Genea Lemmon was struck on the chin by a coin thrown from the crowd towards the end of a heated Edinburgh Darby in the Scottish Premiership it happened immediately after the leaders hearts had a goal disallowed in stoppage time the game finished nail nail Arsenal will host Tottenham in the League Cup quarter finals after they beat Blackpool and West Ham respectively Chelsea edged out Darby County $32.00 in their 4th round tie and will now meet Bournemouth in the last 8 Middlesborough will face Burton after getting past Crystal Palace by a single goal Chelsea women how much fear and team a 6 nil away to win their last 16 tie 7 mil on aggregate in the Champions League Frank Kirby scored a hat trick England rugby league Captain Sean O'Laughlin has agreed a one year contract extension with Wigan Warriors and an emergency Anti Doping summit at the White House heard athletes have been failed by the World Anti-Doping Agency the meeting called for an inquiry into the claims of bullying at the organization and an overhaul of waters governance this is B.B.C. Radio 5 Live on digital B.B.C. Sound Smart speak out on. This day's weather and rain in central and eastern areas will clear eastwards throughout the day otherwise the U.K. Will have sunny spells for the few showers in the West highs of 12 degrees Celsius in London 8 in Edinburgh. Was. Should since his newest podcast phenomenal was. You've heard nothing like it before the classic American story really just going on exclusively on P.C.'s us. From. On AM and F.M. Around the U.K. On digital and online I'm Roger Sharpe were up all night 2 days after the Pentagon announced that over $5000.00 U.S. Regular army troops are not of Judea being dispatched to the country's border with Mexico President chum up the ante again in one of those encounters with reporters the president claimed will go up to anywhere between $10.15 military personnel on top of Border Patrol ice and everybody else those extra troops will be in for a bit of a wait the 2 so-called counterevidence of possible asylum seekers are currently in southern Mexico covering 20 miles a day which would be some go in the 1st of them will arrive in mid December the day before the 1st troops are due to leave. All over Britain it's 5 past 25 past 10 and Susannah Marie Michigan the suit was christened by the missionary father Zach Marquette in the days when it was a real waterfall then the Army Corps of Engineers reduced to a series of 4 huge locks the longest and busiest in the world 5 past 9 at Boston or North Dakota chiefly distinguished for the world's largest turtle model made from tractor tires 5 past 8 in Shelby Montana where town boosters learned a lesson some 70 years ago they built a huge stadium for the 1923 world heavyweight fight between Jack Dempsey and Tommy givens but most of the crowd stayed away after Dempsey threatened to cancel them say one Shelby didn't. 5 percent of the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington State the spike more recent attempts elsewhere the serous Well you know a construction project is still the largest concrete structure in the United States our news comes from C.B.S. . This piece P S News on the hour. I'm Pam Colter as he campaigns hard to maintain Republican control of Congress President Trump is emphasizing border security and promising to send a huge number of U.S. Military troops to the southern border our military is out we have about $5008.00 will go up to anywhere between $10.15 military personnel on top of Border Patrol. And everybody else at the border nobody is coming in Mr Trump insists he's not fear mongering by raising the alarm about the caravan of migrants headed to the U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis defends the deployment of troops we don't do stunts he says it's practical support requested by Customs and Border Protection the suspect in the shooting massacre at a Pittsburgh synagogue is facing dozens of criminal charges C.B.S. Is Bill rake off report the federal grand jury returned a 44 count indictment against Robert Bowers for the killing of 11 worshippers at the Tree of Life Synagogue last Saturday U.S. Attorney Scott Brady said in a statement today begins the process of seeking justice for the victims of these hateful acts and healing for the victims' families the Jewish community and our city Bowers remains behind bars in the Butler County Jail about 30 miles north of Pittsburgh he faces a pullin area hearing on the charges in federal court tomorrow they'll rake off C.B.S. News 3 victims of the synagogue shooting are hospitalized and their conditions are improving Dr Donald Uli is head of emergency medicine at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center I think overall the prognoses are good for all the patients including the 3 that were made by each and. I'm in a varying we will have a different trajectory and likely require a series of ongoing there stocks are battling back after losses wiped away all of this year's gains the Dow was up 241 points today and NASDAQ gained 144 market analyst Hugh Johnson investors are starting to get their courage back or are willing to simply conclude that look it looks to me as so now the economy is going to continue to expand there's joy in Boston. Huge crowds filled the streets to cheer the world champion Red Sox whose victory parade kicked off from Fenway Park confetti cannon showered team members and fans with red white and blue paper as the parade made its way through the city because this is Hala we many in the crowd dressed up in costume including Panda and dinosaur outfits comicbook and Disney characters this was the red Scott Sox's 4th World Series championship in 15 years this is C.B.S. News Kanye West may be done with politics just weeks after delivering rambling statements of a White House and hugging President Trump it's hard to get here from our way Kanye West tweets he's been used by politicians he says he's distancing himself from politics this comes after a Twitter exchange with a conservative pundit who suggested he was linked to a campaign called Blacks it which tries to draw African-Americans from their longstanding support of Democrats My eyes are wide open now he tweets and he says he'll focus on music and fashion Steve Case and C.B.S. News a plant whose odor is described as a dead animal or dirty diaper started blooming today in a greenhouse at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire it's the 1st time it's Bloom since 2011 buttons decorated the corpse flower with bats spiders and an arm reaching out of the soil in honor of hollowing Pam Colter C.B.S. News. Nobody is coming in President Trump said defending his decision to send thousands of soldiers to the U.S. Southern border the president says this will protect Americans from the estimated 3000 likely asylum seekers making their way through Mexico from one jurors some of accused Mr Trump of tried to gender up Republican votes ahead of next week's midterms defense secretary Jim matters says the Pentagon doesn't do stunts Well we're joined by Todd Harrison director of the aerospace Security Project and defense budget analysis at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. It's a complicated one this isn't that Mr Harrison and in what sense would the army be protecting America from a group of a group of people who are us a sense they asylum seekers and possibly refugees. Yeah well you know that is the big question and you know what the what the military would actually be doing is they would be loaning personnel they be effectively loaning personnel to a different government agency because the military is not in charge of securing the borders as the job of the Department of Homeland Security so what would be happening is the military would be giving about $5000.00 additional personnel to the Department of Homeland Security to use for their border security mission so they would just be loaning these personnel they would not be really acting in a military role and any sense they would be doing border security of some kind. And one of his men a prime spots on this will come back to some of the other ones the president promised the people who are on something nice tense can we assume that a lot of the soldiers would be preparing the reception village or these reception centers that the president seems to have in mind. I mean that is that is one possibility of course that presumes that. The caravan actually makes it to the border and makes it into U.S. Soil but you know one of the things that the military brings is the ability to do logistics and especially to set up field operations very quickly to set up tents to set up medical units and things of that nature so those are the some some of the skills that the military does bring that could be used by the Department of Homeland Security. On the other hand the president says that nobody's coming in but comes in all the way immigration works is if you apply for asylum. You apply for asylum. Well all right and that is supposed to be treated separately you know it's not as if they would be arriving you know with a visa or looking to apply for visas for work or or something like that they would be applying for asylum and so that's a separate process or immigration. And you know there are laws and there are regulations about how that is governed that you know extend beyond what just this president can do as you said I mean 5000 seems to be on the low side now according to the president of the number of troops but even if it is just 5000 on the sea 1000 migrants that's that's like Pascal Sabbaths for every migrant I'm calling them I go that's probably not the right word but let's call them refugees you know Pascal Savage for every one of them. A member of the United States armed forces. Well and that's part of why is is you know raising questions here in the United States is why this number the last number I've seen it was a little more than 5200 troops were going to be deployed for this mission and it does seem like more than you would need if really the focus was just this caravan of course you know that that's not necessarily what these troops will be doing they'll just be supplementing the Department of Homeland Security for whatever the parliament determines they might be needed for. Part of it raises suspicions why this number why so many and why now the timing of it all given that this announcement is happening just a week before the midterm elections here in the United States and their deployment is only right now it's only projected to last around mid December where is the caravan may not be arriving until after that because because it's so quite a long way from where they are in the size of Mexico and then all young men eyes out on that as a loss of grannies and and babies. And I mean that is the nature of asylum seekers is you know they they are not necessarily you know young fit people can you can be highly mobile and they often do not come with a lot of resources either and you know this is going to be a slow journey if they make it to the border it's going to be a while. As far as they soldiers themselves are can set. It is how unusual was it to isolate deploy the regular army. On active duty within the landing of the United States. There are laws in restrictions on how you can do that you cannot use active duty military forces for law enforcement purposes within the United States that is not allowed it is not entirely without precedent to use the military to supplement border security and in fact President Obama and President George W. Bush have done something similar to this in the past although I believe they use National Guard troops which is different than using active duty military but it's still using military personnel of one kind to help supplement border security so you know it's not entirely without precedent I would say that there are a couple of issues with using active duty personnel one is it actually costs less money for the military because these folks are already getting you know full time pay and benefits anyway whereas if you call up troops from the National Guard they were not going to get full time pay otherwise and so that you know once you put them on on active duty then you do incur full time pay and benefits and so that is an added cost so a cost a bit more if you want to activate National Guard troops to do this mission the other factor though is there's an opportunity cost when you take active duty military personnel who are trained for military mission and you put them on a deployment like this where they're doing something else that takes time away from their training and so it actually reduces their readiness and means that they're not going to be available if some sort of a military contingency comes for which they're needed to this is actually going to degrade the readiness of this part of our Army of our force structure for some period of time so there's an opportunity cost that comes with this. But hasn't fantasy to talk to sank YOU SO MUCH THANK YOU I COULD BE THERE WAS A quick look in the morning papers and while I said before that let me just tell you another story because obviously we just had Halloween and you know kids and our mums and dads been going from house to house sometimes strangers houses asking for sweet words not usually the kind of behavior that you'd encourage but experts now feel some of the stranger danger message of the eighty's was counterproductive and it made children too fearful of the world while the child abduction by a stranger remains very rare so a new safety message has been developed that is being used by schools and Hampshire and it aims to keep children safe while also keeping them confident some experts still have reservations to go short reports. Like a little girl. You want to hit me with a thing about this. Stranger Danger it's a strong chilling message that has been given to children down the generations for many parents it's ingrained in the psyche because videos like these commissioned by the Home Office were played in schools up and down the country in the seventy's and eighty's you don't want to end up dead or in hospital you know what to do say no to strangers. The Stranger Danger message has fallen out of fashion in recent years but now a charity called action against abduction thinks it has developed an updated more effective message to protect children which will also make them less afraid of the world it's called. Clever never goes has been developed by the charity's director Jeff numerous who used to work at the Home Office is scaring children is a very poor way of keeping them safe we have to give our children the tools to manage risk as they get older. Jeff knew as has been signing up schools in Hampshire to his alternative clever never goes message for the past 2 years more than 150 have now agreed with approval from safeguarding children's boards and Hampshire police the workshop to deliver the message has been developed a croft and Hammond infant school. Its new plan for the robots clever the robot is the star of the workshop which is made up of a series of videos here's a dial on his chest called his go spotter that decides whether a situation is safe unsafe or something the middles be wary of there are some elements very similar to the old stranger danger videos that kind of want to jump in the car concentrates in here. OK now but they say. On Monday. Of course the very. Clear message remains that children need to move away and tell a trusted adult in that kind of incident however there are also scenarios where children are told it is OK to be engaging with a stranger for example a dog walker in the park in one video approaches some children and makes friendly conversation rhizomes Bangor going to give you a train and go on Iraq if you like children are told that this is essential is safe so did he say anything about going ready with him who. Was he being just a friend a yeah this ties in with an important message from the workshops lots of people are strange and something that we don't know but lots of people are very kind people and very friendly people and we can talk to them and the friendly crucially in a later scenario almost the same thing happens with the dog walker but he goes on to ask the children to go with him don't come with me and take him for a walk that's when the message changes he's all standing to go with him and now it's not good is that remember what we say. Instead of a blanket fear of strangers the new focus is on the moment the police called the lure children must learn never to go with people when it is an unexpected arrangement and this includes not only strangers but say the parent of a friend this is designed to reflect the fact that more child abduction offenses are committed by people already known to the child than by complete strangers although many experts in this field say the stranger danger message is outdated There are also reservations about this new approach Dr Gina Sherwood is principal lecturer in childhood studies at Portsmouth University I think the tag clever never goes implies a child responsibility to keep themselves safe and if they did make a mistake it would be as if they were not clever. That's a bit of an issue really because this is about trying to build a child's self-esteem and an identity in confidence she also thinks there is a risk that grooming could take place over time if strangers have repeated contact with children without necessarily asking them to go anywhere with them on each occasion it is really important to state this at this point without the research it cannot really be endorsed by academics Geoff News's ambition is to make clever never goes a national program a necessary upgrade he thinks to an out of date message he hopes it will keep children safer but also make them less afraid of the world around them when you look back at the stranger danger message I think there was a sense that actually a bit of fear will do the only harm and I just assume actually a bit of fear just knocks her confidence. Try and remember the New Message clever never goes looking for natural times if you're close to Jagger Landrover as a story in the F.T. Was won't be good news because they've launched a 2 and a half 1000000000 dollar Turner a 2 and a half 1000000000 pound turnaround program and all those stories about job losses are Jagmohan are Landrover are likely to be coming back over the next days and weeks so you know hang on to your hats the Daily Express says that it's had word from Dominic Rob that there will be a brick set deal in just 3 weeks 21 days as the Daily Express we've been lucky actually the back page of the Express with sports editor Tim Go is dominated by Frank Lampard has returned to staff a bridge he's now manager of Darby and as these things tend to happen a cultural sends him back there. Only weeks after he's taken the job it seems. He's held in such high regard and he was given a wonderful welcome by the Chelsea fans and a very dramatic mass to be and goes and. They lost 32 but it was a huge thing cursing performance to a young man is it's a setting out on this road is Chelsea or oversee in tremendous form it was a little bit of a change sides for them but nonetheless to lose only 3 to. Premier League this side for a Championship club that's a pretty impressive performance so you can take great heart from the well this is the darbies primary focus is to get back to the Premier League for next season and I think you can take an awful lot of hope from this now the the dreadful crash at the weekend of course is still saddening so many people and all are entre not just Unless they're. Talking to. The son of the witch here well well he issued a statement through Instagram. I think he's been rather taken aback by just how much warms and how much love his father was held in the respects that he was held in or all through the football world and I think all through the city it does seem to resonate all the way through we've. Spoke on 5 Live over the weekend about this in the fact that here was an owner who was a real rarity in the fact that he knew that he wasn't just taking on a football club but he was almost adopting a city when he took charge of the club and he understood the importance of the club to the people not just the people who supported it but to the city that it was its home as well and I think if you look at you know the tributes that have been paid to him how many people are still going to what has become almost a shrine to stadium. Pictures today of Peter Shilton the. Less that legend. Visiting. The scene of the crash and the flower of this sea of flowers outside the stadium I think his son has already a very proud man he says that you know his father was his role model and I think he's been very taken aback by the worldwide response to this and I think everybody in the club worldly. Console to hear him say that. I have received a very big mission he says a legacy a legacy to pass on a 910 to it just so he feels that he can even extend the family's connection to both the club and the city and that he will not turn his back on the club which I think is something that people were hoping to hear and will be very glad. He did indeed. Well let's turn our attention to rugby and the place that Africa had the legal you're right right it's the start this weekend of the or cements nationals all the home nations are involved there's been a lot of speculation that with England on such a poor run recently and the World Cup Only year away quite how the Germans is going to respond he says that these 4 matches coming up against Africa Japan New Zealand and Australia he doesn't even need to win one these are just experimental but I think he needs at least 2 wins out of that just to kind of build some momentum after such a disappointing period. Had a dreadful 6 Nations campaign the last the summer series in South Africa and now speculation has been surrounding who he will play at flyhalf he has favors journals for the flower known fowle outside and inside sense that. Neil Squires my rugby correspondent understands that there will be a switch this Saturday when they take on South Africa and it will be 0 and fowle starting at 10 and then probably a very heavy weight midfield of Manitou or invent a outside him which marks a bit of a change to the Germans as approach and I think it shows that he is preparing to win monitor these tests at all costs rather than as he previously described as an experiment and you're marking the departure from the scene of Gethin Jenkins all over I mean it is an extraordinary servant not only to wells but the Lions and to the sport he's been right at the forefront of revolutionising front row player I think he's he was he's hard as nails it's just one of the most impressive individuals that I've ever had not quite the pleasure of interviewing but certainly being in his. And. He was dynamic and such a total mix figure for his team he's represented his country $129.00 times and he's been on 3 Lions tours. He's a hugely impressive man and I think he will be sorely missed although not obvious in contention for Wales anymore he's announced that Sunday's game 4 card it will be his last because his knee just won't let him play any more but he only has been very open about how rugby has changed in years that he has been playing. And he's saying that really can't see anyone having the same longevity as him because rugby is becomes punishing and so physical. That he can't imagine that someone could last that long. Term go on the redoubtable Gethin Jenkins and it's just after half past 2 on digital B.B.C. Sounds smart Spiegelman on various cities B.B.C. Radio 5 Live news comes from Liam Smedley from today specialist doctors in the cake can prescribe cannabis products to patients the rules were relaxed after a review into medicinal forms of the choke alley this year organized crime costs U.K. Economy 37000000000 pounds a year according to the National Crime Agency the N.C.A.A. Says it affects more people than all other national security threats combined the chief medical officer for England Professor Dany Sally Davis is a blaming fake news on social media for causing a lack of confidence in vaccines she says incorrect information online is causing a fall in children getting the N N R chap. A worldwide study suggests the amount of heat absorbed by the oceans in the past 25 years has been seriously underestimated researchers say it could be harder than previously thought to keep global warming within safe levels this century let's go the sport now with church Osaka here Bernie a manager Neil Lennon fell to the floor after being struck by a coin from the crowd during his team's goalless draw at leaders hearts during their Darby in the Scottish Premiership he explains what happened for example the coin on the chain saw it's on acceptable don't blame the club overseer you you can sort of blame anyone for an individual who is to really control and who wants to through things or people on a whole new football ground it's just totally unacceptable I hope the club or the authorities single might hope to get the meeting under Well reports that also suggest the hearts goalkeeper the Danica's Lamar Lowe was punched by a Hibs fan Celtic meanwhile are up to 2nd in the Scottish Premiership after a 5 nil win at Dun the Chelsea edged out Darby County $32.00 in their 4th round tie in the League Cup The dobie manager Frank Lampard took his current team to his all club of course we didn't dominate the game but we had more chances better chances after Sky We worked really hard some selfless work right by that same and also again shows here a strong team and they picked a strong team you know when I still can't America uncover church and William on the show you out here we go Well Chelsea will meet born within the last 8 Assn all and Tottenham will play each other in the quarter finals after beating Blackpool and West Ham respectively Middlesbrough beat Crystal Palace one nil they'll play burthen Albion next the full draw is on the B.B.C. Sport website Frank Kirby scored a hat trick as Chelsea women stormed into the Champions League quarter finals a 6 nil away win in the 2nd leg of their last 16 tie gave Chelsea a 7 L. Win on aggregate the F.A. Has risen to a number of non-league clubs warning they will be relegated if they don't make their dressing. Rooms larger new regulations coming in April will require clubs in the 7th and 8th tears to have dressing rooms of at least 800 square meters a number of clubs don't currently meet that so they'll be relegated if they fail to complete the work by the end of July Novak Djokovic will return to the top of the tennis world rankings for the 1st time in 2 years on Monday that's after the current number one Rafael Nadal pulled out of the Paris Masters with a muscle problem Nadal doesn't know if he'll be able to play in the season ending A.T.P. Tour finals later this month as I said hundreds of times I would love to be alone of course the most important thing for me is to be healthy to be healthy and had the chance to compete in weeks in a row and something that I was not able to do ready this year blank all in one event and with dating in 2 Matthew Stevens has had a huge win in the international championships Nuka in Dar Ching and knocking out the Chinese number one being June we the Welshman came back from 31 down to win 65 and reached the quarterfinals thing's been a bogey player when I would have got games like today was in the game I played in the battle of the end but 1st I'm a bit numb and to do it from 31 down in China as well as in I was really confident poster and Stevens will face Martin O'Donnell in the last 8 to Neil Robertson is through to face Mark Selby That's the latest from B.B.C. Sport. Premier League football and if anyone else says a small city coming to match against Manchester United on Sunday you shall see Crystal Palace You can slice foresee this is your full station and this is fine cross the U.K. This is B.B.C. 5. In his seemingly endless quest for hot button issues settle in large his political base make sure he's reelected President Trump had a big one this week he claimed that an executive order from his office would be enough to overturn. In the amendment to the U.S. Constitution which protects what's known as birthright citizenship claiming in an interview that the USA is the only country in the world where a person comes in and has a baby and the baby's essentially a citizen of the United States wasn't right on that as about 30 countries including Canada and Mexico offer birthright citizenship but he has generated a lot of discussion including by those who say that their interpretations of the protection offered by the amendment don't extend to temporary visitors who fly in have an American baby and go home Martha asked Jones is professor of history at Johns Hopkins University and author of the book birthright citizens as her special subject you might say Hello Professor Jones Hello Aloha nice nice to have you with us how did this all begin when was the amendment written and why was it written the 14th Amendment is written in the 860 S. In the years immediately following the U.S. Civil War and. The civil war has brought about an end to slavery the Constitution is amended to abolish slavery in 1965 but this freedom that is extended to former slaves does not really define their status before the law or before the Constitution and the 14th Amendment follows an 868 to for the 1st time in U.S. History expressly define who is a citizen and what we get as a result is a provision that makes every person born in the United States a citizen of the United States. And this was challenged I believe later in the century in San Francisco what was the what was happening there yes so there is a somewhat curious phrase in the 14th Amendment that exempts people who are not quote subject to the jurisdiction of the United States these people are exempted from the 14th Amendment and in the case of the children of Chinese immigrants this clause is tested the meaning of this cause is tested at the end of the 1900 centuries. A gentleman named Juan Kim Ark born in San Francisco to parents who are Chinese immigrants who cannot themselves become citizens of the U.S. But want him arc understands himself to be a birthright citizen pursuant to the 14th Amendment birthright provision he leaves the country re enters at a later time at the Port of San Francisco and he like many people of Chinese descent is detained at the border discerned to have been born in San Francisco but still said to be somehow accepted from the 14th Amendment by virtue of being someone without an allegiance. To the United States he takes his case to the U.S. Supreme Court in an 898 that court and equivocally concludes that one came are even if his parents are not U.S. Citizens he himself by virtue of birth is a citizen of the United States just as our former slaves and everyone born in the United States but there's a good precedent or to protect the amendment in the question of who is not subject to the jurisdiction of the courts I mean every British tourist who comes to the U.S. And gets a speeding ticket discovers that they are definitely subject to the jurisdiction of the court so. Who's not that is absolutely right what Congress has in mind when it drafts the 14th Amendment or 3 categories of people on the 1st are children born to foreign diplomats who just. By chance are born in the United States those children are not birthright citizens they are not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States as Congress understands it the 2nd group of people are. The children of occupying armies so here should the United States be occupied by a foreign army should there be children born in that context those children are also not birthright citizens not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States the 3rd category and perhaps the most important category for our conversation as Native Americans who in this mid 1900 century period still many many native people live within their own autonomous independent sovereign nations and the birthright citizenship provision does not extend to them though eventually it will but not until the 20th century. Could it be argued that this amendment was written at a time before jet travel made it so easy for intending mothers to come in from places like China on package tours as as we know happens have the baby get a certificate of citizenship and and then push a form Well I think that is probably underestimates. The dynamic MS and the mobility of the 1900 centuries United States which is to say with our major cities being coastal city seaports cities along the Atlantic and along the Gulf of Mexico and of course along the Pacific there is a great deal of exchange movement of people across and between borders this is not in the 1900 century certainly in mid 1900 centuries this is not a area of a special concern or attention for Congress immigration itself is not heavily regulated in the United States in this period and as a consequence Congress isn't thinking very hard about the question that you pose of course I would say that someone who enters the United States. On a tourist visa for example is an authorised immigrant even if it is someone who has only authorized for a limited period and what President Trump seems to be aiming at are the children of people who have immigrated into the United States without or authorization and so I think there's an important distinction that might be drawn either by the president or by the courts between those children of authorized immigrants as contrasted with the children of unauthorized error and I just ask you one last question because a lot of people have tended to write this off and say well can be done with the dream of Congress any way they can overturn a constitution. Amendment but but do you think that this could be headed for the courts to that it could be court arguments about any executive order that the president science and the people be talking over this kind of thing yeah absolutely in our structure it is the U.S. Supreme Court that has the final say on an interpretation of the 14th Amendment the Supreme Court has the authority to review an executive order an act of Congress or any other official edict that purports to interpret the Constitution but the president is if you will at liberty to issue an executive order I'm sure and he already imagine he might anticipate that he will find himself before a judge very quickly your listeners may recall a not so long ago when the president issued what is frequently referred to as a travel ban in the United States and those bands wound up in very short order before federal judges being subject to precisely this sort of constitutional scrutiny that only our courts can offer so the president has the latitude if you will to issue an executive order whether courts will sanction it whether courts will permit it to go into effect is another question Mr Jones thanks so much it's my pleasure thank you as Mother Jones who's Professor of History Johns Hopkins University author of the book birthright citizens. Well it's time to say goodbye to an old friend the sicko's shooting off in the general direction of the sun after nearly a decade of orbiting the sun and some other planets NASA has decided to retire the Kepler space telescope during its mission Kepler discovered more than 2000 planets and it stayed active for more than twice as long as it was originally meant to just say this is an exoplanet research gyro Bank Center for Astrophysics and it's fair to say the campus kept him busy I asked Josh how he and his colleagues feel about the end. It's more looking back with pride. We really had it with walk up a stop Kepler has gone way beyond what it was expected to do. And left us with a legacy of exoplanet research that we didn't know we'd be able to do so Kepler has discovered new types of planets that we didn't know existed because they're really surprisingly common sees a trip to sized planets so close to the star that they have is that last about 5 days that's so hot that it's instead of a watch the cycle they have been in the atmosphere that condenses and rains and have I and I and rain. Grief rain of molten that would be nice to know yeah tell us about Kaplan for a minute because Kepler was only supposed to run about 4 years wasn't it yes Kepler was it was I think about the 4th forfeits aeration of a sort of proposal for a space telescope and eventually NASA approved it it got launched in 2007 March of 2007 and it's basically its initial mission was to staff a very small patch of sky so if you hold out your arm and pull up a fast that is about the size of the patch of sky it's Spaniards for you is staring at and what it was doing was it was monitoring how brilliant all the stars in the patch of sky are over time and what you can do is if you have a planet that passes that is opening round a stop and you're monitoring its brightness and that planet goes between you and the stock it blocks out some light and so you see the star apparent. And so if you pop back if he if you look at that and see how the brightness of the star behaves at a time if. See a little periodic dimming So it very regularly you get this little dip you've just got a part that's what temple is doing as it was staring for 4 years or so. And discovered well by by the time it was done it had discovered over 2000 new planets which of facing as an amazing score as an I mean that yeah. Absolutely yeah I mean what happened to Kepler in the end that runs out of fuel but in the interim other things happened to it don't they it's a wonderful story of how all science changes and it doesn't always pan out how you plan so Kepler the way that they can set points that is they use things go reaction wheels you need 3 of them to be able to points in a particular direction this is like a gyroscope or something like that yeah yeah it's exactly that it's a gyroscope So couple has for there was a there was a spare one built in case in case of failure the 1st one actually broke in July 2012 so 3 years after it gone out because there are 3 left Caprica carry on. And then in May 23rd seen a 2nd we'll failed so they NASA lost the ability to points Kaplan at this same field and so this mechanic thought maybe to be the end of that initial mission NASA kind of went went to the scientific community and said you got any ideas is there a way that we can still use this telescope because at the end of the day it's a telescope we can look at other things with it but it's there is there a way that we can without being able to point set completely accurately can we still the science and what was eventually proposed was a mission that became name and known as K 2 which uses a really clever idea. Which is the idea that light light has momentum it can be used to push things. So what you can do is you can use the light from the sun to help stabilize cap. And side by cleverly or even saying it using the remaining Sue reaction wheels you were able to effectively replace that 3rd wheel with the sun. So what ended up happening was Kate who instead of looking this old patch started to look out various other things there were 19 separate campaigns all in all so each of these driven by the scientific community and cap was a wonderful example of how science is not a global it's a global industry everyone has to work together and suggest ideas and builds off each other so all of these 19 campaigns have various objectives some of the we still have planets about another $500.00 or so were found using some of the case a campaign So all in all capital found about $2600.00 new planets which is 70 percent the ones that we know so it's been phenomenal phenomenally successful but it's also gone off and looked at stars supernovae. And that get it galactic science it's been an incredible soul. That has done so much more than was originally planned being NASA I don't suppose they planned for Kepler to fail without putting from house up so what's what's doing cappers job no tax the transiting accept planet 7 a satellite was launched a few months ago and is the same method planet section is kept it does so this transit method and Kepler was really interesting for a we know planet so their point of view but again it looks only at this very small patch of sky. Is going to look at the entire sky and excitingly for me for my science we know that every stall it's monitoring will be one that you can look at from the ground because cap was limited in its fields of V.A. It looked very faint stars. Even once you found the planet you know it was orbiting ready a star. You couldn't do any follow up from the ground you could try and work out what it is made up because you couldn't see it everything to. Fein's So Texas is thought to be is predicted to discover maybe $20000.00 planets every single one of them is going to be a planet that we can attempt to do work on we can try and work out what it's made out of we can look at is it one of these planets with iron rain is it perhaps a sister of the earth is it perhaps something like sets that we can do that science with every single planet settle. They season the end searching for other planets is just the end of the beginning Kepler was a fantastic. Pathfinder almost I mean it was it was an amazing machine in office. But Tess opens up a whole new round of possibility for us science. From Georgia buying. We're joined by Bianca McGrady you know who's been reading arrived and has been fascinated by a story that would apparently achieve the impossible which is to say getting pandas to May be anchor. I know it's a bit of a punch line is that the idea of the difficulty of getting creatures in captivity to mate in the Panda seems to always be at the the bottom of the joke but it turns out that The Love Song of the panda could actually be a very important element of success in their copulation and I guess you know. We we shouldn't be surprised by this Tom Jones is kind of I think living proof of this but you know we know that mammalian vocal signals are used to attract mites but what we haven't really understood particularly in the case of PANDAS is how those vocalizations impact mating behavior and also success and so a tame of US and Chinese scientists have actually read recording these panda vocalisations Jaring and before and during 6 to see if that has any kind of I guess relationship to the success shall we say of the encounter and so they the study involves 23 adult giant pandas so miles and 15 fame outs who House today research in conservations had her china and what they noticed was that there's 5 different coal typesetters bleats chips moderns box and rolls he says you know quite diverse and and they found that the sort of the pre copulation phase the kind of I guess the foreplay if we could kind of anthropomorphize it a little bit of a successful breeding introductions both in miles and fame OWS were bleating and this was a common fame and so that suggests that this bleating has something to do with successful breeding outcomes also female moans which you know I think we can probably all agree with this right. That's associated with successful outcomes but what's interesting is fame our role was we're not sane jury in any of the pre kind of precaution lation phase of successful breeding interactions so they said that this type of cold females roaring was 100 percent it can indicative of braiding failure and also failed box and ships which generally associated with rating failure. Well you know have hostility like you know don't buy the hits exactly it's a if they're kind of the pander equivalent of I've got a headache don't even think about it so it does suggest that these these vocal signals are important and I mean this may seem like you know I kind of a joke in some ways but it is really important I mean the conservation of species and particularly in these breeding research centers being able to understand what might give clues towards these successful braiding breeding interactions is it could be really really important for the future of that species so that's that's when you start play the soft music and you know the lights Yes Lord and all that kind of thing yeah you bring out the Tom Jones or the Kemal or the Barry Manilow or yes in re the panda version there off panda version good Tell us tell us about shower heads this I think is really interesting and we were always well I try to keep the boss from clean but you know clear bathrooms not the happiest of all domestic jobs however it's very important. It is and I was surprised about this but showerheads Now I don't know I mean mentally I'm not a fan of cleaning the bathroom but I've never in a code to meet that a shower head might require cleaning because I get a shower head is clean water that comes through and but a study has actually suggested a link between bacteria in shower head and a possible increased incidence of a particular type of lung infection and it turns out that bacteria actually thrive in showerheads and throughout water distribution systems and I shouldn't be surprised by that some reason I was and most of these bacteria Hama's but there are potential nasties in there and in particular this study was looking at Mark a bacterium which one species of mark a bacterium is what causes tuberculosis but these were looking at known tuberculosis bacteria lung infection which is a bit of a public health issue I mean most people exposed to these don't get sick but people the people that do can have these very chronic lung infections that require a lot of antibiotic therapy and they can really last for a long time so they're a big issue and so the research is and I surveyed showerheads and households across the United States in Europe and I found that showerheads areas where you have shower heads that do more likely to contain these mycobacterium also seem to correlate with areas that have higher incidence all of this is known to be like a bacterial lung disease A and what was interesting as well is that they households that have water treated with chlorine disinfectants have particularly high abundances of certain types of these mycobacteria So this is just a correlation it doesn't mean that having Maka bacteria in your shadow means you're going to get sick but it does raise the possibility and the other thing that I want to talk about the study really quickly is that this is really cool they used citizen scientists they recruited volunteers across the U.S. In Europe and these volunteers within sent a sampling kit and they had to take a little so. Of the interior of the shower hit and send it in along with a questionnaire that then asked for example how often the shower head was used in claims but also where the household was like hated and where its water came from so it's a rummy not because otherwise you need a huge amount of people perhaps to do a study of this size so it's just a really neat example of citizen science being used to advance knowledge well and it just just a reminder to us all relates take a look up next. Day age and maybe clean it or maybe clean it maybe take it off put a little bucket of. Bleach Sourcery like a good shaker Oh absolutely absolutely There you go there's your task for tomorrow or the next week or something like. I'm sure we wonderful Remember to wear rubber gloves that's for all the practical advice just now of course we've got Dr Karl on the other side the news very pleased to say that Dr Karl is part of the mother and that gives you hope to strike the time off for good but we've been so grateful. For your help this last couple whose super. Bowl. C.B.C. 5. News comes from Live Smedley. Medicinal cannabis products can now be legally prescribed to some U.K. Patients in the fall of the Hibs boss Neil Lennon is struck by a coin that halts a while told them set up a meeting with all style in the League Cup quarter final this is B.B.C. . Doctors can prescribe calories products to patients in the U.K. From today the rules were relaxed after review in some additional forms of the drug at this year professor is a consultant. Professor of epilepsy I think under the current guidance that truly exceptional clinical need then we're talking about a handful maybe 3 or 4 patients I can think of that I know personally who might meet those criteria the numbers might be slightly higher in the pediatric population but it's still going to be a tiny proportion of patients crime costs the U.K. Economy 37000000000 pounds a year according to new figures from the National Crime Agency. Says it affects more people than all of the national security threats combined. The U.K. Has joined the U.S. In calling for an end to fighting in Yemen where around 14000000 people are close to starvation both countries want talks between the rebels and the Saudi led coalition to be held within weeks Simon Fraser is a former head of the Foreign Office I think the Saudis will be very well advised to respond and cooperate on this because there's a tremendous amount of stake for them and they have taken a huge hit in international public opinion as a result of what happened with. England's chief medical officer wants parents to ignore fake news on social media about the risks of vaccines Professor tame Sally Davis has been speaking on the 30th anniversary of the M.M.R. Vaccine being introduced in the U.K. Around 87 percent of children have 2 doses of the measles mumps and rubella jab but the target is 95 percent Dame Sally wants myth spreading online to stop over the 30 years we've vaccinated millions of children it is a safe next a nation we know that across the world we've saved millions of lives across the world and the people who spread these myths when children are ill or die will not be there to pick up the bit to help or even to blame M.P.'s are warning that prisoners are being sentenced to poor health when they go to jail their health and social care select committees accusing the government of failing in its G.D.P. Of care to inmates they say too many died while behind bars or after their release the report says sexual abuse against women in North Korea is so common that it's become part of ordinary life he moved.