She was in a relationship with epsco boss. There are p k, with whom she has 2 children. Ah, and a reminder at the top stories here on al jazeera, the us secretary of state and rushes. Foreign minister have spoken on the phone for the 1st time since rusher. Invaded ukraine in february, anthony blink and says, he told so guy elaborate the world expects russia to honor its commitment to let grain shipments safely, leave ukrainian ports. Now, rob said sanctions on russia were partly to blame for the global food crisis. Lincoln also warned russia of consequences if he tries to annex more regions of ukraine. I also made clear to farmers for lab ross that in light of recent statements coming from the kremlin about their plans to proceed with the further annexation of ukrainian territory. Indeed, the Foreign Ministers onwards of replacing democratically elected ukrainian government, as well as being part of their ongoing plans. Those plans would never be sent in the world will not recognize anticipations. We will impose additional forgiven costs on russia if it moves forward with plans. Ukraine says its ready to dispatch the 1st shipments of grain from its black seaports. Once it gets the go ahead from the u. N. And turkey on the battlefield. Both ukraine and russia have accused each other of striking a prison in the dawn bass. At least 40 prisoners of war were killed. Most of them from the as all battalion that defended the city of merrier pole. Before it fell to russia. A court in the u. S. Has rule that civil lawsuits brought against libyan waller halle, for half. Our can be heard in federal courts after whos a us citizen is accused of war crimes and extra judicial killings. During libyas civil war, the ruling means civil libyan civilians have the right to bring cases against him in us court for damages and alleged war crimes. And the World Bank Says it wont gibbs for lanka, Financial Assistance until it puts Economic Reforms in place. The country has been mired in a deep financial crisis since 2019. The bank says it needs to address the route structural causes that lead to the crisis. Those are our top stories to stay with us. The stream is up next. Aah with welcome to the stream. Imac meant to have it dean filling in for family. Ok today examining the origins of the universe with the james web space telescope. Its the Largest Telescope ever sentence. A space and its mission is to observe the birthplaces of distant stars, planets, and galaxies. Astronomers say its a breakthrough for science that may answer humanities. Biggest questions, including where do we come from . And are we alone to get our conversation started . Here is nasa astrophysicist, amber strong. For me, the most exciting aspect of this new telescope is really the breadth of science will be able to do, will be able to study objects from within our own solar system. All the way out to the most distant galaxies, ever the very 1st galaxies that were born after the big bang and everything in space and time in between. And these 1st images that weve just released really just give us a glimpse just a hit of whats going to be possible with this incredible new telescope. Im so excited for that year of science that we already have planned. And i have no doubt that this telescope is really going to change the way that we understand the universe in ways that we havent even dreamed of yet. Johnny asked to explain the significance of the j. W. S t, as our panel of scientists in california. Jesse christenson, a project scientists with the nasa zill planet archive renee doyen. Principal investigator for the web telescopes, fine guidance sensor and info red imager, known as nearest and in nova scotia, lamia mullah, an observational astronomer with the Dunlap Institute for astronomy and astrophysics. And of course, if you want to ask a question to our panel, jump into our live you tube. Chad and you can be part of todays conversation. All right, so, so much to discuss, i want to start with, with the basics, kind of the emotion of this moment if you will, jessie, we built this, i say we, of course i havent done anything, but we built as incredibly complex telescope. I believe its a 100 times, at least more sensitive than its 30 year old predecessor. Why is this so exciting to what does it actually enable us to do . Well, hobble its been such an amazing observatory of humanity for decades now. And there is some things where hubble has just given us a glimpse. We have a hints we think that theres something there and were very excited now with data list t, well finally get to the answers and some of these incredible questions like whats inside the atmosphere that these extra finance by finding how far back can we see towards the dawn of the universe. So its a step weve been wanting to take for a really long time. So its very exciting that were finally here and the telescope is performing as well as it is. Right. And on that note that its performing as well as it is. I mean, i can imagine many things could have gone wrong. Rene and you know that in of itself is a celebration or something worth celebrating. You know, with that in mind, we sent this what 1. 5 kilometers or 1000000 kilometers, if im not mistaken. And its sending back data and that data is digestible to you or in a, what is what is the most exciting element here . Well, every, every thing, i mean youve said that this is arguably the most complex machine that you meant the as a build. And we sent at 1500000 kilometers away. And the eyes, you mentioned the many things could have gone wrong for so you know, this still goes so big. So we have to fold it in a big, you know, like how big are we going to be figure in a, in the, in the frame iraq, at an incentive 1500000. 00, then we have to deploy it. And i use to describe this, this 2 weeks of diploma this 7 days of terror. Well really, it was 7 days of joy because things when so smoothly. And then we had to align these 18 segments with exquisite currency. You know, its on you can imagine depression, you need to line these mergers whatnot. Or, and yet it took several months. We did it and it worked so well. And one thing to understand too is that this desk always, always behind a sun, shell always in the, in the dark, it has to be protected from the sun. And its very cold out there, its minus one and did it re, celsius, whatever and fine i this is so cold. So we have to develop new technologies to operate investment at these temperatures. So i was a lot of challenge. It took 20 years. And so, yeah, now were opening and you eyes and this guy and to answer Big Questions about the original, the nurse and i, we alone for im, we will have a credible machine so, so on, on those Big Questions just quickly and maybe let me know we can start with you, we have and are you to chat solitary kid convinced that were not alone thing, theres no way we are alone. And im wondering beyond that question, that big question. What excites you as someone whos, whos already processing some of the data thats being sent from your vantage point. Let me well, they asked in vain for those data for so long as just right next door to me is the entire canadian extra Galactic Team to city. Theyre going to lose data, and theyre just all crying out, enjoy every time be, find this little galaxies, really read galaxies, that we think are, you know, might be one of the 1st of the universe, this galaxies that are full of stars, which might very well, like be our own son and might have a plan, is that like our earth. So, you know, when you look at Something Like this, something that is like almost a time capsule, where youre seeing galaxies at very different distances because of this wonderful property of like, you know, coming to us at the same speed. You just cannot feel, you know, you cannot feel alone in this. But certainly i think i think many of us are excited by the prospect and well get to that at the end of this conversation. But before we do, if i may, renee you forgive me, i jesse you said Something Interesting kind of comparing hubble to, to this new telescope that were celebrating today. And there is this tweet by john christensen, not to be confused with someone from your family. I believe but, but at least someone who created this really powerful tool, take a look at this. Im gonna just scroll down a bit. This compares essentially, this is the, the new telescope, and this is the original sort of hubble image, right . And, and this is the southern ring nebula, could you just beyond sort of the fact that this looks like something that was photo shopped. What, what is that, what is all of this that we see here . Tell us that we, we didnt know before. Right, so what were looking at here is a planetary nebula, which astronomers are really bad at naming things. So ill stop by saying it doesnt actually have anything to do with planets. Its a planetary nebula, its what happens when a star like our son gets to the end of its life and starts puffing off all of its outer layers and they create is a gorgeous cloud that you see today. And the star in the middle pushes the cloud away. What we, the detail that we have with database t is going to allow us to discern much more about the physics, the actual physical mechanisms that are pushing the gas away and how the gas is behaving. Gives us information about the medium that the gas is going into the, into stella medium. What happens between stars . This gives us a glimpse of this. And you know, just to hear from someone else, if we can kind of echoing some of those key points that you outlined. We have christine, turn and astronomer at the space Telescope Science is institute, who really highlights for us. What she believes is so groundbreaking about this moment, take a look. These 1st Early Release observations really give us a glimpse into how j t will transform our understanding of the universe juice. He was designed to peer back to the edge of time to see the 1st galaxies for me. And indeed, the nearer camera captured grabs 1st deep feel in just 12 and a half hours revealing a scan, teaming with distant galaxies. And each galaxy has been imaging, exquisite detail revealing galaxies with warmth, bright star clusters, and news, and shrouded in dust. In our newly formed understanding, goes beyond these beautiful images to include spectra that reveal precise distances to individual galaxies. What used to take couple days now takes 2 to 2 hours. And as a result, almost every observation will provide a glimpse into the universe. So, you know, already when we say we are going to be exploring exit planet atmosphere is in more depth now as a result of this new telescope. What is, what does that mean . I mean, some of our you tube of commentaries, ghost in the blur saying this is unbelievable and exciting, but when will we prove other life besides us exists . That is the big question. We also have someone named am had saying, well, the more the discovery is the more the unanswered questions. So do we anticipate that some of the discovery is being made already or that will be made will be surprises. And do you think this is gonna really for sure, make us know that theres life out there . Well, we cant know what our web will will detect life. But what we can be absolutely sure that will make jain step. I was answering that question yesterday on the, when, when we need to do so were trying to detect an atmosphere. Were trying to detect the molecules thats in there on, on urge those molecules like oxygen and those are made by life. And but you know, we havent really done that yet on small planet. We have to take that much years on gas. John finer like the one we saw the newest instrument take this beautiful spectrum. While you see these bumps and wiggle, the use of these things going to see many of these spectra in the coming year. And so thats spectrum prove without any doubt that theres war and use. And you can also detect methane seo. And when you combine with other site, the other side sentiment, you get the whole suites of chemical due to detect molecules. And thats actually key to one day. And so the question is there, you know, bias natures and gas that are due to biological activities yesterday stand up, hobbled view was in terms of color is what you mean like this, you know, almost looking. And now where it is like you cannot re my, my hand right completely different. And so just like the, the field, we have a company in new perspective and exquisite detail. One big limitations about hubble is that it goes around the earth, every 95 minutes 90 minutes. So when you try to measure a like triple, many times its always interrupted in this case where we, we can continuously observe this object without any interruptions. And that makes a big, big difference. And renee speaking there, i was showing the audience just kind of the comparison of the korean and nebula, for example. And some of those elements that you were describing. I do want to kind of kind of ask or actually let me let eric baker, he sent us a question that ill put to you and they take a listen to what eric had to say. Given the james web space telescope only see certain colors that are on the spectrum of light visible to humans. How to scientists go about tolerating the images that we get to see online. I forget that. Sorry, jessie, thats sorry i just checked. Yeah. So what we have to do is we have to take the wavelengths that, that james web test myself group is looking at, which is in the infrared heat. And we have to map those into optical wave length that we can see with our eyes. So we, we take that, that section of the wavelength that we cant see, and we remap it in something we can see. So these beautiful images are not what you would see with your eye if you were out in space looking at these nebula, you wouldnt see that. But they are giving us this rich amount of detail about the different wavelengths that these objects are meeting at. And so its not that there was no end for a read before it was, its just that much more advanced, right . If you will, like to hobble, had this capacity to a certain extent. I mean, im reiterating, maybe im wrong. I think im wrong to tell me to correct this. Let me to i just want to mention so the previous grade observatory that was an infrared telescope, was spitzer hospital, was a nasa mission that operated from 2003 to 2019. And it had infrared capabilities and was able to see glimpses of just again give us hints about what was there and, and so many interesting questions. But leave us wanting more and web is giving us mole. Im, you know, obviously weve been celebrating so far. I see that there are 2 other guests are in agreement with you nodding there, but i would be remiss to not ask you about some controversy. Of course, theres always controversy. We have, for example, this tweet thing, seeing the images from j w as t comes with the bittersweet knowledge that the person the observatory is named after would not have wanted me or the dozens of other queer astronomers i know involved in this incredible achievement. It deserves better using that hash tag there, rename j, w s t. A lot of people might say, well, who cares . Why is this controversial, your thoughts on this, jesse . Yes, so james webb was a nasa administrator during the apollo he is and was very instrumental in having the system successful a poly emissions prior to his time at nasa. He was in leadership at the state department when the state department was going through this period of purging l g b t. People from the state department in the early fifties. And its not clear that james webb had any specific role in that, but he was in leadership in the state department at the time. And so then it comes into this, you know, what responsibility did he have to stop it . You know, was he a product of his time . Was he following orders when its very clear, the extent to which he was involved in this. So theres just a murkiness and it made people, it was a shadowed thing to be. It made people uncomfortable because you dont want to think that this incredible new instrument that was built for everyone named off to someone who wasnt for everyone. I understand that. So thats a great way of putting it. Let me you were going to say something. I want to add, i mean we will that james web space telescope. Its now being launched in error, which is where science is not a lot more open. And now we are a bay and available accessible people around the world in a way that maybe the Hubble Space Telescope are the Previous Missions of not have been, be now have the data that was released today is actually available for Anyone Around the world to download and analyze the software that we are using to license data is also more accessible. And i think because i dont, world post pandemic has also changed where we are now more able to connect with each other or conduct meetings and researches on by. I think we are moving to an era where with the james server that we will see people from all over the world are coming in into and, and getting, you know, getting to do science with this wonderful tells them in a way that, that has not have happened before, but i think there is, you know, there is a lot of things to look forward to. Now im here most most certainly and among them as much as i want to look for it and we should and there is so much to look forward to. I want to ask you just for a little bit of context, renee, you know, hubble versus web if you will. The last time nasa launched an observatory of such kind of importance and significance. It was really deemed a disaster if im not mistaken. In 1090 some, you know, astronomers like sandra faber, others saying it was an absolute kind of catastrophe. Why is that . And i dont want to focus too much, but, but how would you compare this moment . Well, i hobble lead the what youre referring to is one hobble was launch. He had some eyesight problem and we had that that was an issue. And a mistake made which these things are not easy to do, of course. But of course we, we learn from, from, but it was fixed, you know, because the hubble was closed is close to the day of the earth orbit. So we could send the shuttle and change the is meant to crack its eyesight. And then how long came back with his good eyesight and that, you know, i to a truly who was like astronomy. Now we learned from that, and before that we were very careful with you, not repeat the same mistake and no, theres no problem with the telescope. And as i said, i, its a very complex machines, but its deployment, and its the and that. So commissioning went fairly smoothly. And so, you know, we should, we should be proud at one point i want to mention is that what is very significant about his project is that this is an international project. And we live in trouble times with wars, ukraine, and his were some project where you many guest together and with common goals about understanding the universe. And that was a quite and then an achievement to, to, to do this, you know, a, nasa and europe altogether to maybe still go now for the well, no, everyone can use the cells go most certainly. And i, i appreciate you making that point. I also, you know, just looking at some of the numbers here. I mean, just to put this into context for jessie, i might be wrong, but i think the universe is about 13000000000 years old and weve been around for what about a 1000000 years. Again, my math is horrible, but the point being with all these trillions of galaxies and just seeing those images, how they compare, what, what can you share with us about how this gives us a new kind of macro sense of where we fit into the world. And where to invest our resources in the future, a lot of people might say, why spend 10000000000. 00 looking into outer space when we could be spending it here to fix our planet earth . Yeah, these are really big important questions. And its not a small amount of money, right . Its, its a reasonable amount of money. I would say it comes back through the fact that you reference this at the start of the show. These are some of the humanities oldest questions like where do we come from . Are we alone and where are we going . And the deeper we can look into the detail of the universe around us, the closer we get to the answers to those questions. My can, i think a lot about what it would mean if we found life on another planet, you know, how would that change society . Would we all just get up in the morning and read the newspaper and the headlines would change the next day, or would it change something fundamental about how we treat the planet and how we treat each other and how we treat the universe . You know, theres a lot of talk about colonizing miles for instance. And thats really interesting and problematic. Like are we allowed to just go and take over space that didnt always end well on earth . So we have to think really carefully about what were doing and things like with t give us the information to make more informed decision, better decisions about what were going to do as a species. While i was on please, rene. Yeah, i just want to add that, you know, we, we often take for granted all we have around us, right . But we dont appreciate all the innovation that we have. Im has an origin. And in fact, that when you go in details, it goes back to an answering basic questions. For example, give you an example. The camera that looks at me is a technology that was the device in the mid seventies. Not to do a camera to do tv shows, it was a equip the Hubble Space Telescope. You to understand the universe. And so this is to, you know, nasa fundings to develop technology. And now todays, this everywhere, not just the tv, this is medical imaging. So, you know, you should think astronomers if we can see each other and they get selfie. This is, you know, the, the, we are a curious species and this is the curiosity is the deepest root innovation. So fundamental science is fundamental to all we have around us. I wrote that down. Curiosity is the deepest root of innovation. I feel like so much to put that on a t shirt. Let me, i know you want to jump in, go ahead and just to add to that, the budget thats being invested in jane said thats over a period of, you know, 25 years. And, but thats only a fraction of the cost that the nation has built as telescope spend on military budget every year. Ive seen a lot of debate about whether we should be spending more money, whether we should be investing this money in education. Well be, are doing days because we want to learn being right universe and that its all coming back to that and thats and thats a great point. I actually want to put another question to you. A lot of people on you tube asking about black holes and i know theres, theres always a conversation about that online. We have already been saying how far back in time can be looked with this telescope. I know, let me thats what you focus on. I do want to just piggyback one more question here that was sent to us from denise laurence. Take a listen and then well come to you, let me so id like to know if you have images of black holes. And if you can even see a black hole, so how far back can we look, and are we seeing black holes . Well, we are trying to figure out how far can we live . We are trying to find, you know, the galaxies, the structures that have formed in the 1st few 100000000 years of the universe with the 1st maybe 400 me there. We ears, right after the universe. And i guess the answer is just wait or 2. Well just have to wait to find out how far i think if you look at the good answer, quick quick poll across our panel before we go. So the telescope has, as we heard already detected water in the form of steam, you spoke about potentially methane and other gas is being detected. Renee, will we detect signs of alien life for lack of a better term in the universe within 10 years . Thats what some nasa scientists are saying, jessie, your vote yes or no . I dont think they 10 years is to show it. Give me 20 to 30 years and ill say yes. All right. What about you . Renee . I was going for 2 decades. Yeah, 1010 years is a bit short. Is then yours is a bid. Sorry, im yeah, yeah, i would say along the same line. Yeah, you know, renee and jesse say still go back but go ahead, renee, quickly that you know yet your allies to decays, this is very short. It means that we, our generation will see this groundbreaking discovery, and thats really the straight thing about it. So we humanity as Reach Technology maturity, transfer that question and that, you know, we should appreciate that its really amazing. And im not going to say that web is going to do that. And as i said, its gonna make join step to understand the habitable deal breed. I think in 5 you will say, okay, heres a planet we know theres water in in, is atmospheres and is all molecules and the looks like this maybe habitable. Well, thats the place to look at. And this will probably have odd emissions, order b tells come on the ground truly look at the system. This is where web will make it will then a major discovery. And then just to clarify, you know, weve discovered water and oxygen, or am i wrong about that, jesse oxygen i to, im not sure about molecular. Okay. We have seen water. We have seen methane, we have seen Carbon Dioxide and carbon monoxide. I think sodium, i dont know about oxygen, i dont know what the canal and when we, okay, we havent, we have that very. I dont know im, im pretending i know and concoction of things need to be found to determine that there is live out there now. Im joking, but certainly a topic that really opens and expands the mind even if its hard to wrap your mind around this discovery and all the Discovery Discovery is that lay ahead. Thank you so much. Jesse renee and im yeah, thats all the time we have here. At the stream for today. Thanks for watching and see you next time. 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