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Ces advised all Britons in mainland China to leave if they can the latest figures from the Chinese authorities show a big leap in the number of infections in the past 24 hours from 1000 and a half 1000 to more than 24000 the health secretary Matt Hancock said the British government was taking the necessary precautions we want to take a science led approach the approach that we been taken is very much been driven by the advice of the chief medical officer and this is a very serious virus and having a very serious impact in China as you say there's 2 cases only here and in the u.k. But we do expect more and so we're taking no chances Mr Hancock said a man who fell ill on a plane returning to the u.k. From earlier this week had tested negative for the virus and the chief executive of the Hong Kong based airline Cathay Pacific is asking 27000 members of staff to take 3 weeks of unpaid leave because of the coronavirus yesterday it announced plans to cut about 90 percent of its flights to mainland China. President Trump has made his final State of the Union address before next the next presidential election to a deeply divided Congress Mr Trump snubbed the Democrat House Speaker Nancy Pelosi refusing to shake her hand afterwards she ripped up his speech on camera and described it as a manifesto of mistruths partial results of the 1st vote to choose the Democratic nominee for president are in peak beauty Gedge and Bernie Sanders are in the lead with just over 70 percent of the Iowa caucus votes counted and an investigation into is under way into how a gun was reportedly left in a toilet on a transatlantic flight by a bodyguard to the former prime minister David Cameron the Metropolitan Police says an officer has been removed from operational duty b.b.c. News. Good morning now on Radio 4 it's time for a further leg of William Wordsworth life journey to mark the 250th anniversary of the great poets birth professor Professor Jonathan Bate the author of a new biography has been following in his footsteps today he goes to France at the time of the French Revolution with Simon Russell Beale as Wordsworth's he is with Episode 2 in Wordsworth's footsteps. In a very early morning in a beautiful July day in edgier to the poet William Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy stored on Westminster Bridge earth has not anything to show more for. Dull would he be of soul who could pass by a sight so touching in its majesty. This city now did like a garment where the beauty of the morning silent bath ships towers dome there to his temples lie open under the fields and the sky all bright and glittering in the smokeless and. Never did sun more beautifully steep in his 1st spend Valley rock or hill and there saw I never felt a calm so deep. The river glided that his own sweet will. To God. The fairy houses seem asleep. And all that mighty hot is lying still. Was. Put in words with the sister Dorothy were on Westminster Bridge that somebody too because they were only to frogs that come south from the Lake District that was that. They were travelling to the Channel coast this trip with Dorothy was going to involve a key meeting but it wasn't Wordsworth's 1st time in frogs just over a decade earlier when he was still an undergraduate at Cambridge University he'd gone on a summer walking tour with close college friend Robert Jones It's kind of the 18th century equivalent of 2 students taking an interest in their summer vacation. Which was in Jones decided they were going to move all 3 frogs down to Switzerland cross the Alps around the Italian lakes back up the rivers of Germany huge undertaking all of foot. And they arrived in Calif they found themselves literally walking into a resolution. It was the 14th of July 17th 90 the exact 1st anniversary of the storming of the Bastille could have been the beginning of the French Revolution the overthrow of the old regime the beginning of the tip of a new form of politics a new way of ordering society liberty equality for eternity. And over little towns they passed through as they walked south from college they bumped into people celebrating the fact to laugh at ASIO feast of the Federation the origin of the Bastille Day that is still celebrated today and for us it was an incredibly exciting time for these 2 young students they really felt that the world was being made and knew they were part of it. Bliss was it in that to want to be a life was worth it right and to be young was very heavy. It's a moment ever incredible happiness amazing euphoria and incredible excitement and at the same time an amazing feeling of togetherness despite the fact that there are already cracks showing in any kind of unified front there's still a moment of we are in this together and we have done something amazing. On the return trip a decade later what's with recapture the feeling of joy at that time addressing it to his college friend Robert chance Jones went from calories southward you and I traveled on foot together then this way which I'm pacing now was like the main with festivals of newborn liberty. The homeless sound of joy it was in the sky the antiquated earth as one might say beats like the heart of man songs garlands playing the banners and happy faces far and I. And now. Soul register that these things were too solid to recreating so my heard good morrow citizen. A hollow word as if a dead man spake it. Yet despair I feel not. Happy am I as a bird. Fair seasons yet will come. And hopes as fact. Wordsworth remained close friends with Robert Jones for the rest of his time at Cambridge he went to stay with him at his home in Snowdonia and they walked in the mountains together but then they graduated and like a lot of students Wordsworth just didn't know what to do he stayed in London for a while and then he decided to return to France to improve. Language maybe get a job as a tutor he went down to Brighton and while he was waiting for the tide to turn to the wind to change he stayed with a poet Smith she was very successful writer whose work he greatly admire but she was also very connected to politically radical circles in front of us and she gave words with letters of introduction to various figures. It must have been incredibly exciting for the young words arriving here in Paris in those heady early days of the revolution. I think the 1st place that he went would have been whites who tell . I come to try to find a spot of it it's a little passageway in the 2nd better on the small of the passage he pretty packed just behind the polling Royale close to Volusia it's changed a lot now but you can still imagine the English and American radicals visitors to Paris wanted to get a piece of the revolution they congregated here and they talked politics. One of the letters of introduction that Wordsworth had from Charles Smith once to another poet called Helen Mariah Williams she was also a sort of journalist reporter of sending news back to England of the progress of the revolution. The politics of those early years in frogs in the seventy's ninety's were really complicated lived Hunt is an expert when it comes to Paris towards the end of $1791.00 she's caught up in a circle of people who have similar ideas both the English and the French about the abolition of slavery about the possibility and the greatness of the possibility of a Republic and he's arriving at the very moment when the fate of the French monarchy is most up in the air the king has tried to flee. There's growing sentiment that the monarchy is going to have to be abolished but there's a norm. Division about this so he's in the midst of the most consequential discussions between not just English radicals and their French counterparts but a whole international coterie of people are people from Germany from Italy and there are South Americans they're all meeting together not as an organized group but they have these personal contacts the way Wordsworth does with his letters of introduction and they're exchanging these incredibly exciting ideas but in a moment and a place where these ideas have serious practical consequences will there be a king will there be an uprising what is going to happen to those who support a republic will they be arrested it's an amazing moment of division but also of hope and expectation and aspiration about what the future might bring openness and exercise of hope and. Great with lives which then stood upon our side we who was strong in. Bliss was it in the tone to be alive. But to be. Was very few. Times in which the state for bidding ways of custom Institute to could once the attraction of a country in romance. When reason seemed the most to assert her rights when most intent on making of a self a prime in chanter to assist the work which then was going forwards in her name. Not favored spots alone. But the whole of. The beauty war of promise. Wordsworth only stayed in Paris a couple of weeks he was told that Helen nor I were him so I'd gone south to the city of all male. So he followed her. The following months were a time of incredible joy young Wordsworth's life to be young was very have a he was free was full of hope because of the revolution and he fell in love for the 1st time. She was a young woman a couple of years older than him cold and value on a relative of the family he was lodging with. He taught her English and they would walk together by the river having a passionate affair. By the summer she was pregnant but there was no prospect of them getting married she was Catholic he was Protestant He was English and English was on the brink of war with revolutionary France and he was penniless he realized that he'd have to return to Paris indeed to London in order to earn some money to send to his pregnant girlfriend. It was also a time of in a conflict for words where the heart of the young lover was with Arnett but his revolutionary head was elsewhere because another friend had made him a law that was a soldier and they Michel beaupré who is a passionate advocate of the revolution and that Stanley were royalists but no pre educated Wordsworth in the revolutionary values of liberty equality fraternity sympathy for the poor so one day be walking with his lover by the law and the next he'd be talking radical politics with. On one memorable occasion they were walking through a country lane and saw a hungry guy Wordsworth wrote vividly about this in his autobiographical poem The prelude. And when we chanced one day to meet a hunger bitten girl. Who crept along fitting her languid self into a heifers motion by a cord tied to her arm and picking us from the lane at sustenance while the girl with her 2 hands was busy knitting in a heartless mood of solitude and at the sight my friend in agitation said Tis against that which we are fighting I with him believed devoutly the despair it was abroad which could not be withstood that poverty at least like this would in a little time be found no more all institutes were ever blotted out that legalized exclusion empty pomp abolished sense or state and cruel power whether by edict of the one or few and finally a sum of the crown of all should see the people having a strong hand in making their own laws whence better days to mankind. When Wordsworth left pregnant and yet in the early autumn of 79 to 2 he returned to Paris and he found it was a very different place from the previous year now the city was in turmoil. The King and the royal family had been held prisoner in the palace of the 2 leaders and in August it had been stormed by a mob the Swiss guard who protected the all family was slaughtered and Wordsworth arrived walked across the plaster carousel and saw the blood stains on the ground. A few weeks later there was a mass of Paris to crack the September massacre. Wordsworth was horrified Alice he had welcomed the revolution Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive and now he felt in some sense implicate. These were thoughts that he had seen a through a sleepless night in his home town with an extinguished paper I kept watch reading it intervals fair gone by pressed on me almost like a fear to come I thought of those September massacres divided for me by little month and felt and touch them a substantial dread the rest was conjured up from tragic fictions and mournful calendars of true history remembrances and diminishment and in such way I wrought upon myself until I seem to hear of voice that cry to the whole city sleep nomo. This comments of a common mind from which I could not gather for security but at the best it seemed a place of fear I'm fit for the repose of night defenseless as a woodland Tigers Rose. In the morning after that sleepless night Wordsworth right round the corner from his hotel to the gardens of the political. The still here today it's a very calm sea manicured trees fountain children playing people walking about dogs it wasn't like that in Wordsworth's time that this was the place where everybody gathered to hear the latest news there were vendors and hawkers and as he walked through the crowds he had someone saying denunciation of the crimes of Maximillian robes. He probably bought the newspaper and what he would have discovered was that one of the leading figures in the general down faction of the moderates that he was close to had denounced robes here in the National Assembly So this was the time when the revolution was splitting apart into different factions all the English in Paris at the time are now beginning to be very worried about what is happening because they see the people they most identify with. Going to the. Being executed by their fellow Republicans what can this mean that Republicans are killing fellow Republicans eventually there will be very few protections for those who are accused and people are being executed sometimes in batches of people in Paris it's very striking because everyone knows where the execution spot is and there are crowds watching people back to the king in January 793 the Queen in October 793 that people who are on the wrong side of developments in the national convention anybody who can be defined as an enemy of the country is in danger not just a prison but death by this very public method. So there's an atmosphere of fear of suspicion. Of division about what is going to happen in France. So the Jacobin extremists met by a taking a vote on the hands with friends being punched clearly it was dangerous for him to stay in Paris is such a time so he headed back to England did he left for the birth of his daughter named Caroline. Astonishingly the following. Risk he seems to have returned to Paris at the height of the terror. Before he was at one end of the 3 league office witnessing the blood on the grass. And after the slaughter of the Swiss God at the other end of the tweet is the huge square now called the plaster la Concorde it's a heart of Paris it's now full of buses and pedestrians taxis bustling heart of the city and Wordsworth return to Paris and 793 is very different place is to find buildings over to my right but with that in Wordsworth's day you can see them in original engravings of the guilty ones now a posh hotel owned by the Saudis the other a government administrative building and it's in front of that but Wordsworth stood and saw the blade form on the neck of his friend Antoine Dawson. A journalist key figure in the German town faction. To have witnessed the execution of that man to be the shattering experience and after that Wordsworth completely lost faith in the revolution lost faith in political revolution and he turned instead to be idea of a kind of in a revolution a revolution of the self and of the feelings achieved through poetry he still cared about the poor and the dispossessed but no he was going to create sympathy for them through his poetry. He wouldn't return to France for another decade because Paris has always been a place of revolution straight ahead of me here in the past that I see visions and he's a weather delay showed were rioting not so long ago and to my left just across the se is the site of there's a venerable of 1968 when the students of the Sorbonne took to the streets and in the hideous atmosphere tried to launch another revolution. Over the brac like Wordsworth was brought up in the Lake District then went to university and soon after that he found himself coming to Paris in an atmosphere of revolutionary fervor not unlike what words with a. Experience nearly 200 years earlier I think what he did was to soak him in a feeling of what was right and rule in a way feeling of the boys his must be heard I think he got that out of Paris and it was a very complicated time print there was no it with the illegitimate child but yeah but he what he seems captures so perfectly in there the French Revolution section of produce this extraordinary contrast of feelings on the one hand Bliss was that dawn to be alive but to be young was very heaven but on the other hand he sees the revolution turning to violence he would he walks across the plaster like our saw just after the September massacres where the bodies have been piled up and and then some of his friends and give it to you I mean this you know has has been extraordinary sect I guess on the other hand I would hold to what he's getting out of it he's getting out of it is the value of many voices the value of unheard forces me to guess terror like anyone would in like this country did on the whole very much Hotel against the the idea of terror and that plays a part but I see I think the 1st impression there's a strong go on that comes through what he kept his back with him is the force of human nature disregarded human nature insisting on having its a voice is good and empathy with them and that's part of his political conviction or in life and not line in. Hungry Girl walking down the lane with a starving cow it is this is against which we are fighting because if there is one yes for sure but and he's always picking that sort of thing yes and he said absolutely right here is that he gets his They're fighting so he's on to it this is the revolution. You do hear the great human lament in letter to you here this kind of. Majestic sadness the award winning contemporary I saw as well. But in a way there's something so muscular about his sadness that it does I think. Give a kind of optimism about human voice and human language it's not to me at any rate it doesn't feel broken in the way that later writers feel that they they write from a kind of injured point of view whereas Wordsworth feels vigorously walking the healthy and even though he expresses unease about the project or the French Revolution and often despairs about the human the actual fabric of his voice is seamless You know he has these rolling metrical phrases that seem just in their sound to suggest optimism Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive. But to be done. It was very helpful. What about couldn't go back to France for many years the terror had taken hold and England was at war with France so he spent many years full of in a conflict he loved his native country but he also wanted to stay true to those principles of liberty fraternity and equality and he was anxious about what would happen to Annette and little Caroline It wasn't until 18 o 2 that he could return at that point there was a brief suspension of hostilities the Soho piece of Emil so with Dorothy he was able to go back across the Channel to return to Cally where he would meet Annette and see his daughter Caroline now 9 for the 1st time. And it was as he was setting off on that journey that he and Dorothy stood on Westminster Bridge at dawn and he came up with the idea of that beautiful sonnet estate a whole month there wasn't much to do apart from walk on the sands or down to the end of the pier but it seems to have been a time of of great happiness in many ways callus hands haven't really changed there are no high rise apartments looking out over the sands but the beach itself is lovely fine yellow sand extends for miles and it does almost feel unchanged when I 1st arrived down here on the beach or a little cluster of people walking by the edge of the sea and they really could have been William and that Dorothy and little Caroline Dorothy wrote a beautiful account in her journal of this month on Callas sands. We walked by the seashore almost every evening with Annette and Caroline or William and I alone seen far off in the west coast of England like a cloud crested with Dover Castle which was but like the summit of a cloud the evening star in the glory of the sky nothing in romance was ever half so beautiful always dark behind one night though I shall never forget the day had been very hot and William and I walked alone together upon the pier. The sea was gloomy for there was a blackness over all the sky except when it was overspread with lightning which often reveal to us a distant vessel. Near us the waves roared and broke against the pier and as they broke and as they travelled towards us they were into fused with greenish fiery light. It was also beautiful on the calm hot night to see the little boats row out of the harbor with wings of fire and the sail boats with the fiery track which they cut as they went along and which closed up after them with 100000 sparkles bulls shooting and streams of glow worm night Caroline was delighted. So Dorothy wrote in her journal and William meanwhile wrote a series of sonnets looking across to the lights of England he wrote about his own country as a kind of stab of inspiration it was also here that he wrote that sonnet to his friend Robert Jones remembering his 1st time in France 12 years early. One of the reasons he was there keen to c.n.n. That was the talent that he was going to get married he decided to marry his childhood sweetheart Mary Hutchinson they had a long and happy marriage many children together but he never forgot about it and that he would continue to send her money and indeed some 20 years later with Mary and again Dorothy they came back to France and saw Caroline now a young woman. Through over turmoil of the revolution the horror of the guillotine and then the years of war when he was apart from his mother and his child what held fast to his belief in the restoring power of nature and his love of the innocence of children he captured those ideas so beautifully in one of the sonnets that he wrote here on Callas sands walking hand in hand with his little daughter Caroline he looks at the sky the sea the cliffs of death and he finds a kind of calm and in his child he sees a vision of what. It is a Beauty is evening calm and free the holy time is quiet as a nun breathless with adoration the broad sun is sinking down in its tranquility the gentleness of heaven is on the sea. Listen. The mighty being is awake with his attorney all motion make a sound like thunder everlastingly. To a child. Dear girl that was kissed with me here if thou appears to untouched by solemn thought my nature is not there for less divine. Eliason Abraham's bosom all the year and worship sed of the temples in a shrine God being with you. When we know it not. That was Simon Russell Beale as Wordsworth the presenter of in Wordsworth's steps is Professor Jonathan beat the music was specially composed by Emily Levy and Chris Laura Christie was Dorothy Wordsworth the series is produced by bt Lupin's now on Radio 4 rather 1st and fry are back with more of your curious cases and this 1st episode is pure gold. Welcome back to series of 15 of the curious cases of rather For am Friday where we are they your questions using the power of silence and Today's question is a real gem technically a precious metal whatever it was sent into curious cases at b.b.c. Top at u.k. By Paul Rudnick who asks How is gold made inside the Earth and why haven't we found a way to replicate the process could this be finally Hanna road to riches certainly not if thousands of years of trying is employed to go by because the quest to make gold has a long and very unfruitful history in the art of alchemy. 6 it all started with secrete him secretory him the secret of secrets a magical philosophy tech supposedly written by Ara stuff for himself. And parts down the ages by a radiance scholar. They enshrined these alchemic secrets in the Emerald Tablet a coded message describing how the heavens above influenced the earth down below. During the Middle Ages European alchemy pursued these ideas with fervor they decoded the tablet which claimed that the 7 known planets in space created 7 different metals on Saturn made lead and the sun produced gold achieving perfection became the aim of. I mean both spiritual and scientific from finding the elixir year of everlasting life to creating the perfect metal like gold according to material scientists marked with Nick Gold was seen to be a perfect form of matter it was not a pure form matter because it was made up of immutable laws a mixture of mercury and sulfur and people thought that copper was a different mixture of military and sulfur and lead with a different picture and I am with a different so basically it sort of made sense in everyone's head that if they were just different mixes if you could somehow change the mix you could get gold so what how did they attempt to do it there was this idea that something called the philosopher's stone almost we would think of it as a catalyst it would change one into the other and you needed to find the philosopher's stone in order to have the ability to change lead into gold so how did you make the Philosopher's Stone Well that was what we would call the occult It was all shade and mystery people coded their recipes and most of the arguments were like this very secretive right so there was this secret sauce of the stone that could help turn sulfur and mercury into other metals but why do you think they used those particular elements partly because the chemistry can do with those incredible motion in particular is a liquid metal at room temperature mysterious one for clearly special but it dissolves gold so you can take a piece of gold and they did and you can dissolve in Mercury now it just looks like mercury slightly yellow a verse in the Mercury you could do that backstage then you could come out front stage in front of a king for instance I can do alchemy and they could say prove it you heat up the Mercury the mercury evaporates you get left with a lump of gold Well that sounds like a calm trick I mean is it charlatans or is it scientists Very well then clearly they knew they weren't turning mercury into gold at that point but the people in the audience didn't know that of course there was a huge wealth at stake here in fact it was an act of parliament prohibiting the attempt to change lead into gold because the Crown was so why they would undervalued the wealth of the nation so welcome it's just trying to make a quick buck by tricking people into thinking that may go there well not all of them they definitely were a bunch of con artists I recall puffers and they turn these kind of tricks. To make money but there was a very much more serious scientific side so Isaac Newton actually translated the Emerald Tablet and he wrote more on alchemy during his life than pretty much any other subject earnest rather 3rd a relation he's no relation of mine proudly called himself an alchemist as indeed did Robert Boyle who was in fact instrumental in repealing the act of parliament the one that Mark mentioned just then which banned alchemies from attempting to make gold Ok but we now know those ideas are impossible right but Newton was in a puffa I mean did these ideas have some use yes absolutely alchemy was basically the foundation of chemistry and science experimentation as a whole because what they did what Newton did was systematic it was recordable it was repeatable and wrong very wrong Ok But getting back this is a question if you can't make gold without Committee we're going to need to look a little bit further afield so I put poor relics question to our curious cosmologist and you Ponson or and the question that we had to end was how is gold maiden's idea when I'm going to disappoint you because it is not made inside the earth where is it made then it was made before the Earth formed or the whole solar system formed and it's part of the sort of grand cosmic process that we call nucleosynthesis basically building lots of different elements from the Roar building blocks that the universe was born with told me through it is it Ok building blocks sure how does that give you gold gold is just one type of atom and atoms are made out of smaller constituents called protons and neutrons so if you want to make an atom of a particular type like gold in fact all you need to do is get the right number of protons in the right number of neutrons and put them together in a small enough space and that gives you the nucleus for your goals atom but the way you're describing it sounds like it's quite deliberate but this is something that happens automatically Yes. It's something that happens automatically in space and when the universe is born. Only very simple particles like the individual protons in the individual neutrons so what you have to do is find suitable places in space where you can bring those protons neutrons together and kind of ram them together actually really hot so they kind of fuse into that individual gold atom yet but it needs to be somewhere buried whole very energetic and very massive that Graham Newton I meant to star Ok right well who better to take us inside the life of the stars than the solar scientists Lucy Green within the cools of stars like our sun you have really extreme conditions really high temperature and really high pressure is because of all the mass of the stop pushing down on the center and in that environment were able to have a process take place that's cooled nuclear fusion so literally the nuclei of different elements coming together to build into heavier elements in the most simple scenario even able to 10 hydrogen into helium and create a new chemical element and you start the process of having stellar factories that can create the chemical elements that ultimately we know today. In fact our own star the Sun is any of the stars of this journey fusing hydrogen into helium with the really useful byproduct sunlight which is allowed life on earth to flourish. Just like plants and creatures staus own life cycle from birth to death. Stars very much a 3 evolutionary phase is. Born and they live and they die think about the hydrogen fuel inside the star as being limited and once that fuel runs out the fusion process then has nothing to work on. The star is able to collapse in on itself a bit because it doesn't have the energy and the heat to sort of keep it popped out . That collapse of the core of a star actually increases the density and increases the temperature and then something really interesting can happen. Within that hotter environment you can start to build helium into the next set of heavier chemical elements like carbon and oxygen and say inside the most massive stars you can end up building chemical elements through the periodic table up until the element ion and the interior of the star ends up being like an onion ion at the center and then shells of successively lighter elements as you go out say giants that are new is there is that always a right well comes from the concept of the cosmic soup because you could say that some stars are like shallow because they're little and they only contain a few lighter elements Where's all the massive stars like giant Spanish onions with lots and lots of layers rice into the heavier elements in the middle then you might be stretching this analogy a little bit too far as I'm but Lucy of course you mention that these stars make all of the elements up to I correct that's the giant Spanish onion again needs the turkey run ins but of course gold is heavier than iron as we know from the Periodic Table Yes So to recap if we're trying to discover how gold is made we've established that it's not made by alchemy it's not made inside the Earth it's not made in the core of stars or even in the center of onions disappointing and in fact the origin of all of the gold on Earth is even more brilliant according to someone who really does know there are 2 and 2 points that it was made most likely either in the death throes of a dying star or possibly in the collision of 2 neutron star said. Basically it's made in very exotic places in space there are a couple of plausible ways you can do it one is wait for a really massive star to reach the very end of its life it runs out of all the fuel that it could use for regular nuclear fusion and then it kind of explodes out in a final burst of fusion generating all sorts of heavy elements including probably gold and another thing that you can do is merge 2 neutron stars neutron stars they're not like regular stars at all they've actually already come to the end of their regular life and collapsed in on themselves and go to extremely dense almost to the point that they create a black hole but just at the last moment the whole process of collapsing star stops and you are left with what is effectively a sort of star sized nucleus just a giant bunch of neutrons if you then throw 2 of these neutron stars at each other and believe it or not this does actually happen out in space then that process is so cataclysmic that you end up with all sorts of new elements being manufactured very very quickly and that certainly would include gold and that actually happened Yaz there in 2017 when gravitational waves were discovered from this humongous collision of 2 superdense neutron stars a series those gravitational waves were spotted astronomers all around the world they pointed their massive telescope to the source and lo and behold they saw infrared light that was characteristic of gold with a little bit of platinum thrown in just a bring up a little bit more right so there's that in deep space and it's a long way from Earth so how does it end up on Earth Well of course the planets form from the dust and debris that's just floating around in space and that's going to include bits of exploded stars so in a way those alchemy where ice stars do produce go. Old Just you need a very very big star that is much bigger than our sun and it has to occur lapse into a neutron star 1st now on previous curious cases we've heard that you can create new elements right here on Earth using particle accelerators So I asked material science is Mammadov why we can't just bypass all of this ridiculous exploding star business and just make gold ourselves like proper alchemy Yes but with 21st century tech we can and people have done it the Soviets did it in any correct as they found the lead was turning into gold in some of the reactors because of the nuclear reactions occurring inside essentially people have done it in other more controlled conditions around the world so it's done it's just that it's really expensive it's much more expensive than mining and also what you get left with is a whole load of radioactive waste which contaminates the gold that you might then be trying to sell or give someone as a gold ring for your lot yeah radioactive gold rings not where a man take it you've got a gold tooth you I have. It is pretty special to think that actually there in your mouth or maybe if you've got a wedding ring you're actually carrying around a bit of exploded neutron star Yeah I mean and gold remains the most culturally valued metal even though it's not the most expensive and I definitely love having a gold tooth listeners' is at the back it's not like proper gangs to bring going on and I just think the fact that gold is very unreactive so lost through centuries so this gold in my mouth was not just its journey from the star to Earth but it's his journey within history and civilisation because we value this material so much. So Dr rather better when it comes to how gold is made on earth can we say Case Solved Yes Dr Freud we care it isn't easy created in a process called nucleosynthesis 1st new elements are formed inside stars but that only goes from helium all the way up to ion and heavier metals need an extra injection of energy exploding supernovae or colliding neutron stars forward heavy Elam. If I could go to that pulling on your finger is the product of a cosmic megger explosion millions of years ago. The Curious Case of brotherhood and Fry was presented by Adam rather furred and when a fry and produce spine Michel Martin Someone told me you know the camera can always tell when you're lying was acting about except lying paramedics help give your life the talents of a writer Alec Baldwin hit podcast comes to b.b.c. Radio 4 extra morning good morning. I can't sing to save my life I almost sang on with guests including Michael Douglas and beginning with Jerry Seinfeld of a Dr I am a comedian but I can't I just don't see the need for it to go to guy for it we had a guy for that here's the thing on b.b.c. Radio 4 extra tomorrow morning at 11 and again in the evening at 9 over on 198 longwave in d a b. Digital radio we have the daily surface led by cannon on Easter Good morning this wake off to celebrating the presentation of Christ in the temple and candle mass on Sunday and then putting away the very last of our Christmas decorations with thinking about how we can respond to called Slav how house small Kona can be to lease top with the twinkling lights of Christ some friend sent me a Christmas card that said in this song of the angels he steeled when the star in the sky has gone when the Kings and the princes a home when the shepherds a back with their flocks the work of Christmas is on to find the lost to heal the broken to feed the hungry to rebuild the nations to bring peace among peoples to make music in the heart. Brig directed by Ali Hamilton sings with Mary the Mother of Jesus tell out myself. Did God in these some times doll Dr use of wing to give us halts that jump for joy with the good news of your love and saving grace and enable us to share that joy around us Amen. Now I know that throughout its life the church has been responsible for some shameful and terrible things and all too often people of faith don't seem to have done anything that told to stop the evil and degradation that they saw in plain sight all around them bought if I had a pound for all the times that people have said to me well it's religion that's cause most of the wars of this world you know that's what I have done to church and I'd have to have money to give to all the good work that the church has done and still does our hospitals schools and universities all started by religious soldiers back in the days when nobody else still to poll particularly for poll people later it was her Christian faith that inspired dying Cicely So when does to develop the hospice movement which does so much Malva list work for people with life limiting illness and their families. There's a charity one of many in the slum don't borrow where I live that was set up by local churches nearly 50 years ago members of the congregations had living experience of the problems cold by poverty racism and unemployment and they decided to get together to do what they could to make a difference thanks to that inspiration thousands of people have been trained and helped to find jobs hundreds of homeless people have been housed in accommodation with extra assistance said that they might grow to independence keris have found help and advice to enable them to continue their vital work and countless refugees have been fed clothed and supported towards legitimate and productive lives with the practical support these days and many other faith groups in the Bara paid staff and volunteers care for people who would otherwise sleep on the streets and feed families in our food banks and that pattern of caring in big and small ways is replicated throughout the country it's not unusual for the people we serve and others to ask us why we do this work and I always say the 1st is what the Bible tells us to do over and over again as in these verses from some 58 he gave laws to the people of Israel and commandments to the descendants of Jacob he instructed our ancestors to teach his laws to that children so that the next generation might learn them and in turn should tell Batchelder. In this way they will also put their trust in God and not forget what he has done but always a Bay His commandments they will not be like that I'm stressed as a rebellious and disobedient people whose trusting God was never firm and who did not remain faithful to him but also people who do this sort of work get such a last ounce of it we meet interesting people who enrich our lives and of course we discover how near we are to needing help vulnerability comes to us all at some time in our lives. And now a hymn the praise for old God does for us this is Amazing Grace. My. My. But. She. Did go out the spread of the coronavirus. Many We pray for those working hog to stop the spread of the virus load in you'll mussy hear our prayer. Oh God we often fail we come to control the horrible things going on around us though we know they're breaking your haunt while we practice can't he mold them pray if we're on our own help us to see where we might be able to join without as a makeup positive difference the old in yo man say here out prayer Well Jesus sometimes it's called to love in your name some of the people around us especially those who are sitting hungry and angry we can fail I should try to be better behaved help us to remember but then but you'll Grice weak and helpless to see you'll face Inez load to say his prayer. Holy Spirit has inspired so much generosity open our eyes to all the people and organizations who work tirelessly and imaginatively to make this place suitable for all your children load a new all must say. A prayer. And together we pray as Jesus taught us our Father who art in heaven hallowed be thy name thy kingdom come thy will be done On earth as it is in heaven give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us and lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil for the line is the kingdom the power and the glory for ever and ever amen now the daily thing as saying oh God beyond all praising to that magnificent Keen thanks did. A a. Day Thing to the. Be of good courage hold fast to that which is good render to no one evil furry Ville strengthen the faint hearted support the way you can help the afflicted and honor everyone love and serve the Lord with joy and the blessing of God Almighty Father sound and Holy Spirit be with you today and the way man. B.b.c. News at 10 o'clock the government says people returning from China should go into isolation and monitor themselves for any symptoms of the coronavirus it's organizing one final flight from harm the city at the center of the outbreak and advising all Britons to leave the country around 100 people are now in corn teen in a hospital in the world in the seas off Japan 10 passengers on a cruise ship have been diagnosed with the virus testing of the rest of those on board is continuing the British Tourist David Abel is aboard the Diamond Princess and says he was due to return to England yesterday we had a flight booked with on Tuesday morning that has had to be counseled.

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