Transcripts For ALJAZAM Consider This 20140520

Here is more on what is ahead. Novel. The u. S. Government indicted five officers with the Chinese Military for economic espionage. We are exposing the faces and names behind the keyboard. China says its a fiction. This is a wakeup call. Vladimir putin ordered troops near the ukranian border to return to base. We have been clear with the call for the Russian Military to deescalate. Withdrawal. The dictator doesnt want to step down. Sometimes the west has the assumption that dictatorship brings instability it doesnt. When we look for marines, the thing that we are looking for is someone that is hungry. A certain individual is attracted to this job. For the First Time Ever the Justice Department monday filed Cyber Espionage charges against a foreign government, china, accusing it of hacking into u. S. Corporate computers. The alleged hackers five officers in the p l. A. Army, members of a secretive unit 61 98 working out of a 12 Storey Office building. Known as the comment crew or shanghai group, they reportedly stole secret from firms including westinghouse, alcoa, u. S. Steele. Attorney general eric holder explains why they did it. They had unauthorised access to steal information from the entities that would be useful to entities in china, including stateowned. In some cases they stole trade secrets, beneficial to Chinese Companies at stolen. In beijing the Chinese Foreign minister insisted the u. S. Charges were based on fabricated facts, the Chinese Military, and relevant personal never engaged or participated in cyber theft of the trade secrets. Joining us from new york is the director from the council on Foreign Relations programme for digital and cyber space policy, and his latest book is advantage. Good of you to join us. Intelligence estimates claim that chinese espionage costs between 24 billion and 60 billion what are they trying to get and why are they causing damage is this. We see a broad range of targets. The chinese are interested in a number of high tech areas, new material, information technology, areas critical for future competitiveness and moving the economy up the value change. Attacks have been broad, and is a widely repeated statement that there are two types of companies those that have been attacked and those that dont know it. The impact we dont know what it has had on u. S. Competition and competitiveness and what the longrange effects will be. There has been a lot of talk in the p l. A. For a long time. There has been all sorts of novels written years ago about these guys. How long has it been going on, why did it take us so long to take action . The attacks on private Companies Really seem to have picked up pace around 2010, 2011 thats when we had the first google attack. Before that there were widespread attacks on u. S. Defense networks and contractors. I think the reason it took so long to respond is atribunal use is hard. We dont always know who is behind it and the u. S. Government didnt want to show its cards, how capable it was in cyber space, and how it could identify specific attackers. Industrial espionage has been around, is it something that everyone does, and this is a different way of doing . Cyber is different because of the scope and scale of it. In the old days you had a guy leaving the factory floor or the r d lab and he could take hundreds of documents, taking weeks, months or years. With Cyber Espionage you can download megabytes, ter abites and gigabytes of data in hours. The other issue is the u. S. Says we spy on other countries but dont do industrial espionage. Thats a hard sell. Thats what the u. S. Says. When it spies it does it for National Security purpose, not profit. Where china is concerned. Bonny glaiser said thats something you addressed this, is about them becoming a bigger power. Do you think theyll keep on stealing trade secrets if boosting the economy is they see it as a concern. I think they will, unless we raise the cost. Bonny is right. There is no distinction between economic and National Military espionage in china. They are concerned about national and economic power. The only way that will change is if theres costs to the chinese. We have been unable to actually impose any costs. Its been fairly cost free. We have been complaining about cyber theft for years, its been brought up with chinese leaders, no result. And china says the charges could jeopardy. Well have to see how the chinese retaliate. I think they are unlikely to go after u. S. Companies or officials the the retaliation has been to cancel a u. S. China working group. Well have to see as they mo forward if they, in fact, try to take it out on u. S. Companies or u. S. Government officials. How strong is our moral ground, china gaming its the victim of u. S. Theft and cyber surveillance, and according to edward snowden, the n. S. A. Built a back door into the chinese telekom that is considered a threat by the u. S. Are we doing the same thing we accuse china of doing . China never missed an opportunity to call us hypocritical. This shows that the u. S. Has been active in macking into chinese networks. U. S. Officials are making the distinction between the type of hacking that we do and the chinese do. Since some of the targets the United States has zone after, not only the chinese telekom company, and the Brazilian Energy company, petrogas, host difference. No one expects the chinese will turn the people over, but is a big part of this that the rest of the world better watch out or well come after them. Its to send a message that we are taking this seriously, and we are trying to created an international norm, that this should be a trade issue that others shouldnt go after private companies. I dont think well be successful. The u. S. Is not a particularly good messenger for that. Turning to the subject of your book to close, how can American Innovation overcome the challenge from china, if they secrets. Its a problem. We have basically built an International Trade system based on competitive advantage, and our advantage is innovation. China is lowcost manufacturing. The secret to the u. S. Is to invent of the next big thing ipod, electric cars, the internet of things or whatever else. The chinese hacking threatens that agreement, that International System that was built. And what it means is doing a better job of protecting ourselves. Billions of dollars and millions of jobs. Thank you for coming in. Thank you. Are we facing an inevitable war on terror. A year ago president obama said the United States is entering a new phase on the core of terror. He recognised that there were worries about a diffused threat by al qaeda affiliates in yemen and africa. America is at a crossroads. This war, like all wars mustnd. From a National Security agency to the c. I. A. , the focus has not changed. If anything, the war on terror is expanding geographically. And in the military personal, fighting it. Im joined by james kit field, a contributing editor to the National Journal and wrote a cover story the war after the war inside americas shadow war on terror and why it will neverened, amongst others. In an interview, when the predecessor took over from robert muller, he thought the threat from al qaeda had diminished but he underestimate it and how they had metastasized to include yemen, east africa and other areas, do you agree . I do agree. The narrative now is different. When you thought the combination of the top al qaeda leadership, the arab spring gave a counter narrative to Osama Bin Ladens call for a jihad against the local authorities. That was the only way to achieve change in the middle east. Its a different landscape now. The affiliates proliferated. They sank roots in syria, yemen, marley and are thinking about regional operations as we saw with the Westgate Mall attack in kenya, and a worry with foreign fighters flocking to the flag in syria, that when they come home, more than 1,000 in egypt. Them. You wrote that president obama wants deeply to convince americans that the era of war is over and we dont face a war on terror. But you argue the simultaneous operations in libya, to grab a terrorist and the one in somalia against the alshabab terrorists conducting the raid on the Westgate Mall, that they prove otherwise, that we are fighting a global war on terror. I think thats a look at the future. Once we get out of afghanistan, the idea that we will be the war on terror, if you will, its completely over. Its a little wishful thinking. I understand why president obama wants to shift the psychological focus of the American People as we pull out of the land wars. He doesnt want a war degrading civil liberties, because you have a populous thinking the next terror attack is around the corner. The reality is the shadow war has lethal consequences against islamic extremists that want to do harm, by multitask forces, special operations, c. I. A. That war will continue and has no end in site. You talk about the shadow war and twilight warriors and the drones that are a part of it. The latest global terrorism report from the state Department Found decentralization and proliferation of al qaeda led to a growing number of terror attacks 43 increase between 2012 and 2013. You had access to some of our counterterrorism operateses and you talked to the man who is the head of the Defense Intelligence agency and he believes the danger is growing. Thats correct. And that is part of that change in narrative that i mentioned at the top of the show. You know, for a while you could say that these alqaeda afill quats are local wannabes flocking to the flag to gape international prestige. The fact is in the last year the affiliates started to sing roots, build a terrorist infrastructure, and at some point the groups that have sanctuary in the different countries, who are talking to each other, communicating to al qaeda core and the person of zar hery, that looks like afghanistan of the 1990s, that gave birth to al qaeda and the taliban. You are seeing a lot of concern, where a year ago there was the idea that al qaeda, the core, is sort of significantly degraded and we dont have to wore i so much about al qaeda. Thats not what you are hearing now. You hear the affiliates, as the fbi director said, metastasized the cancer, and its spreading. They are sinking roots, holding more territory than before, and your biggest concern is syria. You are talking about afghanistan in the 80s, and 90s what is going on there with al qaeda affiliates is what is similar to what gave rise to Osama Bin Laden in al qaeda. I think thats right. You have a sectarian conflict with a charge component of islamic extremists flying under the flag. You have a conflict and they gravitate towards conflict. You have no governance where they established sanctuary. They crossed over into iraq and took fallujah and western iraq. They are starting to hold territory, building infrastructure, have training bases, attracting 10,000 foreign fighters to their flag. 1500 estimated from europe to the United States. They have western passports. 1990s. Its a big concern. You think the future is special Operations Forces fighting all over the world drones. Its not just special Operations Forces. Its the tip of the spear. This is a multi operational unit. Within 24 hours of the Westgate Mall attack, doing for instancics of that scene, trying to identify the attackers, that goes into the National Counterterrorism center, where its put into an intelligence pile that says we know who the guys are. The tip of that chain of events is either c. I. A. Or joint special Operation Forces snatch and cap spur operations. Its thought approach okaying. Good to have you with us. Thank you. Coming up, well look at the newest of the special forces. The Marines Special Operations Command and what the mission is. As the crisis in ukraine reaches fever pitch, russia is pulling back troops. N. A. T. O. Denies reports. Our social producer is tracking the top stories. Historic floods in the balkans are dredging up a dangerous problem from 20 years ago, let us know what you Al Jazeera America presents the system with Joe Berlinger mandatory minimums are routinely used to coerce plea bargains mandatory minimums the whole goal is to reduce gun crime, now weve got people saying this isnt fair. Does the punishment always fit the crime . Had the person that murdered our daughter got the mandatory minimum, he wouldnt have been out. The system with Joe Burlinger only on Al Jazeera America the 40,000 or so Russian Troops on ukraines eastern border got their marching orders on monday go back to your bases. At least thats what Vladimir Putin reportedly told them to do, less than a week before ukraine holds a crucial president ial election. While some units were on the move, the white house denied a real paul back was on the way. Its fair to say, we would know and say if the Russian Military pulled back. We have not seen any indication that that is the case. Prorussian separatists said there would be no election in the selfstyled donetsk republic. For more on the tense situation im joined from washington dc by ambassador william taylor, ambassador from 2006 to 2009, and is the Vice President for the middle east and africa for the u. S. Institute of peace. Ambassador taylor, good to see you. You will be travelling to ukraine to serve as an election observer and will be part of a team for international affairs. Where are you going. Way do you expect . I dont know what city i will be deployed to. I expect to see an enthusiastic group of ukrainians wherever im posted, voting for the next president of ukraine. The poles indicate that across ukraine there are great enthuse yaxes for going to the elections, and voting and picking the next president. Im looking forward to observing how free and fair these are. Election officials were forced to shut the last office by prorussian separatists. The u. N. s assistant secretary general yvonne simonovich had this to say. We do have information on a number of president s or Vice President s of electoral commissions conducted or treated with implications for a number of other members. There is intimidation. Abductions and intimidation. Should the election be held if that continues . The elections should certainly be held. Theres a small number of places where the separatists have some control and can intimidate people trying to put on good elections a small number of places. The vast majority of places where people will vote in ukraine next sunday are free and fair and secure and ready for the voting to take place. I would imagine that less than less than 100 or 200 at most out of 33,000 precincts that people will vote in will be affected. You think it will be that little. Over 14 of ukraine voters live in donetsk and lugansk, and the regions where the separatists are most active. There are millions of voters in those two regions. If they cant vote, how does that affect the election. No, thats is the point of the most of those most of the 14 of the population that lives in those regions, most will vote, and not have difficulty. There are a small number of separatists in a small number of cities, including the central districts of lugansk, and donetsk, who will not be able to vote. Those precincts will not be able to. They are small. The rest of that region, donetsk will be able to vote. Theres a lot of optimism over the roundtable talks involving most of the parties in the second round of those talks to restructure ukraines government in time for sundays election, took place over the weekend. The government wants to give local Government Authority over government. The prorussian separatists wants regional authority, and the talks adjourned without deciding anything, even a place and time to continue. Does that bode poorly for the future of those negotiations . These are serious negotiations, and those selfstyled separatists and selfappointed officials of the peoples run lick of donetsk are not represented there. They are not part of those negotiations. This is a discussion about the constitution of ukraine. Its among people who represent the people in the west and east and northern southern parts of ukraine. Those conversations need to fake place and need to be serious. They are not going to solve things in the first two meetings, its a process that has begun and it will devolve power in the regions and that may solve many problems. The leader whose profile is soaring at the moment is a billionaire, petro porashenko, hes leading, hes opposed to ukraine joining n. A. T. O. The Campaign Platform he has is built on security. He is nicknamed the chocolate king, but was a minister in the government of viktor yanukovych. He is believed to be prorussian. Known as a pragmatist is Vladimir Putins recent more conciliatory tone because of petro porashenko, that hes more comfortable and what he may mean for the future . Thats a good question. No one that i have talked to, and certainly not i, can understand what is going on in mr Vladimir Putins head. I dont know what is making him move back and say hes moving his troops back, and say that he things that his elections on sunday are a step in the right direction. What is drew is that mr petro porashenko represents a moderate middle. As you say, hes served on both sides of recent administrations. He is widely regarded as a good economist, as a good manager. Theres no allegations that i have heard of corruption in his past. I think mr putin will have a good interlocketture there when they discussion. Its the third time he said he pulled back troops. Lets hope this time is the charm, and the troops move back, elections move forward and i wish you well. As always, good to have you with us. Thank you, good to be here. Turning to the war and major humanitarian crisis in south sudan. A fragile peace accord is crumbling amid genocide and confirmation of two deaths from a dangerous cholera outbreak. The president says the country faces a Tipping Point because of the fighting and famine that could leave as many as 7 million hungry by august. Tens of thousands are killed and 1. 3 million displaced. It occurred when former Vice President riek machar was accused of conducting a coup. He narrowly escaped and a war exploded. We speak to a man that tracked down riek machar, and rode with the white army. Democracy i dont buy it. Sometimes the west supports dictatorship with the assumption that dictatorship brings stability it doesnt. Joining us is robert young pelton, returning on assignment with vice, which released a project saving south sudan, an explanation of the horrors of the civil war, including a 3part documentary. You went to south sudan before this recent peace accord was struck in early may. The accord before that went nowhere. Accusations are flying about who is the bad guy. Dr riek machar told you he was at the center of corruption. You had to make hushing ulian hushing ulian efforts to spend time with riek machar. There . This is cyclical. In 1991 riek machar split away from john glang essentially the main leader pluning the company in 10 years of war fair. A lot of south sudan see an echo of 1991. You see that in the pronouncements. You see two people fighting over a rice bowl. Theres no rice in the bowl. Famine. No rice in the bowl, but they . Sudan has about 38 billion barrels of oil which it cant seem to get out of the ground fast enough. Theres an issue of corruption which i bring up in my interviews, in which he points out that the grain reserves were stolen by he accuses elements of salva kiirs inner circle. The fighting has been horrendous, all sorts of human rights abuses. The latest truce allowing aid in, but the fighting is continuing. If it comes, you are reporting that theres not enough aid coming in because the world is not paying attention. Yes. We have to be Crystal Clear about something. We are not on the verge of anything. The knewers control newers control half of the country. This is a civil war, people are starving. The idea that if we do something it will stop should be replaced. You mentioned the nuers, riek machars tribe, they control the land where the oil is. Salva kiir his dinka tribe is fighting the nuers. Could we see a horror on the level of rwanda that led to the horrible genocide. Watch my documentary on vice, i was in the middle of that horror. You see a thin edge between civilisation where dinka and nuer live side by side and a violent event electrifies the country and they kill each other out of fear or revenge. We built the country, spent a lot of effort. Its not a stable country. Its only three years old. A disturbing part of the documentary was your trip through an area, molakal. You met with a white army, they are a nuer militia, not directly under riek machars chrome. The myth is theres a profit in south sudan who only tells people what he thinks people should do. These are essentially tribal men, cattle herders who congregate and attack the dinkas. I was among 30,000 angry men with spears and machinegun set upon malay cow to kill people. They have been set in horrible ways and places. Hospitals, u. N. Offices. We are talking famine, cholera outbreak. What do the people tell you. How do they see the future . First of all, the south sudan are disappointed. This is a country that has everything going for it. There was one Political Party that we helped structure. It didnt allow for the back and forth pressure release. Secondly, theres no one there. When people talk about peacekeepers and what will the International Community do, they fled. Theres a few people working for the u. N. , and the camps full of 20,000 people. Theres nothing there. I argue most probably dont know what is going on. Theres great ignorance about what is happening. An interesting part of what you did is the company you kept, you brought along a young man who was a lost boy, who left sudan in the 90s and works in a costco in seattle, but has been involved in the birth of his new country. He started off hopeful thinking of running for office. Disappointed. Yes, there are mechanisms within ever ysociety to bring peace. He thought if he went there with his education and energy he could sit and solve this thing he realised a tidal wave of anger is bigger than one man. Its a great documentary about his point of view. Not about me, a former child soldier, lost boy and trying to do something, and being desperately turned down by history and the weight of anger that was there. Here is something that mashar told you about his training. Reporter where did you learn your military skills . When, during when it started [ inaudible ] what was the reaction to that, robert . Hes a sharp cat. I mean, if you read the 130page singleissue in vice, and its online, you understand riek machar is a smart man. He plays all angles, foreign backer, strategic business and tribal. We have been through this before. He was trained by u. S. Special forces. They know about how to pull strings, and that was so sad and depressing and ironic. Here we are again, where we started 1020 years ago. Its sad, a terrible tragedy. Lets hope the world pays attention. You calling attention to it is an important first step. Time to see what is trending on the website. Bosnia and serbia call for international help. 40 have died in the devastating floods the ball can region has seen in a century, ravaging bosnia, serbia and croatia to a certain extent. They had about three months of rain in three days, causing river banks to burst and triggering mudslides. Millionsion affected, tens of thousands evacuated, without access to electricity or clean drinking water. Bosnias foreign minister compared it to the 1992 bosnia war saying many lost everything, today they have nothing. To make matters worst the region has to worry about landmine from the war, resurfacing. There were carefully placed signs warning of the 1 million landslides. Because of the mudslides theyve likely shifted. You can read more at the website aljazeera. Com, and join the conversation online by tweeting to us. This is far from over. Theres flood letters for serbia and northern bosnia. Scary. Straight ahead a firsthand account of how the u. S. Military is changing as it prepares for future fights. A striking number of People Living longer around the world. N. A. S. A. s newest effort to on techknow. Im at the National Wind institute, where they can create tornados. A greater understanding. We know how to design for the wind speeds, now we design for. Avoiding future tragedies i want a shelter in every school. Techknow every saturday, go where science, meets humanity. This is some of the best driving ive ever done, even though i cant see. Techknow is there an enviromental urgency . Only on Al Jazeera America every saturday, Al Jazeera America brings you controversial. Both parties are owned by the corporations. Entertaining its fun to play with ideas. Thought provoking get your damn education. Surprising oh, absolutely . Exclusive oneonone interviews with the most interesting people of our time. Youre listening because you want to see whats going to happen. I want to know what works what do you know works . Conversations you wont find anywhere else. Talk to al jazeera. Only on Al Jazeera America. Oh my foods data dive is living longer. The World Health Organisation says average life expectansy is 73 for girls, 68 for boys an increase of six years in life expect si since 1990. The u. S. Is 81 for women, 76 for men. America missed the top 10 in both genders, finishing 37th. Japan has the worlds longest living women with a life expect si of 87. Iceland holds the mark for fen. People are living longer for several reasons. Medical advance, decreased use of tobacco, Blood Pressure and the ending of wars in some reasons that cut many lives short. Medical advancements made a huge impact. The who showing an increase in child deaths from measles, h. I. V. , aids, and more. Life expect si in low income nations shot up nine years, liberia with the most improved, followed by ethiopia and maldives. Theres major disparity between rich and poor nations, high Income Countries averaging 90 nurses and midwifes for 10,000 people, versus two for lowincome nation. 90 to 2. High income nations boys and girls expect to live 15 and 19 years longer, respectively. Coming up, a message in a america mobile app, available for your apple and android mobile device. Download it now youo the ultimate message in a bottle an attempt to communicate request extra terrestrials will be send out on board the horizon spacecraft on its way to pluto. Who will write the message. Universe. First, the conflict in ukraine is straining the cooperative relationship between the russian and American Space programs, are we on the cusp of another space rate. Dr derrick pits from Franklin Institute Science Museum joins us. As always, good to see you. This posturing from the russians continues. It was the head of their Space Programme making a crack about n. A. S. A. Astronauts using trampolines to get to the International Space station, then a ban on selling rocket motors and parts to the u. S. Milt ci, and now refusing a plan to extend the life of the space station past 2020. Are we seeing the beginning of the end of the u. S. Russia cooperation in space . I think what is going on is the russians are trying to have some retort to the idea of economic sanctions. We are using that as a tool to get them to do something about the ukraine situation. And they want to try to answer back in some way that seems as if it will strike us how. And space seems to be the most vulnerable place for that. Of course, the fact of the matter is if the russians decide to get out of being part of the space station by 2020, they will have been in the space station by that time for 20 years. Thats a long time for a spacebased project. So they might have their own space ambitions outside space stations. Theres a question here, what is it that they think they can do. If they leave the International Space station, they wont have a foothold on the orbit. That would be a loss for them. Given the fact that the United States is going to gain back its own launch capability by 2018 or 2012. They would have lost on both sides. It seems like the astronauts are getting along fine. Its a political issue on the noise. Theres talk about dividing the space station in two, the russians saying they could operate independently of the u. S. But the u. S. Provides most of the power and communications. The russians provide nav kags and prop ugs. Is there a way the space station could survive with the split. Its happened before, that astronauts on board decided that they didnt want to communicate with the crowd because of a task that had to be done, that the astronauts didnt agree with. The astronauts are interdependent on each other for their lives. They typically dont have these political issues separating them while they are on orbit. All of them are vulnerable. While on the ground there may be difficulties taking place, the guys up there depend on each other to stay alive. They must Work Together and recognise that they dont have the political differences and cant because we have to Work Together to stay alive. Ambitions. The russian government promised to put 52 billion into the space agency over the next six years, its almost doubling the budget. On friday the russians made a deal with china to do a space cooperation, could it be a sign of parting ways with the u. S. It could be. Theres nothing that says we had to remain joined at the hip, you know, forever and ever. This was a Partnership Programme that they agreed to be part of. Partners could change. What could happen is that the russians can step out of it, the u. S. Can take over the operation, and the russians go on to other partnerships that they want to work on. When it really comes to what the russians want to do, they have their own ambitions and International Space station was one of those opportunities. You talked about us getting our own cap ysty to get capacity to get astronauts to the space station. Disguise . I think its a wonderful opportunity to light a fire under congress to make a decree or resolution or law or whatever it is they need to do to bullster the American Space programmes capability to handle business on its own. The lack of funding or reluctance to fund n. A. S. A. To make it happen, and support the independent contractors who are developing space lowearth orbit access, that needs to be pushed forward to get back to a place of selfreliance so we can do what we need to do on our own. Two other topics russia has approved a mission for the kepler space station, it was broken, it is now fixed. How did they fix it . What is it meant to do . They did something clever. The control system for the craft that keeps it on target has three elements. One is a rehabilitation wheel failed. So it reaction wheel failed. It couldnt do the sensitive work. They found they can rotate the craft that they can take advantage of the solar wind, a blast of electromagnetic particles. And they can trim the sails like on a ship on the o, so the solar wind can keep it operating, extending life. Its an injeanious way of taking advantage or stretching the 600 million budget spent to g the spacecraft. Some of the older among uts remember the voyager or pioneer spacecraft sent into space with a message for extra terrestrials. You are part of a group called one earth sending a message to intercellar space on the new horizon spacecraft that is on its way to pluto. How will the message be different from those of the past . Its radically different in that the content for this message will be crowd sourced. This is a project that was developed by science artist and creative director of those two gold records on board the voyager spacecraft. John lombar came up with a brilliant idea of why not put some content on the new hasson spacecraft telling what earth is like who we are, what the planet is about. The idea is rather than a 6person group, he opened it up, figure out a way to open it up so people can provide suggestions for content of what goes on board. Its a brilliant idea. It provide diversity and invites everyone on the planet to participate. This is a wonderful chance for us to show anybody who might pick up the spacecraft thousands of years into the future, who we are here on earth. One earth. I may go online and put my own words in there. Derrick pitts, great to see you. The show may be over but the conversation continues on the website aljazeera. Com considerthis or facebook or google , you can welcome the Al Jazeera America. Ooem del walters. It is primary in some of the states. People in thailand are waking up to martial law. And the cost of climate change, ten Major Companies due more to the environment than some of the countries, that and could be costing you