Rachelle oldmixon is an environmental scientists. Im phil torres, an entomologist. Now lets do some science. Hey guys welcome to techknow where we bring you life changing innovations in the field of science. Im phil torres and im here with kosta, rachelle and lindsay. When we think of camp lejeune, we deal with soldiers to go into the field. But theres an epidemic with soldiers returning with completely invisible wounds, im talking about ptsd. Be camp lejeune has innovative ways of technology to combat this problem. The ugliness of war has made an indelible mark on the minds of many americans. And can Linger Longer after deployment has ended. Posttraumatic stress disorder or ptsd was first diagnosed in 1980 but has existed for as long as there has been war. Clearly it appears the underlying cause of those conditions were the same as the underlying causes whra what we l posttraumatic stress. We know very little of what is at the Cellular Level of whats causing them. The only way we can find out those answers is through technology. One Promising Technology deals with the very air that we breathe. Dr. L Daniel Leslie at the Naval Hospital in camp lejeune, north carolina, is being conducting an experiment where 100 oxygen is delivered to veterans in an effort to heal injury. Nobody knows the answer yet, one thing we do know is the brain is getting more oxygen, the entire body is getting more oxygen, the ability to being being. Caused by an explosion where the resulting concussion causes damage to the brain. The air we breathe contains 21 oxygen. By increasing that amount to 100 , the feel is that a more rapid flow of oxygen to the brain would repair the damage caused by the explosion. We know i. T. Works on other parts of the body, we know it works ton eyes and a bunch of Different Things and there are a bunch of approved uses of hyperbaric oxygen. What is the relationship between tbi traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder . Being its a form of concussion in which you actually have loss of consciousness, alteration of consciousness. We vofn often have an overlap. If you are in war getting blown up, in which you are exposed to horrible things, often. Very frequently we get people with both. All right dr. Leslie say im a wounded warrior. Walk me through this process. Were going oput this on. This whole area around your head is going to be filled with 100 complete oxygen, not complete air, in and out through those tubes. Just going osnap it shut just going osnap it shut. To snap it shut and you are good to go. It is going oselfany inflate and to receiveinflate and close. The sessioning is created by 40 sessions over a 12 week period. Im a little claustrophobic but this doesnt feel too bad. Why is this so difficult to diagnose and to treat . There are unseen injuries, if you will, somebody gets exposed to a blast or a gunshot wound, i mean can you see the effects of that blast or that gunshot wound. If somebody is exposed to psychological trauma, its all inside. If theres an invisible wound or invisible scar from psychological trauma, the people around you, family, coworkers, shipmates, may not ever know you are sphruferg that wound. Suffering from that wound. People say over and over again, i just want my life back. Glls i dont like to go to sleep because i know whats waiting for me on the other side when i close my eyes. Corpsman is one such soldier. He suffered a straw mattic brain injury on a mission in uganda where a shell exploded nearby. I can deal with it now, move through the pain and get treatment for it later. I kind of pushed it off until we got back in the states and after that i went out and found exactly everything that was going on and it was quite a list so what was going on . I had memory problems, short term, long term, anger, irritability. Id get l really angry and separate myself from everybody. Were you given a specific diagnosis like tbi or ptsd . They gave me those, tbi, ptsd. You see everything happening, it effects everything, your sleep, your family, it effects you as a person. It took about three hearts of really fighting on my part to realize that im not going to get back to full duty and im not going to be the way i was before i deployed and before my injury. And thats something that you kind of have to come to grips with yourself. I worry about our staff actually because theyre very passionate about what they do. The better is not the burden is not getting any being less although we are withdrawing from afghanistan on a regular basis and the force out there is getting smaller all the time. The workload isnt any less for our staff than it was a year or two ago, in fact its continued to grow. Do you feel like by participating with this Research Program with the Hyperbaric Chamber that you might be helping future soldiers suffering from ptsd . That was my goal going into the hyperbaric Research Program. I know theres no magic solution to the problem but my main focus is that i dont care if it helps me or not, but im hoping that this research will help my brothers down the line so that they can have a better shot at living a normal life. The military is working on numerous fronts to battle this growing problem. Camp lejeune is 2700 miles and world apart from the university of Southern California where theyre using Virtual Reality to combat posttraumatic stress disorder. It was the worst id ever seen, he was covered in flames. Like the hyperbaric being chamber study, its creating results. Traditional being psychoanalysis helping those dealings with ptsd break through. We want to hear what you think about these stories. Join the conversation by following us on twitter and ating aljazeera. Com. Being im going to pay the last respect for my president. He was a global symbol of hope, courage and freedom. The world thanks you for sharing Nelson Mandela with us. Today was declared a day of reflection and prayer. Now Al Jazeera America commemorates Nelson Mandela from the people who knew him. I think all of those people who were inside that stadium were very lucky to be there. An emotional look at the life and legacy of Nelson Mandela. Only on Al Jazeera America. Al Jazeera America is a straightforward news channel. Its the most exciting thing to happen to american journalism in decades. We believe in digging deep. Its unbiased, factbased, indepth journalism. You give them the facts, dispense with the fluff and get straight to the point. Im on the ground every day finding stories that matter to you. In new orleans. Seattle bureau. Washington. Detroit. Chicago. Nashville. Los angeles. San francisco. Al Jazeera America, take a new look at news. Here is more. Beneath the fluorescentsun in a former meat packing plant is the latest trim in farming. They call it vertical farming. These fields grow on floors on at Industrial Park and farmer john adel and his staff agrees user. My shipping proceed did you say 1500, 2,000 miles to get are. The plant of the indoor as the indoor formers call it doesnt grow corn or soybeans but mustard, high end micro greens on the plates of whitenapkin restaurants. These fish supply the vert liser that number issues the hey guys welcome back totech. Im here with kosta, rachelle and lindsay. The military is dealing with this epidemic problem of ptsd. Both the military and creative researchers at usc are looking for innovative ways of technology to combat this issue. Los angeles may seem like an odd place to search for answers to ptsd. But the department of defense is finding encouraging results through partnerships with Research Institutes like the one at usc. Skip riizzo has experience in systems. Buttoned down as the military why would they come to you guys for help . Were the odd alliance of hollywood, the military and academe ya buacademia. Come from an interdisciplinary comingtogether of people with Different Levels of expertise that can create something where the whe whole is greater than te sum of its parts. What we have seen over the past ten years is that the advances that have mapped in the area of technology have happened in the area of technology, making a difference for Service Members and veterans when they come back, the psychological difficulties. The institute for Creative Technology has created bravemind, a clinical interactive Virtual Reality tool. Subjects are gradually immersed in environments to which they were deployed. From a remote afghan village to an iraqi marketplace, to recreate the situation that brought on a soldiers traumatic stress. The Virtual Reality is connect wednesday the tried and true tool called prolonged exposure therapy. This i really dont like because im claustrophobic and i feel really enclosed here and i dont know whats going to be around any corner so yeah, this is. Tapping into my worst fears. Im going to get out of there. This is a generation of soldiers who group playing video games. How does that factor into this as a therapy . If you give somebody the option of doing Straight Talk to a psychologist form of treatment or you tell them hey, were going to put you in Virtual Reality and thats going to be part of the treatment, you know digital generation, folks thats and easy choice. Were hoping thats that will break down barriers to care. To undergo this therapy the patient has to descent into his descend into his or her worst fear. I imagine that would be difficult for not only him but the clinician or therapies. Whatherapist. What is the benefit there . Put the person in a situation, they feel anxiety, and over times the anxiety naturally dissipates. The person can face, confront not avoid situations, thoughts, feelings that previously they just wanted to keep in a box. Jonathan warren is a purple heart vet having served two tours in iraq. What was your first reaction to revisiting the horror through the therapy . I was terrified, really, it was scary to go and confront the thing that id been avoiding so much. And in a way that was going to stimulate my vision and my sounds and my feeling. It was full immersion and i just felt so bad that i couldnt keep acting like that. Are i was willing to be miserable and to be sad and experience more pain to get through it and take it to the other side. Im in iraq, its an afternoon and im on the noname route. Were driving through city. I see that the women and children are all heading back in the house. So what happened at that point . As soon as i turn right we get hit by an ied. At this moment, i woke up and i was just surrounded by flames. I took a deep breath and it singed my lungs. It really rocked my world, it learned how to shut down my emotions. My face was peeling off and my lips were blistering. Thats when i saw scotty getting out of the vehicle. My heart just dropped. With all the folks i served with it was a very, very close bond. Scotty was like my little brother. We were real really, really clo. He was doused in diesel fuel and i thought he was dying right there. You had no resources at that time . I had nothing. I was helpless, nothing i could do. Listening to scott in anguish. Has this Virtual Reality treatment helped you in terms of coping with the ptsd . I knew i wouldnt be magically cured but i could cope. What was the horror you couldnt revisit . I was confronted with the question of you know what could you have done differently . Do you think youre superman, can you put zeal fuel with some diesel fuel with dirt in your hands, i found out i shouldnt be spoid in my own actions and what i did. We find helping a patient to confront and process difficult emotional memories rather than avoiding them is the key the getting over. Ptsd. What a powerful piece. Its so great to see that theyre really tackling this headon. In the theater of wawr a lot of things war a lot of things happen to these guys that theyre not going odeal with then. We talked to one veteran who didnt want to seek treatment for his physical or being psychological issues because he wanted to get out there with his marines. Theyre worried it would be looked upon would you say negatively . There is a stigma in the military but its just now that the military is looking at it as an ep dem thaik affects epidemic that being affects wounded warriers and has to be dealt with. Well see where it goes. Kosta, what do you have next . Imagine ofuture where you can fall asleep and it drives to you work. Its coming soon and i explored it. Hey guys welcome back to techknow. Im phil torres and im here with kosta, and lindsay. What happened . All you have to do is sit in the car and it will drive for us. Lets check out where were going. The road to the driverless car has been a long one. Were all set for autocontrol. This is how General Motors envisioned the future in 1957. Youre on automatic control, handsoff steering. That was then, this is now, nissans race for the first Autonomous Vehicle is in the hands of an engineer who had me figure out how it works. These are your laser scanners. Yes. And they send out big beams of laser to determine how far the distance is. Yes. And here is a big radar panel that can see 200 meters ahead. And we have one radar panel here and here as well. They determine 70 meters. 70 meters whether object is approaching the car or going away from car and all of these little guys are for parking, sonar, and you have cameras on every side of the car. It is totally a prototype. If i open this up you see wow these are kind of secret. Dont touch it. I wont touch it. Were going to put on yes. Hit it autonomous mode activated. You have no hands. The cameras reading the speed limit by now. Were going owatch it slow down. Yes, yes, thats correct. Red light, cameras detecting it. Car says signals red. The signal is green. Now its not a color camera. How did it know . Position. Just the position . The system explains what its doing for the driver not confused ever. How did you know its going to the left now instead of the right . Reading the lines. It follows the road using the cameras. And what happens if a kid comes out chasing a ball . Oh my god, oh my god wow. We almost killed that guy a car, it checks to see if there was anyone behind us, next to us, it makes a decision to swerve. Can we park it now . We can do that from the back seat, right . Yes. This is my space. Calling dibs on that spot and now its parking. I love watching the steering wheel, just made it simple. What happens if i interrupt it . Stops, completely stops. It will completely stop . Yes. Now it will come back to where it started. How many years before its in all cars . 2020, 2020. As we reach that date, the biggest being obstacle may not be the technology, how fast ask drivers react when theyre thrust back into control of an Autonomous Car . What is the most dangerous time in an Autonomous Car . The moment when the car shifts control from itself to the driver. Drivers are totally disoriented and they are being asked to absorb an enormous range of activities, an enormous range of things going on to get what we call situation awareness where there was none. And that turns out to be an extraordinary challenge. Im going to be placing the eeg electrodes on your head. We want to understand whats going on in your brain and your body when you drive. We hook up the driver. We see where their eyes are tracking, we see what their brain is doing, what their heart is doing. The simulator is built to help us better understand ways to alert the driver that autonomous mode is being switched. After several minutes of texting while the car is driving, watch what happens when i have to take control. Disable automation. It just asked me to diseabl diseabl disable automation. Uh oh, i just crashed into about 12 cars, i wasnt paying attention. You had sense oorgs on my hand to determine what was that . That was call autonomic arousal. How alert you are. A good driver is neither too into ited or too accustom. Are we required to be plugged into the car so it knows what we are doing . Definitely not. Eventually cars will drive themselves. Making them the designated driver promises to revolutionize how we get around. For steve brown who is completely blind, cars will completely transform their lives. Autodriving. Google gave steve a glimpse of the future inviting him to take the drivers seat in their first Autonomous Vehicle. How did that feel . Incredibly normal and abnormal at the same time. The car was doing its thing. Did you have instinctive responses . All the things you normally do in driving just came back. Were at the stop sign. Even if you cant see . Even if i cant see. I would suggest going to get a taco because thats what i would normally do. Do you think youll be back driving in your lifetime . Absolutely. Kosta, i have to ask. How safe is this . When you hit for example black ice, race car driver mode kicks in and its steering for you. So that youll never lose control. It knows how to handle those sort of situations. And i believe, not only did i feel safe, i any its going to be safer in general. I know it will. Really interesting stories, you guys. Thank you for sharing them. We will be back next week for more techknow. Dive deep behind these stories and go behind the scenes at aljazeera. Com there are techkno. Follow us on be Facebook Twitter google plus and more. This is Al Jazeera America live from new york. Im Jonathan Betz with the headlines. The journey for the iconic world statesman Nelson Mandela ended this morning, laid to rest in qunu south africa. The small village where his life began 95 years ago. Most of the funeral was broadcast but in the end the cameras were turned off thousands in key eve demanded the ukraine government sign a deal with the