Is into america. It requires an investment of 500,000 in a business the government hopes will create jobs. And while its growing in popularity, the program has its critics. In 2010, rather than and entrepreneur jayz joined his partners to why start their development barclay center. Eb 5 investment program. Eb 5 allows folks from all around the world to come and participate in one of the most exciting developments around the country. Promotional videos like these helped fuel the program. Wealthyy foreign nationals can fast track getting a two year visa in exchange for investing in credit projects. Hiss ore her cal create at least, are granted about 95 of the time. Foreign nationals are interested in the eb 5 program for a number of reasons. The chinese for example are very concerned about government instability, political upheavals and of course, education. Education is paper nown paramou. The u. S. Citizens Immigration Service issued just 2,000 eb 5 vias in 1967. That skyrocketed. With 76 going to chinese investors. The remaining were spread among credit south korea, taiwan. Simply buy a glean green card. Even advocacy acknowledge that for some eb 5 investors profitability isnt the primary concern. They say if you get your eb 5 its good enough. Its drily attractive. Bank finance is either not available or only available at a very high cost. And ill em talking about a high cost of 11 or 12 . These are just a handful of u. S. Businesses vying for the cash for vee visa loans. The uscis estimates its created 50,000 u. S. Jobs since it started in the early 1990s but information the scarce. We dont have a lot of information on how it works. We coul do have a lot of informn about the failures and corruption. Iowa senator Charles Grassley fired off a letter to the can u. S. Customs service. Illegal network for use by scret iranian agencies. In a report released in late december the department was highly critical of the eb 5 operation. Only growing with a record 7,000 applications now pending. Of course Immigration Reform would have implications for millions of people wanting to live and work in the united states. Dennis hoffman says it could loosen restrictions on the workforce and be good for business and that in turn would promote Economic Growth here in arizona and here in the rest of the country. Dennis kelly, good to have you here, thank you so much. Great to have you here great for being in phoenix. It is an epicenter of discussion around Immigration Reform. Means Different Things to different people. It does. Im an arizonan, its a very big deal to me, to arizona. Ive seen what low skilled, medium skilled, high skilled immigrants can do to the economy. Arizona was certainly the beneficiary of a tremendous injection of labor over the years which right now is not legal. Its never been legal per se. We are aggressively enforcing our immigrant laws and i think its holding the state back, i really do. Lets see we found what many citizens felt was a pathway to citizenship. Wouldnt that put more people into the workforce and make it did yotougher for everyone . What we fount in arizona, our immigrant workforce is sum of the most contributing individuals in the entire workforce. People moved here from around the country. They started Small Businesses. Many of these businesses were comprised of immigrant labor. People made great returns on their investments in these businesses. The economy was vibrant. This all changed by the way in december of 2007 when arizona passed the toughest employer sanctions law in the nation. This began in december of 2007. We have 150,000 fewer workers in this state than we did back then, seven years down the road. That is good for unemployed workers in arizona, right . Do you think arizonas economy is good in any way, shape or form right now . Heres the problem with that argument. Having access to those workers, having those workers contribute to our economy in product ef ways creates opportunities for all of us. What about those immigrants who left home in 08 and 09 . They left productive jocks, they were jobs, they were contributing to society. Why did they go . Where did they go . To places like texas. Low paid jobs but its those workers. Its a very diverse economy. To characterize text as low pay, its very aggressive towards immigrant labor. Youve set it up nicely for us. Dennis hoffman, Arizona State university, great for having us. Great to be here. You cant hire an undocumented are immigrant. They could easily hire you. Instead of being job seekers, many have become job creators in america. When i decided to do the business, coming to the business, i knew risks. I knew the problems. More on these undocumented entrepreneurs coming up. And later without immigrants in america wed all pay price. Ill tell you one specific way it will cost you. That, from phoenix. Keep it right here. The debate that divides america, unites the critics, a reason to watch Al Jazeera America the standout Television Event borderland, is gritty honesty. A lot of people dont have a clue what goes on down here, the only way to find out, is to see it yourselves. Taking viewers beyond the debate. Dont miss Al Jazeera Americas critically acclaimed series borderland on Al Jazeera America also available on demand weve all heard harrowing stories of immigrants who risk their lives for a better shot in america. Its a quite different thing to experience this firsthand. Original series on Al Jazeera America, thats what sets it apardoapart from the rest. Borderland. They retrace the footsteps of borderrunners who took that risk and paid for it with their lives. Heres a preview. Since the mid 80s spending on bother enforcement has raised from 700 million to 10 billion today. In that same period, the number of Border Agents went from less than 3,000 to 20,000 and almost a third of the 2,000 mile border has been fortified. What the plan was very simply put was to reroute the illegal traffic and crossing on the southwest border from the Populated Areas to the nonPopulated Areas. Co cochisse county. They put the fence up directly behind me which ran from about 40 to 50 miles. If you look to the end where the shadow ends, thats where the fence ends. Yes. There is a certain absurdity to having this way, if you simply end it. If you are going to have it, do it all the way. From there, you have a fence where anyone here could just climb over it, its very simple. The Immigration Reform and control act, u. S. Law does not prohibit undocumented immigrants from owning a business. And by some estimates hundreds of thousands of american Small Businesses are owned by these immigrants. In some cases they employ u. S. Citizens. Duarte jeraldina looks at this growing section of the economy. Sort ever like a cheese ball. Tamara jimenez own a bakery and are undocumented immigrants. They came to the u. S. 11 years ago when tamera was 15. They started to decide their own business in 2009. It made sense for our own security and our own Economic Security just to have our own business. Even though we didnt know along the way what was going to happen to us because of the deportations. A fraction of every dollar the bakery earns is set aside for city, state and federal taxes. The Philadelphia Department of health has certified it, it is legal in every way even though all of its owners are not. It is hard to say how many businesses are owned by undocumented immigrants. One form he Southern California university, estimated, if true that would mean they own hundreds of thousands of u. S. Businesses. Encumbrance lawyer kimberly tomzack ick says it is very comn in the area. Its very convenient in restaurants and Convenience Stores and Corner Stores but you see it in construction and contracting work. For undocumented entrepreneurs becoming a Business Owner involves a few forms, birth certificate or some official form of i. D. , an individual can apply for an itin. 7b of this form asks for a Social Security number and this is how its all possible an itin number. Once hes granted these i. D. S the Internal Revenue service considers him a legal owner of a u. S. Business. The u. S. Immigration service can deport him at any time. Thats what happened to luis, he is not related to tamera. A few weeks ago, jimenez ended up being arrested, immigration officials got involved and he faced possible deportation. House of how did you keep involved when so much was on the line . When i decided to, coming to the business i knew the risks, i knew the problems. Tomzack was his lawyer. Large part he poses no threat to national security, pays taxes, runs his business by the letter of the law, and also, hires u. S. Citizens. She brought up his restaurant as part of his legal defense. We use menus, we use reviews on yelp. Looks now luis has a work permit. She was one of the undocumented young people granted ability to work in the u. S. For two years under an immigration problem called deferred action. But not her parents. If my mother would get deported it would just crush me. With so much at stake, tameras htameras become an outspoken immigrant. Duarte jeraldina. Al jazeera america. When real money accommodation back. Weekday mornings on Al Jazeera America start your day with in depth coverage from across the country and around the world. The future looks uncertain. Real news keeping you up to date. An informed look on the nights events, a smarter start to your day. Mornings on Al Jazeera America [ grunting ] im taking off, but, uh, dont worry. Im gonna leave the tv on for you. And if anything happens, dont forget about the new xfinity my account app. You can troubleshoot technical issues here. If you make an appointment, you can check out the status here. You can pay the bill, too. But dont worry about that right now. Okay. How do i look . Thanks. [ male announcer ] troubleshoot, manage appointments, and bill pay from your phone. Introducing the xfinity my account app. The new space race is here there are people right now who will walk on mars it could be a big payday for corporations the same companies will be controlling your life in space. Who will conquer the cosmos . These men believe the universe is theirs for the taking fault lines. Al jazeera americas hard hitting. Theyre locking the doors. Ground breaking. We have to get out of here. Truth seeking. Breakthrough investigative documentary series space inc. Only on Al Jazeera AmericaAmerican Farms hire more than a million laborers every year who do everything from picking crops to needing animals to operating machinery. It is hard physical work often done in tough conditions and requiring a skilled hand. The reality is that americas 2. 2 million farms depend on undocumented workers to stay alive and if those workers werent there, americans would pay more for laborers and American Consumers would pay more for groceries. Half the workers on the farms picking crops are undocumented. The exact number is difficult to come by. The cost to American Consumers should those workers disappear is hard to calculate. Economists asked the question what if Immigration Reform focused on only current policies . With Fruit Production dropping as much as 61 , and Vegetable Production declining by as much as 31 , it projects food prices would rise five to 6 with Farmers Limited by how much of the cost they can pass on to consumers. The result would be smaller supplies and higher imports. An agricultural economist not linked to the study said food rices would be substantially higher. There would be a worker shortage and so there would be an attempt on the part of the farm worker to find a new source of labor. It would be a higher priced source of labor pushing up the price of food. Field workers on farms earn an average 11. 38 an hour, many of those jobs are seasonal. Compare that to a construction worker although physically demandindemanding job. The average wage is 21. 61. To hear farmers tell it theyre having difficulty finding American Workers wanting farm jobs, particularly on dairy farms. One economist who worked on a 2009 study found milk prices to spike roughly 60 if undocumented workers suddenly left the workforce. If we took 29 of our milk production was no longer there because the employs were no longer there to do the work, if its a gallon of milk, 4, would be 6 if the workers twhrernt. Whether its werent there. Whether its dairy or crops, farm workers make it clear, they depend on are worker workers from over the border. Migrant workers doesnt mean undocumented workers. He employs 20 people in his neeb orchard and nearby nursery. Backer pays them anywhere from 8. 50 for pulling weeds to 18 for picking apples. Chris, you say you dont knowingly hire undocumented workers, is that the case . That is true. Who do you think these people are, and why do they come from far and abroad . In other words why do you not have workers from neighboring townships or counties in pennsylvania who are picking weeds and bagging apples . Im not sure why we cant get any locals, cant seem to get any locals to do this work. But our experience has been in the past when we have hired some locals, theyve not lasted very long. A day or two. Its just too physically demanding for them, i think. So the impression here is that you know these people come, i guess you get other workers when some fall out through the people you know who youve already hired. Why do you think theyre prepared to come up and do this work and then go back to wherever it is they come from . Im not sure why. I have to assume its in the countries they come from they dont have the opportunities that are available here in america. And they need some way to need their families. What would happen to you if they if there were tighter controls imposed upon you for hiring migrant workers, what would happen to your farm . Well, if we lost our workforce, im not sure what we would do. Tighter controls are hard to depending upon what those tighter controls are, its hard to say how they would affect us. We are certainly prepared to do whatever we need to do, to secure a legal workforce. We in American Farm bureau have been struggling for years to secure a legal workforce, for american agriculture and we cant seem to get congress to understand that thats what were after. Theres some jobs on the farm youre paying very little money for. But youre paying 14, 18 for some of these, laborers hands on the farm. Do you think theres a market for americans at that rate . Have you heard from people that americans dont want to do this work because they can get more on social assistance than they can farming . Whats the issue with the higherpaid jobs . Well, the higherpaid jobs are very, very physical. That is apple picking for us and youre carrying a 30 pound bag of ams hoafer your shoulder all over your shoulder all day long. We have men that pick and women, we have had a few women who can pick 250 bags of apples a day. You pick 250, 30pound bags of apples all day long youre pretty worn out the at the end of the day. And americans dont seem to be willing to do that work. Chris, thank you for telling us about your story. Chris backer, an orchard farmer in pennsylvania. Let me leave with you a couple of facts, not opinions. The Immigration Reform bill passed by the u. S. Senate bill last year would boost Economic Growth 5. 4 per year, thats significant. An estimated workers in that period would mean more tax revenue for federal government. That and other factors would help lower budget deficits by 900 billion. Its not clear that it will all pass the house of representatives, ill stay on top of this story. All next week, trades near the speed of light. If youre not trading at those speeds, youre toast billions of dollars at stake, is our economy insecurity now at the mercy of these machines . Humans arent able to receive information in that timeframe. Were looking at the risks, rewards, and dangers of High Frequency trading there are no rules or regulations all next week on the new expanded real money with ali velshi helping you balance your finances and your life. Now an hour, starting at 7 eastern 4 pacific only on Al Jazeera America