this pre-industrial level of temperature and so if we're thinking about trying to curb climate change to 2 degrees or even 1.5 degrees we're getting ready close and that there's been an interesting move today with the i.p.c.c. Announcing that there's going to be a special report in the feasibility of trying to stay below $1.00 degrees so I will be very interesting to see that come out but certainly it's a difficult task ahead and what sort of impacts this climate change already having for to some of the 15 minutes we've reported on quite a few different impacts and some of those are exacerbated by the El Nino but also there are definitely signals of climate change say we've had extensive fires over Indonesia we've had severe drought area increased quite significantly there was a severe heat wave in corrupt she and Pakistan which caused more than a 1000 deaths and then you've had some kind of impacts on species there in the Arctic we've had a lot of sea ice and that's led to the wool over species actually they they've they're having to hold up on land rather than haul up on sea ice which can affect sustainability so they will up on land they will let's trample each other makes it difficult for them to get food you've also got change migration patterns so especially in the Arctic you've got the small Arctic fish species already struggling with the woman temperatures but you've also got larger species from further south moving north and competing with those species so we're already starting to see the impacts of climate change this is going to trend year on year then we spoke about 2014 being the warmest and now 2015 or do you think it's been skewed a little by all Nino I think it's a really good. So we are expecting 2016 to be a very warm year possibly even another record breaking year and a party that is driven by. The only knows now subsided and so what happens in 2017 it does depend a bit on what happens with only you know whether we go into a new or a more neutral we've got this ongoing increase in greenhouse gas emissions so we're not expecting these temperatures to completely go away but I would say we shouldn't necessarily expect record warm years every you know it is fascinating we'll be talking about climate change again later in the program Climate Monitoring senior scientist in the matters thank you this is hot chocolate from 1978 and everyone's a winner. This is the pool where the show with me Donovan and we all know that the Amazon Rain Forest plays a vital role in absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere but what happens when there's a drought there and how does the rain forests recover between one drought and the next These are questions a team of scientists have been asking as part of the 1st ever study of its kind into how trees are affected by changes in the climate they're looking into something called carbon sink one of the scientists is professor of the Phillips from the University of Leeds and he's here with me now hello there. Let's go back to basics here we need the rain forest to absorb comes outside and they do that better when they their water it yes exactly you know they treat trees and plants in the water to grow. They're also probably quite happy with c o 2 because that's what they need to do that for it to synthesis and so what we found previously was like before this study is that overall across the Amazon they've been growing actually faster than going so the trees overall be actually getting bigger and it's quite a small effect locally because the Amazon is so big about 6000000 square kilometers it adds up to a huge amount of extra carbon that they've been absorbing really for decades now and probably until these recent drought started to hit and no rain means that they're not able to absorb the current out. Or is it just the growth Yeah exactly so the growth is part is essentially what allows them to absorb c o 2 So what happens normally in the AMs and you have the dry season it's quite it's quite normal to be a dry season and the plants are able to adjust to that their roots can access water from the soil but if you get these more intense droughts where the season just goes on and on and it gets hotter than a century the plants have to stop growing up there if they carry on growing or die so they stop and sort of and wait it out until until the rainy season starts again describe to me what carbon sink is the sink that we're seeing in the Amazon that actually was a big surprise because the forest you think about it is a mature system so on average the growth of the plants and their death should be more or less in balance in the material system right so the amount of carbon stored shouldn't really change even as a look coming in and a lot going out again but what we've found is that actually for decades this growth had been a little bit ahead of the mortality and that small difference added up to a big amount of extra carbon that the whole land was and was absorbing from the sphere so it's basically taking out extra c o 2 from the atmosphere and in that sense helping us all and what about the droughts that because you looked at 2 droughts 20052010 why were they so important we don't know historically quite how many and how severe droughts were these these were in terms of what we've been looking at in the last 2030 years they were very exceptional and what happened is is the dry season just went on and on across large parts the Amazon and temperatures reached record levels and the trees kind of reacted naturally by shutting down we're going to stop growing and so that absorption of c o 2 from the atmosphere slowed down and then some cases we found that actually then some started to die more as well so the mortality was boosted as well and so it was this reduction of growth and the boost of mortality which meant that the whole forest basically for. From being a carbon sink to being a carbon source to the atmosphere that's negative then that will in terms of climate change the climate because of climate change I mean it's a positive feedback on climate change if you like so that the more the Amazon heats and dries the less the trees will grow and the more they're going to die and really c o 2 into the atmosphere so we've seen that over the short drought periods now in both 20052010 both cases actually the next year was pretty wet back to normal if not more so and so the forests recovered so it's not it's not like we've seen a catastrophe we're just seeing if you like the 1st signs if these droughts and these he heat events continued for longer we really would see the whole forest the sink shutting down and releasing carbon back to the air and that would be an essay and that would be no yeah absolutely if we look at our historical picture that I should actually explain how do we do this because it's actually extremely hard work . You've got 6000000 square kilometers and our sample size is actually ridiculously small there's just a few 100 plots scattered across the basin and then we go out with colleagues from Leeds students from here but also partners across South America and measure trees time and time again so you have to identify them as well to work out how much carbon a story and it's that long term following of different plots across across the Amazon which tells us how the dynamics of changing. So that's told us that this growth has been outstripping the mortality but then most recently in these droughts the situation is reversed and the sink if you like was shut down as a result of this drought let's just talk a little bit about climate skeptics I was going to veer off a little bit but it is it is current You've probably seen the clip of a Professor Brian Cox getting very angry with an astray and Senator let's hear a little clip the absolute absolute consensus is that human action is leading to an increase in average temperatures absolute consensus. I can't I know you may try to argue with that but you can't know not to say so. But. The key point is can we respond do we have the political institutions and the political will and the organization globally to respond to this challenge and that worries me immensely I don't think we do with them but brought the graph right. Of course our next he choked is graph the senator and now the senator was claiming that climate change is a conspiracy by NASA that's an extreme argument isn't it I haven't heard some quite compelling arguments for from climate skeptics but can anybody actually you know what would you say to people who say you say manmade climate change but I haven't heard any compelling argument here like you know I'd like to hear what the people. Would be telling you that would contradict Bryan on the radio or any other place look at the graph look at what it's not just NASA but of course NASA has graphic. Showed that clip is actually based on millions of measurements across the world the moment it's pretty hard to make Mercury expand a little bit more in the in the truth than it would otherwise it would be a remarkable conspiracy to. I mean the other thing I would say is don't just look at the graphs look at look at what satellites are telling us Look what's happened the glasses that melting ice caps there disappear. And look what's happening to sea level that's that's rising so it can't be a conspiracy if it was a conspiracy would have to have the whole planet in on their Yeah well the whole ice caps on you know that as well let's go back to the Amazon the general conclusions so far so to say so. So it works story keeps changing and the fascinating thing is they have the Amazon forest actually help to slow climate change with with forests in Africa as well where colleagues are also working we think about 15 percent of human emissions anthropogenic emissions have been taken out by these joint for it so that's helped hasn't stopped climate change slowed a bit 15 percent about 15 percent going to into what looked like mature forests and there's an interesting question about why that should be maybe for another show. But the point being that having done that if the sink starts to shut down as we're seeing in the Amazon if that stop that means of course the c o 2 levels in the atmosphere will rise that much faster by the equivalent amount of the take you know the rather sinks and sources across the earth as well which are also changing we think but overall at the moment the c o 2 levels in the atmosphere are rising faster than they ever have been so the last year 2015 to 2016 I've seen the Fossett increase ever of c o 2 in there obviously it's reaching levels around precedented for hundreds of thousands of years. And the temperatures have responded It's no surprise we've hit record temperature again last year and we're going this year and we've just been speaking to the Met Office on all on just that so going forward what will you be doing for me a fascinating question is just how how much can Amazon resist essentially what what we're throwing at it I don't. Sense I'm actually fairly optimistic because there's so many species there but what we think we see is some trees die others will come in other species will take over and compensate to an extent so there is a lot of natural resilience in nature what we have to learn of course that the system is managing to resist. Climate changes we have to keep on looking to be sure frustrating Thank you Professor all of Phillip's from the University of Leeds how do our bodies make vitamin d. And why do we need more obvious meeting one of the authors of a study into sunshine at Sheffield University shortly this is the weather show with me Katie Donovan. Kaylee Donovan on the b.b.c. . This is the Paul had some weather show with me Katie Donovan I'm sitting in for Paul on look north and you know what it's been nice to bring you some good news over the last week apart from obviously the weekend we have done quite well haven't we it's been warm and now listen fascinating news about the sunshine vitamin it's Mindy and this is something that I looked at recently when we were filming the b.b.c. One country found diaries a 5 year review on vitamin d. Levels in our bodies has revealed that we need to triple all intake of the vitamin one in 5 people are deficient in vitamin d. And we make most of it from direct sunlight Let's speak now to Hilary powers professor of nutritional biochemistry at Sheffield University who chaired the report hello there Hillary hello now for years we've been told to be careful in the midday sun is this kind of reversing that recommendation No absolutely not this review of course was about 50 mm indeed requirements are not specifically focusing upon how much time we need to be in the sun but since the last review which was 2001 it has been assumed that we get enough fit to Mindy from synthesis from sunlight and that we therefore do not need a dietary intake of vitamin d. And servo since 2001 there has been no recommendation for a dietary source of vitamin d. For anybody between the ages of 4 and 65 years of age but since that time. Much more evidence accumulated around the ability to synthesize vitamin d. From sunlight but also around potential adverse effects of low vitamin d. Status and that's why we carried out the review was certainly not made versing any guidance around being careful when out in the midday sun the advice now is that we can't make enough fit some in days that is that we need to take supplements at certain times of year you can imagine that this is just paraphrasing a very large report what we know and you say quite rightly is that if we look at the data over the whole of the year about 20 percent or one in 5 people have a low concentration of it to Mindy in their blood Now that is a result of how much we have in our diet and also how much of our skin we exposed to sunlight. When we look at the figures for winter then it's much worse over all the concentration of vitamin d. In our blood is lower in the winter than it is in the summer and the percentage of people that would be considered to have a poor vitamin d. Status is much higher and that is because in the winter in the u.k. We don't make fit to Mindy a tool and we rely entirely upon the small amount that is available in our food and the amount that we have stored since the previous summer. The majority of people do make enough it to Mindy from sunshine in the summer months and only a small proportion of people would need to take vitamin d. Supplements in summer with those people by people who for whatever reason choose not to expose their skin to sunlight either because of cultural reasons the clothes they wear or if that elderly and they are spending much more time indoors or if they are going outside and using a lot of high facta sun cream all the time it's also true that people with brown or black skin are less efficient at making fit to Mindi so they need to be in the sunshine a little bit longer in order to make the same amount of vitamin d. So for most of us in the summer we make an effect 7 day from yes pleasure to the sunlight but during the winter months we are deficient. I come lights are very yes well that's a better term let's not use the term deficient what it means is that in the winter we know that about 30 to 40 percent of some groups in the u.k. Population have a low concentration of it to Mindy in their blood Now that is because partly they haven't made enough it to Mindy in the summer to carry over and partly because they're not eating the foods that contain vitamin d. And even if we ate kind of oily fish that was coming out of our ears would he make you know what do we make you it's I mean Day Yeah well if you wish to eat a fish till it came out of your is you would make an effort to Mindy Yes you would . Because you know 60 percent of people in the winter time have a perfectly adequate vitamin d. Concentration in their blood and that is partly because they're consuming a diet rich in vitamin d. It's not just oily fish there are quite a few foods now that a 45 with vitamin d. So many cereals of fortified with vitamin d. Module means a food fight with vitamin d. Eggs have a decent concentration of it to Mindy so you don't have to eat saw Dean's every day . And if you eat well and you supposed to the sun during summer then can we forget about the supply lines during the winter. I think there are certain groups and especially the older age group who should seriously consider taking vitamin d. Supplements in the winter regardless. And also been listening to your program and we have to be lie on a sunny summer with available sunlight on many days over the course of the some a month you know to make vitamin d. And if we have a really tragic feel summer where the cloud is where the sky is very cloudy or it rains a lot well then ability to make vitamin d. Is very much diminished what we look out for to see if we might be deficient in bits and d.n.a. Is there any kind of test that we can say well I would say it would be very difficult for the individual to spot a low vitamin d. Status until it was too late until it was rather late because what we see when someone has gone through a period a lengthy period of having poor vitamin d. Status then if there are now 2 will they might start to feel bone pain all muscle pain and that really is a to point when that is 15 indeed efficiency and if we're talking about children well the same condition but eventually as the child starts to warp then you see the classic both legs of rickets So really to wait until you feel as if you might be vitamin d. Deficient is a bad idea there are of course tests for vitamin d. Status then not routine I would say that if you felt that you didn't or the fish ever you avoided to the sun for whatever reason then you should see recently consider taking a supplement. Hillary Thank you Hillary powers profession of nutritional biochemistry University of Sheffield. Music This is madness from 1980 s. . Way. Out. Of. This sense of a childhood that you go out. To our. To our. Was hot. As a boy. And by our. House. That. Was a out. To our. Area out. To our like it was. Much good. Because. Most of the hour. This is the on the show with me the key Donovan Now before we finish this week a quick word with our weather watcher of the week and this week from tough show in Lincolnshire How did that feel I play Lincoln a game a guy can do he can hear you loud and clear and not just for people who don't know your neck of the words describe what you are on about such a show which is between Boston and really lovely Now you've sent in a lovely pitch which I think you posted this morning at about 10 to 6 in the morning yes that's right yeah even a bit on the very early but I have a dog who likes to be walked at about 5 o'clock in the mill when I ate his summarize generally a time when you're out and about taking pictures then yes I want to summarize it and from that I can this picture the sentence money is lovely it's kind of looking out across the trees and. It's not a particularly red sunset there's kind of oranges and yellows in there and with some kind of wispy cirrus cloud across across the top of the picture is it the colors that you like at those times of day yes it is definitely the rate of the sky the better and so do you take kind of know to the forecast than to know when the skies are going to be red I do this every night to see what's going to be and what it's going to be like you don't listen to my surprise and since that time some of the right time anybody who's watching the whole cloth will know that I need to get some glasses I actually put the tie times in I've been getting lots of flak. I mean do I watched it last night very quickly I'm not trying to be funny if even though no by the side of the camera with the times on I think the summer I was at 8 30 in the morning and I thought about 10 seconds later of course I got the time of the year on the air I would be from what I think I want to salute I suppose you would look at the kind of weather folklore that dress got nice episode light red sky in the morning Shepherd's warning type Yeah yeah which of course is a lot of truth in that one yes how long have you been a weather watcher only since you can you hear crowded new and would you recommend to people. You find it quite easy. Going to work sites. I mean it's just it's just a case of kind of a couple of clicks and you pictures upload it Yeah exactly yeah I had a few problems when I started I think I'd uploaded by picture about 6 times oh I was a good picture but I think it matters. If you know I will look out for your pictures enjoy your early morning dog walks and thank you so much for Sony Pictures n r And I You're welcome thank you very much for taking the font so thank you Fiona there are weather watches from top to show and if you would like to join it's easy peasy to register online even acknowledged it b b c dot co d. K. Slash weather watches and I will count for you pictures when we're choosing them to show on the north and sometimes they appear on the national news as well that's it from me for this week Paul is back next week he'll be lovely and bronzed from his summer break and have a lovely time sitting in from thank you for making me feel so welcome and I will be back with you again soon and you know how often poll tax holiday so it won't be it will be very long it's all I leave you today with bomb day and then me. Here just a short blast of Blondie there when the show back with you next Sunday as always from 12 noon 2 minutes to one now don't Websters here with the latest traffic and travel. Trouble. Looking quite busy around Leeds at the moment around Kirkgate quite slow there at the present time also guilded road as well the age of 62 and every troubling train looked and felt only a 646. So be bridged a little bit on the slow side there it's moving but just a little slower and Regent Street the a 61 traffic lights are not working so extra care needed if you're passing through . The usual problems including up again 162 you'll find that closed today because of maintenance work and how if I strode in my thumb between the bridge and Tubman you'll find some roadworks waiting out there as well that may slow you down it's the move feel show the show ground by p.c. To Derek Webster b.b.c. Radio Leeds travel. 3. It's. Good afternoon for me David Hall coming up next on b.b.c. Radio Leeds it's time for this week's helping us in a packed program today we visit the Hebrides and feature music by Queen and madness as always will bring you news of the many open coming concerts and events where you can get out and about to see a brass band live it's a live show.