And in the Ashes England have a lot to do tomorrow on the final day of the 4th tested Old Trafford a closer play tonight the home side were 18 for 2 in their 2nd innings a need 365 runs to win B.B.C. News Now it's time for archive on for this week joke open considers how generations of young people have sought to influence British politics from the time when their voice really started to be heard back in the 1960 S. The program contains strong language the 1st political youth quake. Whether it's bricks it climate change education or housing more young people are interested in and talking about politics in a way I've not seen in recent years I see and hear it from our younger guests on politics live the daily T.V. Discussion show I present from Westminster this summer young environmental campaigners from around the world gathered in Parliament Square to wake up Westminster to what they see as a climate emergency. I'm missing I'm 15 I'm a volunteer with the U.K. Student crime network and I'm here to protest from 0 on climate change I'm Max I'm 12 years old my most recent U.K. Shooting fire now and I'm here to protest not just as Morsi is but about is actually his back you know the kerosene and everything that he stands for so what sort of trick did your presence here at this rally against Trump if you look at things like the micro fronts if you look at this attack on women's right to look at stopping people of color but you've also called things like a crime crisis making up words why are you here I mean climate change is the biggest issue odds are I'm in a really offends me that he's being invited over in like they're rolling out the red carpet for someone you're stealing often just. These protests against President Trump's visit in June followed extinction rebellions disruptive spring campaign of citizens across the U.K. The campaign on climate change has become the new political front line for young people the most recent manifestation of the youth quake in this program I'll be speaking with politicians from different areas and stem points to understand how generations of young people have sought to influence politics how successful they've been and what Lost impact they've left. let's start though in the 1960 s. It's the mate the time at the thirst real political youth quake this was the decades synonymous with street protests antiwar demonstrations and student sit ins significant numbers of young people with pressing for political change the the the was was i was was a fish was was to students demanding their voices be heard by a political establishment that seemed stop in the social conservatism of the post war era and campaigning on issues ranging from discrimination to feminism from consumer rights to vegetarianism in 1968 rebellion on student campuses escalate it with the highest ever number of college sittin was and anti vietnam war protests reach their peak with a noisy and impart by anant demonstration it was scented on london's grove in a square then the sonship the u.s. Embassy was such student demonstrators chanted in favor of the north vietnamese forces fighting the americans in in days china including the fee it calls or and l.f. They would joined by pop stars and activists like vanessa redgrave and by terry cali who some years later told judy and pecha for about the highly distinctive impact of the you do code taxed its students i'm the are good that grows in a square it were Very angry and I may say that they included a lot of people from the wrong for doesn't make drugs local one was and by that inspiration I will say if you told me to being a foreigner a different skin color. Jeans nice solar greeting the students in town wanted. To kiss so foolish and stupid but Derek It was called the battle ground scream it was a fairly extreme incident for this country wasn't it was I mean to see the mounted police charging into a moment demonstrators one T.V. That threatening but for Britain it was a huge shock that actually a pitched battle took place outside the US embassy. But made from these were seen as people one could identify with that cause was noble and so the sooner they won the better chance to Johnson the streets of cocoa bocce Mindy N.L.F. Is going away and. So it was not a stray pacifism here and that is I think very different from both seeing day which preceded the Vietnam movement and many movements like the. That followed it. Those of those demonstrations were less exclusively youthful although we'll hear more later about the effect of Tony Blair's wars on The Young and politically engaged Peter Hain who became a member of the black cabinet had just arrived in Britain from South Africa where his parents had been fierce opponents of the apartheid regime I remember very vividly going to Grosvenor Square with my brother and suddenly to find the police beating the hell out of demonstrators some of whom were actually violent a minority but most of us were nonviolent was a bit of a shock direct action. Very much the thing of the moment so there was the Paris student revolt joined by some workers so we had a sense of creating an entirely new politics and in terms of the direct action that you talked about you helped to pioneer the on pitch protest at sports matches what spurred you to undertake that particular form of direct action and was it successful the direct action that I was responsible for pioneering through the anti-apartheid struggle was born of that $968.00 era and what I saw around me on the anti-apartheid struggle in sport was a whites only teams coming to tour Britain and to play against England or teams going in the British Lions going to South Africa and people holding placards out side Lord's cricket ground or tricking them rugby stadium but nobody taking a blind notice about it and felt really angry about this and thought well let's use direct action to physically stop 1st of all the Springbok rugby tour 16970 and I came up with the idea to target and disrupt which we did very successfully and it caught the authorities by surprise did it to some extent never before had people invaded a Davis Cup tennis match in Bristol as I and some political activist friends did interrupting an international tennis match for the 1st time and sitting on the court nor had anybody stop cricket matches before as we did with a private cricket tour touring in the summer of 9869 and then the rugby tour was coming into view it was a big shock to the rugby authorities and I think everybody because the police at the beginning didn't really know how to handle us at Twickenham as we piled over the fence and ran on to the pitch and physically stop the match but the campaign didn't just involve simple protest we laid siege to the hotel all the Springboks are staying. And on the eve of the international the Twickenham in December night in $69.00 booking a young attractive woman demonstrator into the hotel and she went around in the middle of the night and stuck solidifying agent into the Springbok bedroom door locks. They were unable to get out of their rooms on the morning of the match without breaking the doors dome and then we had a very well dressed young bloke in a suit none of us ever wore suits none of us possessed suits we were the long haired weirdos of our generation as we were denounced in a carefully planned operation he climbed on to the team bus the engine idling and some of the players already on it and said to the driver of the management would like to speak to inside the driver Jeter flea climbed off and he took his place drove the coach often crashed it into a side of the road and then chained himself to the steering wheel so the police had quite a lot of trouble cutting him free Peter Hain and his comrades always a few steps ahead of the plod but there was a cost to playing by different rules I became a hate figure a real hate figure the source of a lot of invective from a lot of people and the recipient of hate mail and threats to my life and so on and in a sense that was very similar to what my parents had experienced and reponse to it and none of us ever expected that to happen. But also things like how home telephone was tapped we knew that you recognize this quote then I'm sure it would be a mercy for humanity if this unpleasant little creep were to be dropped into a sewer each tank up to his ankles head 1st that was John Jr in Sunday Express it 169 What did you think when you read those I laughed but it was quite typical of what was said about me at the time I was pretty hated on the right of British politics you could have expected that and John Jr certainly a put him on as the British right but also by sports fans because the thing about the sports protests is you were on the sports pages as well as the news pages and that reached right into elements in society the majority in society who don't follow politics in the way you and I do with a nutters really most people are kind of more normal and did reach right into them and a lot of them couldn't understand why the sport was being interfered with Peter Hain was a tricky opponent nonviolent ingenious articulate and radical he was hard to ignore and his adversaries didn't know how to respond such exasperate can be heard in this interview with a supporter of the 1970 South African cricket tour and I think there's a great deal of idealism on notice is this among people who think this is the best method of demonstrating against apartheid but latched onto it I'm quite certain there is a very strong left wing communist element you also criticize the forces of law and order in this country with regard to the demonstrations have indeed I think we've got to toughen up a great deal on the illegal side of these demonstrations just doesn't make them by way of thinking law and order it encourages these lunatic fringe to do stupid things. Across the R.C.C. a Seemingly very different figure was also determined to advance her cause in Derry Londonderry the civil rights movement was becoming more vocal and outspoken in its campaign for equality for the minority Catholic community a major confrontation between the Catholics of Bogside and the Royal Ulster Constabulary. We are not doing it because it limits what I have to defend this area against the police command of God and the people that live in it this is why we are not surrendering and if plaintiff a nice guy and we haven't any place of police many are marching off and we are holding a theory against them to be careful of and we will just cover every last one of our That movement had a feisty champion in Burnet debt Devlin whom we heard there a working class Catholic young woman from county to Rome who by the late 1960 S. Had come a political age after a stunning by election victory she arrived at Westminster as the youngest ever female M.P. . 21 year old Byrne adept was like Peter Hain a youthful outsider and she convulsed British politics she wanted to be at Westminster she said because it was where things happened and she was utterly her own person as the B.B.C.'s Michael Barrett discovered when interviewing her on the day of her maiden speech in April 969 What did you make of the Commons today is your 1st time at you for Him How did you feel this place I didn't get any great sense of feeling of belonging in that place and it's rather grand building and I'm sure if I had time to write a tract of possibly beautiful building and didn't really notice that. I was very busy. I didn't have any feeling of or that these other people were you know members of parliament and we were all such great fellows sitting right there in people's lives because they don't have this mentality towards people who so as members of parliament how do you see yourself you know I don't mean specifically as a label I know what your label is but do you see yourself as a Terry Cowley you know I see myself as a bonus it definitely. Would as I believe that it is very little you socialists basically if they were kind of social I am a socialist I'm not a doctrinaire socialist much to my intellectual She and I have never read Marx I have read Connally possibly because Connally is Irish and because having worked out my own socialist principles from experience of living a normal life who are you a militant there is this Do you approve of any at all of the violence the followed the civil rights James I'm not a doctrinaire anything my own personal belief is that violence is something which is destructive. But when it comes to the stage but there is no other answer and in order to change society there must be violence in some cases it is necessary to settle for the minimum amount later she delivered her own brand of direct action that came after the shocking events of Bloody Sunday I was. Following a March through the streets of Derry Londonderry 13 unarmed civil rights protesters were shot dead by British paratroopers on the 30th of January 1972. I. Benedict Devlin was there. The next day she was in the Commons chamber when the Conservative Home Secretary Reginald Morton gave the government's version of events which she wanted to challenge denied that opportunity for the speaker she took matters into her own hands. She walked over to the Home Secretary and slapped him across the face and act late to celebrate it by the band. In their tracks. After the incident Devlin was confronted by an entirely mailed Westminster press pack who crowded round her British home secretary got up and made what he called a statement he did not have one substantiated. It lasted 3 minutes and at no stage did he even say I regret the fact that 13 people are dancing this was an emotional reaction of you and it wasn't an emotional reaction it was quite coolly and counted on I was the only member of parliament who was in the chamber who was in Delhi yesterday I was fired on by the partners and yet parliamentary democracy was such that I was not allowed to speak or just missed more. You know I'm just sorry I didn't get them by the. Different strands comprise the deviling creed they included a passionate belief in civil rights profound suspicion of the police and some British Army units in Northern Ireland and deeply held nationalist convictions in 1972 they made her unpopular at Westminster but her politics were arguably to have a lasting impact reflected in aspects of the Belfast Agreement in 1998 barely 21 years old she Chaiken the establishment as the age of deference they did it was to take another 46 years before someone even younger than her was elected to Westminster Scottish Nationalist Mari black course her own youth quake when she became the youngest ever member of the House of Commons at the age of 20 she used her maiden speech to highlight the issue so central to many young people the affordability of housing now the government cooperate with peers for me through taxpayers' money to be able to live in London where as they say of my constituents my housing as subsidized by the taxpayer No The Chancellor has budget said it is not to feel that families are going over 40000 pounds on one then should have their rates paid for by other working people but as OK so long as you're an M.P. And this budget the chancellor also abolished any housing benefit for anyone before the age of 21 so we are now in that is that your situation whereby because I am an M.P. Not only am I the youngest but they are also the ONLY 20 year old in the whole of the year tear that the chancellor is prepared to help with closing. Mari black came to Westminster to make things happen rather like burn a debt Devlin 50 years earlier the late sixty's of course witnessed major social and political change capital punishment abolished abortion legalized. Homosexuality partly decriminalized and there was another reform the subject of this report the B.B.C. One's nightly news program 24 hours. The days of dawn when youngsters were seen and not. A new generation of teenagers weaned on Pop pot and protests will be the 1st in British history with a voice at the seat of power. For today young people can drink gamble and marry before they're 21 and now at the age of 18 they can vote in the next general election nearly 3000000 political newcomers will have the same rights of citizenship as their parents there's been no change since then despite an active campaign supported by Scottish and Welsh nationalists among others to lower the voting age to 60 that's only happened once in the Scottish independence referendum of 2040. Back in the 1970 general election Labor assumed they'd be the beneficiaries of youthful radicalism and the widening of the franchise which potentially offered political parties millions more votes to court if of course the young had registered its believe that up to a quarter of them don't want to vote and as many as half of them will be able to because their names are missing from the government for the party's problem is that the younger voters don't know that they're entitled to register they don't realise that they've got the 16 year 6 months to put on the register before they can vote at 18 I think going to be a good thing for you can actually be put on the Russian side because problem and we've had no real help in the for the national campaign at all the perception and often reality that younger voters are less likely to turn out on Election Day than older ones isn't just today's problem and for all the seismic radicalism it was Ted Heath and the forces of conservatism which triumphed at the 1st movie the election . Between has our story to form the next government and I am indeed proud to accept this government will be at the service of all the people the whole nation our purpose is not to divide but to unite and where there are differences to bring reconciliation to create one nation. It didn't take long for any such unity to fracture be it industrially with record numbers of strikes or economically with rising inflation and unemployment which was to hit one and a half 1000000 later in the 70s rising anger and frustration was starting to act as a recruiting sergeant the political extremes leading to pitched battles on Britain street Waziri. Was was by now Peter Hain having been a radical young liberal in the late 1960 S. And early 1970 S. Had joined the N.T. Not seemly mobilizing with other young people in the fight against racism the league focused on opposition to the National Front which sought to win young converts to an explicitly racialist politics. Young working class used were on the March in 1007 to 7 there was the skinhead phenomenon there was the flirtation with Nazi regalia and it was easy for the National Front to prey on that and appeal to those youngsters who didn't have jobs and felt alienated to see them to 3 the fascists in the racists in the Nazis as providing an understanding home from whom. Former Tory cabinet minister Saeed who grew up in the West Yorkshire town of do use Barry was on the receiving end of daily racist taunts and experienced feelings of alienation I think trying to find identity as a working class peasant born and raised in New York share and the brutality of racism which was still there during the seventy's and eighty's in a format which was known to Korean correct Koreans Paki bashing and trying to find our way both out of poverty and out soon of what felt like an identity undeceived in trying to find a sense of belonging within Britain Peter Hain helped devise a new style of youth campaigning to take on that there are people who are making Saeed life so unpleasant what we did through the anti Nazi league was using it in a way that we never even thought about doing to stop or to accompany him with rock music that had never happened with Rock Against Racism So he's had the sort of harder politics of the anti Nazi league confronting the National Front on the streets where necessary then you had rocket going to racism gigs in your local town or big carnivals in London or Manchester or Birmingham attracting tens of thousands of people in the case of Victoria Park in London 100000 people in budget 78. That sort of slightly new or more risque bands like the punk bands The Clash and you'd be 40 the reggae band and others were playing. And then their followers came to watch them and listen to them and suddenly were soaking in the empty racist policies so it was obviously very powerful to live in a dream A powerful in an entirely different way a very powerful. What was also common was the level of spontaneity So you had miners against the Nazis skateboarders against the noiseless vegetarians against the Nazis teaches against the something for everyone something for everybody the league had its own critics who worried about its readiness to confront its enemies with force but it did succeed in marginalizing the National Front in what might now be seen as a rare political victory for the campaign is on the left red because by the mid to late 1970 S. The post-war economic consensus was being challenge and the political initiative seemed instead to lie with the right it had found a young advocate in the 16 year old William Hague from the Yorkshire mining area of rather Valley it's all right for some of you out of your work there. Was. But I will be and I want to be afraid economic policy can get out and see that freedom the nationalize asian of certain industries and forcing others to cover their costs large and progressive cuts in public spending the year by year reduction of the proportion of G.N.P. Spent by the states Margaret Thatcher had inspired him with her promise to set Britain on a new economic course it was a very arresting time if you are a young person like me interested in the world it seemed like a time of the Veer crisis because it had industrial disruption of home of the Cold War At its height overseas a Cold War that always seems are going in the direction of the Soviet Union Up until that point you know we now think in retrospect over the whole international scene was a triumph for democracy but it wasn't then and Britain seemed like it was in just permanent economic decline and then for me here. Growing up in South Yorkshire I was going to a comprehensive school in South Yorkshire this was amplified rather because all of my friends' fathers worked in steel and coal nationalized industries or they lived in local authority housing and there didn't seem to be any hope for breaking out of their own private ownership for some new economic regeneration and that error. Situation of course motivated somebody like me to be involved in politics the idea that you could do something about this inequality of opportunity and the English north south divide were often attributed to Thatcherite policies on the other hand she was seen as personifying aspiration perhaps her most popular policy in the 1980s was the right to buy council flats and houses enlarging the property owning democracy especially for younger they tis talented young comedians like Harry Enfield satirized the me me me psycho iced. Tea Leoni. By Jury and because I know. You so why didn't you didn't it. Reflecting now on that time in the 1980 S. William Hague wonders if that tendency went too far it was a particularly libertarian period which was a reaction to the growth of the state in previous decades and it's not uncommon in politics that when you've got a big movement one way it is followed by a counter action that overreaches itself the other way and now I think in retrospect about was the case that we're now dealing with another 30 years on where the need to reform capitalism in various ways because we have finished up with too much inequality of wealth. And so the pure faith in the market that we adopted in many center right circles in conservative circles in the late eighty's in the ninety's is now being tempered it really with an understanding you need the state to do certain things in my view but we were in that situation because socialism and swept all before it and communism appeared to be on the brink of success in the sixty's but yes I do think it then went a bit too far the Hainan Devlin youth quakes which preceded the Thatcher era were about equality and rights. The way young people responded to Mrs Thatcher's shrinking at the state including cutting aid to African countries was different their generosity to the victims of famine in East Africa set new records. To. Bandaids feed the world then the biggest selling pop record of all time and Live Aid then the biggest live music event ever held were a world away from the loads of money culture the spur to action had been Michael Burks reports from Ethiopia in 1984 the B.B.C. News dawn and as the sun breaks through the piercing chill of night on the plane I've signed for him it lights up a biblical famine now in the 20th century. This place say workers here is the closest thing to hell on earth thousands of wasted people are coming here for help many find only death they flood in every day from villages hundreds of miles away dulled by hunger driven beyond the point of desperation recording the effect of those words and images 20 years later so Bob Geldof with his customary use of forthright and strong language focused on the motivation for Young People's philanthropy it was a phenomenon not because it was a good record but it was your membership card this was your say and I'm not going along with this there's not much I can do I don't know how to stop someone having to undergo this nightmare. But I'm not party to this are not complicit into this mass murder I'm really not how do you know example in this fuck you you know there was a real rage an unearned or it wasn't was she charity hey give some of the really wasn't because you can't harness wishy washiness channeling anger followed the examples of Devlin hate and the anti Nazi league but despite this remarkable success single issue music campaigns had limits by the mid eighties Margaret Thatcher claimed to have brought about an economic transformation at home and was impatient with those she thought were unwilling to recognize it in the work being done to stand stick to success don't just think that's the way to persuade more companies to come to this region and get more jobs and. Keep unemployment not always standing as meaning. Nothing they seem to be able to stop the relentless rise in unemployment to a post-war record level of more than $3000000.00 many under the age of $25.00 while acknowledging the pain felt in many parts of the country William Hague by then in his mid twenty's didn't doubt the long term value of the economic policies I certainly believed as did Margaret Thatcher that this was a necessary process that the British economy needed pretty radical and determination to push it through and you know the young people at that time and I we lost many of our supporters or lost many of our fellow travellers I suppose but a lot still stuck with Margaret Thatcher saw it through and I was one of those. In the mood to. Disprove instilling. This new new. No new leads the. Son. Of God and. Emblematic of the ideological struggle between left and right was the battle between Margaret Thatcher and the trade unions which came to a climax during the year long mine a strike in 1984 led by author Scargill. National Executive Committee to plan the proposed troika next Stoffel and in any other in which take similar action as official. This is a modest rundown. They're going to reduce the capacity by about 4000000 pounds out of about 101000000. People coming in for. The past few minutes Miss Howes mountain breaks another missing piece that would have been going on here heard the police corps music outside the Green. Nike images that pitched battles between strikers and police affected the trade unionists father of Clive Lewis now Labor M.P. For north south then a schoolboy as he became a full time official around about 19031904 that was also coincided with a minor strike. And that I remember was a really difficult time my household was very politicized by my dad and my granddad if you can cast your mind back to that period it was what was seen at the time as an existential threat they threw everything they had it and so I remember my dad spending long hours doing food collections for the miners and he was very angry I remember watching that the riots on television the police charges and what I remember at middle school so by this time I was 11 or 12 I remember there was a young lad whose dad was a police officer and he was enough I think in Northampton Shipley's where I was going to school and they were busing police in all over to police the strikes and he was very pro Fasher the mine is a scam they need to be dealt with this is about law and order and this was in an English press and this then became a debate between me and it was also it was almost as if my father was sat there and his dad was sat there and this big debate what we've been able to grasp was taking place and it took over the whole of the English class just as bricks it is the defining political event of our times so in 1984 the miners' strike required even school peoples to take a firm position at this time labor was struggling to present itself as a party ready for government conservative William Hague you have to be where the power and in the United Kingdom Westminster is where the power lies and so if you're going to effect positive change and that's where you have to be and Neil Kinnock Labor weren't at least not in sufficient numbers galvanizing younger voters to reject that cheer ism and support Labor seemed to offer the way to change that after the comprehensive defeat inflicted on office Scargill the chosen vehicle was read wage and among its founders was the musician Billy Bragg it was a matter of. Thinking what are we going to do to take on the forces of such resentment into them on a strike we want profits will quiet just give up what else can we do the next obvious thing was a nice 7 general election and it seemed like it might sense to me to be organizing tools and I was 1st on mechanic actually you know Margaret Thatcher had no grasp of popular culture whatsoever but can it could be a member of Jane Vincent fan club so he was aware of the power of pop music she can buy an idea take that ribbon from your head. Shake it to loosen it for I was quite impressed but part of why he could not only do you know the words to help me make it I did not but he could apply as well which is often the incredibly impressive or. Elderly may get through this and this was heaven sent opportunity I saw it as a gateway to a younger generation happily Of course they were labor as well as rock N roll Well that was the hope a cultural movement incorporating political songs comedy and performances by among others Paul Weller Jimmy some of ill and Phil Jupitus then known as Porky the poet when youth and labor 1st mingled under this bonnet though things were a little awkward Billy Bragg and Phil Jupitus talked to the writer and comedian John a thorough in his personal history as read wage broadcast on Radio 4 in 2005. We would have the piece and started we would introduce interview with his name we sent him into the foyer and I'd be there for us to get people to come and talk to me if I wanted to how did the M.P.'s feel about all this but anxious about how it came across that they feel they should put their jeans on for the pop concert in the evening that I came dressed as formally as same pace and they did look like bank managers will be young bank manager. I think people recognize that you know they were making an effort and so you know we only ask them to stand at the bar for you in Iraq cause I know it cannot be think about it the M.P.'s were kind of stood there and it was a little bit like you know if anyone is a party in their mom's there is a bit like that you know just sort of standing around at the back on everybody I would have told them sometimes it worked really work number one the top rank impermanent we were actually leaving the gig and they're taking the stage down when they're in a coma on the one of the lights which Clare Short to market one of the cigars arguing animatedly with a spark of chalk Punk's about some issue I mean they want argue not to be they were deep in some sort of political argument that was exactly to me what we read which would be about. Young people and then piecing seats all with cigars have seldom been a natural fit Labor M.P. Clive Lewis who was a teenager at this time at knowledge is that Red Wedge was an important influence for those already inclined to support the cause but ultimately it didn't bring the walls tumbling down Red Wedge and all that came from that played a really important part on the kind of fight back seen of the left of the N.C. Racist movement of the labor movement the wider labor movement but actually that's kind of broken and it hasn't reformed I mean you know now you've got elements of grime and you've still got Billy Bragg still going but at that scene has never developed in the way that it did in the 1980 S. And it failed anyway and it ultimately you could say it failed but it certainly gave a whole generation of people some fantastic record collection. We were already playing in solidly labor areas and when I went to him to can talk to me real great when we were in Newcastle she said to me you know why. Playing children and and the Home Counties and the headline was. The musician Tom Robinson with a telling admission the writer and performer Junior get skim detected deeper difficulties with the read which project was like you know this is rubbish total rubbish if we get people to align themselves with the Labor Party but the Labor Party isn't doing anything for them then we're a mockery we're just standing there trying to ensure that they get into power and there's nothing really concerning the young issues that they were really prepared to take on board a pointed critique of how red wage was seen at the time it didn't really address what was at the heart of the anger and frustration for mentoring in many black communities across the U.K. V.M.E. Representation in the House of Commons was virtually nil and that bred resentment at what felt like exclusion and disenfranchisement although the riots of the early to mid 1980 S. Had been largely driven by a canonic backed is for some young people it wasn't just the economy it was about hope and not having any other cultural and social undercurrents which had been bubbling away for some time we're now coming to the surface. Where. Disaffected youth were hit by rising joblessness a sense of being marginalized from society and a feeling heritage by a mainly white police force trust between the police and young people on some of Britain's toughest estates had all but collapsed where heavy handedness could easily be read as provocation on the 4th of October 9095 grandmother Cynthia Jarrett died when police raided her house. Sent shock waves through black community . Policing I'm told was far more always been an issue and been an increasing issue at the time and I was sorry if we remember Cherry gross got shot the week prior to that so obviously feelings are running extremely high the community felt that we were under attack on the world they were attacking our mothers and it was totally absolutely and totally unacceptable we think it's a very angry meeting on the. Water falling we actually used to discuss what has happened to. A bunch of calming down. Extremely angry and very hostile Sharon wife of local council leader Bernie Grant he died in the year 2000 B.B.C. Reporter Kurt bowling compiled a film which looked back at how Bernie Grant came to prominence following the Tottenham riots the hostility that to Rupp did that fateful night in 1985 in violent clashes with the police culminated in the killing of P.C. Keith Blakelock Bernie Grant was accused of having inflame the situation and he became an a tourist figure to political opponents shout out the Despicable Me We're sick of you there was only one word which occurred to me that he is evil but black youth in Tottenham regarded him as speaking up for them. To leave. I think he said hey I think maybe what he said does things right maybe because he's hurt because we don't get a lot of justice in this country so you know it just means he's mine I think there is a guy puts himself in the forefront and being as you put yourself in forefront you must get kicked you must get. There are a number of people young blacks. people who are been discarded by the society who i not only are don't help a jug would have no hope of ever getting a joke and those people i'm concerned about 2 years later bernie grant was to speak up they his community in parliament when he was elected has their n p he was joined in the commons by poor boateng to keith bad as and the new member for hack new northen stake newington diane abbott is the mariah that had a seismic a fact at the time but people were very much margin bridge society and suddenly you happiest television pictures of british cities burning because black people taken to the streets and issues about black representation very much came to the for dion abbott on desert island discs in 2008 but speaking to kirsty young she indicated to that she already knew what she was after when early a going for a job interview in white tall nam's this big room in a big round table with 5 very serious people and the chav was dame mary wrong saw sat down the my frilly smock amok be some were pearly hat and ray want lean forward and said to me why to want to become my soup of suffer and so i sat up straight it's all more colds bubbled and i said because our want power and all of cancer do you measure as because it was a because it was a contrasts but i got snow mary warnock son afterwards and he set the she said but that was the right amounts in some ways dion abbott's journey to where the power lay was a classic success story graham a school to cambridge university into the elite civil service and then westminster but her party still hadn't got its hands on power something she clearly craved in fact john major a pulled off an improbable victory in 1992 The highest vote ever recorded for a political party at a general election not long afterwards West Street today a Labor M.P. Was just starting secondary school one of the things that politicised meant she was growing up in a relatively poor background living in a council estate with a single parent family and remembering some of the things that were said about families like mine by some of the leading figures of the day and I remember in particular something I am Widdecombe it said about single parents and I was thinking about 11 or 12 very early on in secondary school I remember going to school library writing a letter it's pretty haven't got any more married to this really kind of heartfelt letter saying how hurtful it was to hear a family like mine described in that why. I . Remember myself in a group of young people going to the ballot box in 97 still relatively young at the time and there was such a sense of hope some of the people had never really had any memory of a Labor government and I remember a real sense of excitement we couldn't quite believe we were going to do it but we kind of knew that we probably were I remember young people with deeply excited I think people are tired of the Conservative Party I didn't think they offered them anything any kind of hope and people wanted something new so was a huge quake I wouldn't say so but I would say it was definitely a quake of some kind and I haven't experienced that in. Clive Lewis New Labor was about to have its moment in the sun and Tony Blair the younger more modern brand of politics it found its cultural expression in Cool Britannia an image that was tarnished soon after his 2nd landslide victory in 2001 from a the Iraq war is one of those things where the further you move on from it. The more of a catastrophic decision and reckless error of judgment I think it's proven to be didn't mobilize young people at that time was it an earthquake to some extent in terms of youth response to politics yes although not in a good way for the Labor Party minute turned a whole load of people off Labor politics and they turned to other parties like that were Democrat but people were motivated people were interested people were talking about it around a 1000000 people March on London opposed to war in Iraq a sea of protesters Hyde Park has the largest ever time rally thousands more demonstrating 600 cities around the world but Tony Blair argues there's a moral case for ousting Saddam. They came with a profound sense of purpose convinced that they represent the true feelings of Britain and determined to send a message to Tony Blair which he will ignore at his peril. At home it was another issue entirely directly affecting young people that forced West Street briefly to quit the party I left the Labor Party temporarily over Iraq contrition fees I came back very quickly when I thought I'm going to win it was a point of being outside and you got to be and it's win it so go back it did shake my faith in politics a bit and in politicians I think it was the tradition fees thing that hit me more than anything else of all hang on a minute that is clear in black and white in our manifesto we will not introduce top up fees and have legislated to prevent them it is so burned in my memory that I can recite it word for word as I just did and I thought it was fundamentally wrong for governments or break his promise to the people in the way that it did his stance on tuition fees was consistent with a recent battle he didn't stick gated using social media in a campaign to scrap graduate bank charges I did something was very revolutionary back in 20067 I set up a Facebook page to campaign against the US Bill so old I was like a better way so can I. So really cares now but it was so cutting edge at the time because base what happened was H.S.B.C. Decided they were going to charge new charges on graduate bank accounts and basically pull the wool out from under your feet with the interest free overdraft as soon as you graduated it was actually going to cost graduates hundreds of pounds and I also knew it was going to set a precedent so our supper Facebook page because we're in the summer and students are gone home mobilised students and it was cited as the 1st example of social media being used to change the behavior of multinational corporations because we rallied numbers got customers going into banks and shutting their H.S.B.C. Accounts in protest and then we threatened in a good old fashioned way a good on us demo outside H.S.B.C. Headquarters and they surrendered and they also gave us 300000 pounds to fund some student experience research So success for a youthful prince of Facebook across the political divide the conservative queen of Instagram Liz Truss one of Boris Johnson's principal advocates and a member of his cabinet thinks the digital age empowers today's youth social media means that anybody who's got a platform you can sit in your bedroom in Blackpool online and you can contribute to the national debate in a way that you weren't able to before and some people criticise that and they say Twitter is a cesspit except except or I think is given a voice to lots of people you previously What able to contribute to national debate so I think that's very exciting How are you going to inject it that element of fun into the Tory party in conservative politics. The reason I join doing Instagram is I enjoy expressing my thoughts and views about the world it's a way of communicating and you can't get other people to do it for you it has to be your a voice I think that's what works so it's about getting more of my colleagues to think in that way and interact in that way and that's a difficult shift because politics has been free this sort of phase of lives to taken people being on message so when she thirsted for office in her mid twenty's did list trust agree with burna debt Devlin that Westminster was the place where things happen yes you still do she's right and they still do that's definitely true and I think one of the reasons that we haven't necessary appeal to enough young people is we've been too managerial too technocratic talked about statistics and that's not what gets people excited about politics is not what got me excited about politics we're all young once and many of us me included believe that at some point we have the capacity to change the world for the better but do young M.P.'s like Wes treating regret missing out on the 1960 S. With God It is the time of the political youth quake that resulted in lasting reforms reflecting on it no actually I don't think I missed out by do feel like I'm a massive beneficiary of it you know I'm I'm an openly gay M.P. You know parliament has got more openly gay legislators than any other in the world and I would not be in this position were not for the enormous changes that took place as a result of social movement born out of the sixty's that then dying political expression whether through the decriminalization of homosexuality right through to all of those Lamarck legends of changes that took place under New Labor there were there astonishingly when you think about it given the history built upon by the coalition government and even now you know I spend most of my time voting against the concern. Government but recently I was able to support a conservative government introducing a law for compulsory sex and relationships education that's inclusive of all G.B.T. Relationships I mean that is a remarkable social change I don't know what went on the sixty's. But the eighty's was a massive time of social revolution when I was growing up there was definitely a feeling that women have been held back even then and we were going to fight for new opportunities and freedom and what I think misses that to not necessarily intentionally did is be unleashing market forces across Britain by creating more economic opportunities she also created a. Social Freedom I think young people freedom more than they want free things but Clive Lewis thinks today the terms of the debate a shifting profoundly for young people is this notion of progress my generation and your generations will probably always assume that we will have a higher standard of living than our parents you know that would be a career for us a job that we would have a pension that was decent and fast evaporated you know whether it's housing pension job and now you add to that climate whether fighting for new rights or defending those one by previous generations much of today's youth has been mobilized by the movement to curb climate change their champion a 16 year old Swedish schoolgirl Gretta turned for way too long the politicians and the people of power have gotten away with not doing anything at all to fight the climate crisis and the ecological crisis but we will make sure that they will not get away with it any longer. And we will never stop fighting we will never stop fighting for this planet and for ourselves our futures for the futures of our children and grandchildren was. The parliament is still the crucible for lawmaking but it's perhaps now more reactive to external pressures and the global nature of campaigns like climate change in the political situation we're in now or the BRICS it Westminster is having to improvise in uncharted waters with the general election possibly just a few weeks away and reportedly nearly a 1000000 young people newly registering to vote will they make a difference to the outcome. Based on what we've heard in this program probably not looking ahead though I suspect young people may have to go above and beyond parliament to achieve their political goals and aspirations. The fast political youth quite close presented by joke the party said was Simon cuts in the next hour we continue Proust's epic tale of time memory and love in Search of Lost Time is coming up after the news. In a short story there's no room for redundancy it's more than the vent the journey so you have to bring the reader immediately into the world the writer Cullen Jones and the author Daisy Johnson the best short stories stay with us the way our favorite novels do both judges for the B.B.C. National short story A would be for me is brevity each word working as hard as it possibly can and to be moved by the story we were reading the 5 shortlisted entries in this year's B.B.C. National Short Story Award with Cambridge University the most important thing with the story is that it takes risks on B.B.C. Radio 4 Monday to Friday afternoon this week at $330.00. B.B.C. News at 9 o'clock the Foreign Office says it's deeply troubled by reports that an Iranian oil tanker at the center of tensions between terror around and the West appears to have moved very close to Syria satellite images show the vessel lying just off the port of Tartus a condition for its release by authorities in Gibraltar was that the cargo wouldn't go to Syria the chair of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee Tom Toobin had said he was disappointed but not surprised this is exactly why the vessel was impounded that we've known for many months that the Iranian regime is quite literally fueling the war in Syria in this case with crude but in other parts with weapons ammunition and other forms of logistical support So this is hugely disappointing and demonstrates again why the United was right to impound the vessel and Baltar and wrong to release it pressure is growing on Boris Johnson to make clear he did bide by legislation requiring him to seek a further break that extension if there's no deal with the E.U. a Group of conservative M.P.'s are preparing legal action if the prime minister refuses to legal experts have warned that he could face jail if he doesn't Russia and Ukraine have completed a prisoner swap involving 70 detainees which is hoped to ease tensions among those freed were Ukrainian sailors and a man who Dutch prosecutors want to speak to about the downing of a Malaysian air waves passenger plane in 2040. A U.S. Congressional committee is investigating President Trump over a potential conflict of interest in Scotland it says spending on fuel at Prestwick airport by the American military has increased substantially since he took office the airport which is close to Mr Trump's Golf Resort is fighting off closure. The family of a 6 year old boy who was allegedly thrown from a balcony at the Tate Modern say he's making amazing progress they say the child can't speak or move his body but he's been smiling and laughing the 17 year old boy has been charged with attempted murder B.B.C. News and now a 2nd chance to catch up with our production of Marcel Proust vivid tale of time love art and memory Marcel Proust In Search of Lost Time adapted from the French by Timberlake wouldn't take part 2 Swan many years after I left convoy I was go to the love affair in which Swan being involved before I was born with the precision of detail is often easier to obtain in the lives of pieces he will use for house although I'm surprised you think that is socialist not the whole reason to me one day have to be. Other taken up with the work on.