Footballing legend at a canton introduces the nino in the battle. A water gun used his beloved game to help himself and others survived the horrors of a matching concentration. What bold rebels on al jazeera ah ah, youre watching l just there, a reminder of our top stories, the salad. The British Government is making a dramatic. You turn on, its many budgets that was announced 10 days ago. Chancellor quasi quite king, is reversing his proposed scrapping of the top right of income tax the killing of to palestinians by Israeli Forces during a ride on the jealous own refugee camp has sparked outrage in the occupied west bank. Israel says its soldiers opened fire up to palestinians, trying to random with their car. Ukraine is claiming more progress in its counter offensive against Russian Forces in the east. President for lot of miss lensky says, his forces have reclaimed the strategic town of lee man. For the 1st nobel prize for 2022 is about to be announcing stockholm sweden. The prestigious award is given every year in several categories. This year medicine is the 1st to be met announced lets listen. I am down. Open up for questions. Nobel for shambling on the carolyns institute, the tory door. This lived up up nobel. Today is that each piece you lucky, adler, medicine or shoe google and russia for scam tin. Dear las spahn, the parable forward hand. So protect that, roared on the, even though that home on the nash out of smart. So managements and was shown that Nobel Assembly at carolyns institute at has today decided to ward the 2022 nobel prize. Seems fishy all a job. Madison to sponsor parable for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct home in ins and the human evolution. Here he is on the laureate santa payable was born here in stock on, in sweden, in 1955. He performed his prize winning star this at the university of munich in germany, and at the Max Planck Institute for evolutionary anthropology in leipzig, in germany. So now i turned to, were our mother dell, a member of the Nobel Committee, who will now describe the discovery. So please on thank you for and closets this years nobel prize concerns. Human evolution. Humanity has always been intrigued by its origins. Where do we come from . And how were we related to those who came before us . What makes us different from human ins that went extinct before a pair was discoveries, knowledge was derived mainly from poly, ontological and archaeological findings. Bones and artifacts from extinct relatives were found at multiple sites around the world. One famous example is than the undertone discovered in 1856. Many questions, however, could not be answered by analysis of ancient bones and artifacts alone. Questions such as how we and our extinct relatives are related to each other. And importantly, what makes us difference . The innate technology offered a new way of addressing these intriguing questions. Dna holds the code of life gradually changes to this code. Mutations formed the basis of evolution and these mutations to remain in our dna as traces from our ancestors. Ourselves contain dna in 2 different compartments. The long nuclear dna carries the overwhelming majority of our genes, but the small mitochondria dna is present in thousands of more copies and therefore easier to study. Son, the parent was from an early age fascinated by ancient human history. While using Dna Technology for his doctor and studies in immunology, he also attempted a Society Project to use these modern tools for studies of ancient human remains. He soon realized that this is extremely challenging. Since ancient dna is damaged by chemical modifications, it is also fragmented and crescent in extremely low announced together with contamination from micro organisms and present the humans. Santa pebble therefore embarked on a long series of rigorous Technological Developments that lasted over 3 decades. He performed much of this work on next thing at the animal species, but his goal was a seemingly impossible task. He aimed for our closest relative that he under turn, that went extinct around 30000 years ago. After setting new experimental standards in this challenging area pair, but 1st set out to retrieve and analyze the undertone mitochondrial dna, he obtained a bone from beneath under tell cape specimen that had been discovered in 1856 from a small piece of this bone. He managed to extract and sequence mitochondrial dna. He compared his new sequence to present their humans and to chimpanzees, and found that the new sequence was different from both of them. This was an important milestone. Pebble had proved that it is possible to retrieve and sequence dna from 40000 year old bones. Mitochondrial dna, however, it contains very limited information and pair was ultimate goal was to sequence the 3000000000 base pair neanderthal nuclear genome, which would allow in depth analysis. And comparisons across multiple genomic regions. The human reference genome had been sequenced in a Huge International collaborative effort. And the temp and c reference genome sequence was also available. Sequencing the nuclear genome of the next thing at home. And in however, seemed impossible. Pebble embarked on his bold plan and for this he needed more bone. Thanks to his strong, international networks, he managed to obtain 3 bone specimens from been dea caving crecia, together with additional material from germany, germany, russia, and spain. All along, he refined and optimized his experimental procedures by a skillful use of new high throughput sequencing technologies. And by bringing together as a large, International Group of collaborators for advanced computation of analysis, pebble finally achieved the impossible sequencing and assembly of the me on the top geno for the 1st time important questions on our relationship where the neanderthal could be addressed. The time of divergence could now be determined to around 800000 years ago, payable. And his team, all so surprisingly, found that gene flow had occurred from the under tells to homer sapiens demonstrating that they had Children Together during periods of co existence. Importantly, comparisons could now also be made to search for differences between the under tell st hope was sapiens differences that may underlie features that are unique to all humans living to day pebbles team also retrieve dna and from a minute finger bone found in denise to the cave in the alti mountains in southern siberia. Again, they started by analyzing mitochondrial dna. And to their surprise, the sequence was different from both present. They humans and from the undertones pebble had discovered a completely new home in an entirely by analyzing and comparing genome sequences. This was a sensational discovery the new hallman and was given the name then isa. Payables team next analyzed the nuclear. The niece of our genome sequence enabling important investigations. Neanderthals and denise events were shown to be says through groups diverging from each other around 600000 years ago. They further found evidence of gene flow from the needs of our inter melanie sion, homo sapiens, indicating that mixing had occurred some to pair bus ground making discoveries have provided important new knowledge regarding our evolutionary history. Nan details and denise events lived in different parts of europe and asia for hundreds of thousands of years and adapted to these environments. When home a sapiens evolved and lived in africa. By mixing with them, after migrating out of africa, homo sapiens picked up sequences that improve their chances to survive in their new environments. We now know that present their humans in europe and asia can carry one to 2 percent of neanderthal sequences. And that asian and Southeast Asian populations carry an additional up to 6 percent. Then east of us sequences. Examples include a gene variant that improves living at High Altitude into bethany and sequences that affect our immune system response to different infections, no extinct harman and dna has yet been sequenced from africa. Since conditions for preserving archaic dna are poor in tropical climates. Thanks to new advanced computational methods, it has still been possible to find indications of gene flow from as yet unknown archaic hominids into homo sapiens, on the african continent. Through his persistent and innovative work, this years nobel laureate, established a new scientific discipline, paleo genomics. This area is now expanding dramatically after the discovery cited here, pebble went on to generate genome sequences from many additional neanderthal anthony silva, individuals in parallel genome sequences from ancient homer sapiens have also accumulated from different time points and different jo got graphic locations by Research Groups around the world. By using sun, the pair was archaic. Genome sequences for comparative studies. Important lessons are being learned regarding our evolutionary history, including how we spread across our planets. Santa pebbles, groundbreaking discoveries allow us to address one of the most fundamental questions of all. What makes us unique like us, neanderthals had a big brains, they lived in groups and they use tools. But these changed very little during hundreds of thousands of years until the neanderthals for unclear reasons disappeared. Homo sapiens, on the other hand, rapidly developed complex cultures. Figurative art and advanced innovations, they crossed open waters and they spread to all parts of our planet. The basis for this Dramatic Development must lie in genetic changes that occurred after we separated from the under tiles. Anthony salons not so long ago by providing genome sequences from our closest extinct relatives found the pair, but has provided a novel much more recent Reference Point for studies of who we are and where we came from. Thanks to his seminar discoveries, genetic variance that are shared among all now living humans, but absent in the under tufts and in this events have been identified. The list of such genetic variance is not very long. Understanding they are functional implications, is the focus of intense research. Bias found the pair bo himself, but also by other scientists. Thank you. Or so we will now open up request down to our help. We have the good luck courson. Here. This tom who is a professor at the carolyns institute. Im a member of the and about committee. Neil, youre on our home as a professor at the institute, im chair of the committee. Okay. The nobel prize for medicine has just been awarded to sweden, fontes pabo for his discoveries on human evolution. While paul reese is live for us in stockholm and poor, what more can you tell us about his work . Well, these announcements saw shrouded in the utmost secrecy until they are announced, as you, as you heard, live just in the last. In the last 10 minutes, i can tell you a little bit about sante pebble though, and he was born here in stock homes. I wont be at still live, says i wont be a long journey for him at to come to receive his prize on december the 10th and the son of a swedish father and an estonian at chemist mother. He studied it up sali university, just a, just about half an hour north of start home. I wont try and deconstruct his work on the, at the under tall yet. Oh, my think they Nobel Prize Committee just did a, a fairly good job of that at themselves for you there. But as i, as i said these, we never know whos likely to get these prizes until theyre announced. And there was quite a lot of buzz, and that may be this year, the prize might go to catalina carrico, andrew, vice men for their work on the m r n. A vaccine used by pfizer and montana in combating cove at 19 am. However, the Nobel Committee are notoriously keen to make sure that the, the breakthroughs made in science have been proven over a long period of time. And theyve perhaps decided at that, that, that discovery that break through, even though it took some 40 years, hasnt been proved enough in terms of the vaccines given for coven 19. So i suppose work on that the and not neanderthal yet. Home is a little bit more established in time and thats perhaps at why as funds a pabo has been the re recipients of the medicine prize this year. Thank you very much. This pull race for us in stucco. Early results for elections in Bosnia Herzegovina show, reformists and moderates, winning the cro, it and both the president ial seats the vote was held to elect 3 members of the shared presidency. Plus parliament, with a campaign was dominated by a nationalist and separatist rhetoric and is seen as the most important votes since the end of the war in 1995. But im now joined by acid bake, who is following the developments and sorry over m. S a. Whats the latest to results were the thing stand now . While the Electoral Commission has made an announcement this morning with around 85 percent of the votes counted now for the boss next seat of the presidency. Remember the 3 seats bosnia crutch and serve for the bus next. Each dentist becerra which is in the lead. In fact, last night he declared victory and hes private, barclays, bakovich conceded defeat. Now this was seen as a bit of an upset because this is the 1st time at no national park. Your individual hasnt won the seat of the presidency. It shows for many people here that voters are choosing liberal, liberal and reformist candidates now, which are, which was backed by an alliance of opposition parties, not for the surf seat. They had not no real surprises. There is a separatist leaders are elected from Republic Services that separate entity within this country are 2 entities. That is joe luciana, which so, but the all eyes were on the cracked seat. Now, so far it shows that jellico a crystal is in the leads is in the lead. Now he is loved both by a joke or comes that hes, hes like both by crowds and was in muslims. Here is someone that refuses to play by boston. Boston is ethnic device, in fact, he fought on the Bosnian Muslim side in sarajevo during the war. Now all eyes were on that track seats because the fear was that if 2 separatist were elected, once up one tried. That would mean 2 thirds of the presidency would be controlled by separatists and give them key control over institutions such as the military and ambassadors. And you could be faced with a situation where you have diplomats are put forward talking to western powers that have no interest in the unity of Bosnia Herzegovina. Now, over in republic, sir scott, that separate entity that they were voting for their president. Now miller r dondo was a separatist leader. He is in the lead, he just served as the president , one of the president of Bosnia Herzegovina. And that he standing for the presidency of Republic Services. Now he is someone that is backed by cindy, in fact was in moscow, he backed the the war in ukraine and has said that he wants republic serves, got not to be a part of Bosnia Herzegovina, but so far, 85 percent of the votes are counted and it looks like reformist candidates has seemed to have taken 2 or 2 of the the 2 of the 3 president president s receipts carry a high representative who made an announcement when polls closed, what did he have to say . But yes, he made the announcement as polls crew across christian schmidt. Now he is a high representative. He is tasked with overseeing the the civilian implementation of those dates and pisa called those pizza codes that ended the war in 1995. Now he made changes to the constitution, a lecture election law, as well as numbers to the house of peoples, and how they are elected, as well as giving a 30 day deadline after the election for, for them to form a government. Now, the United Kingdom and the u. S. Have backed these changes. The e u has said that he himself may alone made these changes. But they said that these reforms were needed. Now, inside bosnia is seen as controversial, he has his overarching powers. He is seen as a an unelected individual thats the being imposed by the west. And i spoke to some of the parties yesterday and they said that there were examining the text. But the fear is that these changes that he has brought about will strengthen certain separatist elements within the country. So yes, that is very controversial inside bus. Now, because he is seen as a western imposed individual with all these powers. Okay. I said, beg for us in sarajevo. Thank you. The keener fossils, military leader, paul henry, at amoeba, has agreed to step down. Days after Army Officers announced he had been disposed. The crew is the 2nd to begin afar. So this year, religious and community leaders, health mediation talks between to member and the new self proclaimed liter abraham, the tray or a to resolve the crisis. Improve at a much angelou than we really need to change the page. We need to go fast. The whole country is in a state of emergency, so everyone at this level must be able to move faster rope and abandoned unnecessary tapering to live in bull kinna. Everything is urgent from secure to defense, to health, to social action, or to infrastructure once everything is urgent, high food prices and poor harvests is causing mel nutrition among children and sudan. The childrens agency says at least 3000000 of them are suffering from malnutrition. With at least half a 1000000 an urgent need of assistance. Recent floods that have destroyed hundreds of thousands of hickey as a farmland, a prompt and concerns that the number will rise even more. Hip morgan reports from casala in eastern soda. When am moods one year old daughter, how was started to lose weight 4 months ago . She thought it was just a phase, but how was health continued to deteriorate . And now am now has brought her to a Malnutrition Center for treatment. Then i it wouldnt only tell ye because of the cost of food in the market. Most of the time, we can only afford to give her milk. Things are very expensive. And even when i nurse her, theres not enough to keep her full hundreds of children in castle out here in eastern sedan suffer from malnutrition. Its the result of a poor harvest the previous season that caused food prices to rise and left many families struggling to provide for their children. Recent floods have also destroyed hundreds of thousands of factors of crops raising concerns about food security, especially in rural areas. The u. N. Says 3000000 children around the country are suffering from malnutrition. Some cases are so severe, its Something Big growth with some children, hardly gaining any height as they age. 8 year old son mahmud is one such case. Glad have gotten the are okay. You the alaskan a cellphone . When he was 4 years old, he was eating little. Sometimes he went to bed without dinner. Now all his cousins, the kids in the neighborhood were born around the same time, have chrome, but he still the same height. Have a 1000000 of the children suffering malnutrition are categorized as severe cases and in urgent need of aid. According to the childrens agency, eunice have so a 1000 a month old ma from so from noon. And hallmark malnutrition is responsible for to therefore 50 percent of children under 5 shoulders, an urgent need for the different sectors to come together to address the root causes. We have already started a Cash Transfer program for mothers mom, and theyre starting to come to transfers for prenatal and postnatal checkups. But we need to expand that to include as many mothers as we can. I am no hopes her daughter regains her health. All but fears that as long as she struggles with the ability to afford food, her condition will get worse. He bo morgan al jazeera, aroma casala. At least 7 people have died from cholera and haiti. Though the 1st cholera related deaths in 3 years, its happening as the country faces crippling gang violence. There are shortages of fuel and clean water, and hospitals are struggling to function. Hearken all lean is making its way towards Mexicos Pacific coast. The category 3 hurricane is heading towards the tourist towns of mars at ian and san blas. Puerto vallarta has closed its port so all marine traffic willing is expected to make landfall on monday. For fans of football woke up post cut. I got to see their team up close at an open Training Session and to her after a series of friendly matches in europe, the scores were back on home soil ahead of their 1st appearance in the files that kick off next month. Santa hammock, ripples for a team with big hopes and big expectations on their shoulders. Ah, what else plays carry the dreams of a football, loving nation. And theyve made the connection with their support is that the hope Group Carried them through the wall cup. Thousands of fans are here to watch their National Team training. It shows how excited katara is and the belief that they will make a statement in their woke up with john, would it be with the most along the loudest or head with all these people, all these kids you regards or this is what the football form that we are working route, bring, oldest will keep the people happy. Im proud of the dont visual. It will be very nice if that is these are much fear in the i woke up games reporting, i sure it was going to help us every effort to has been made for the team. It to be perfectly prepared. The group had been together for months, taken away from their club commitments and this squad horn just there to be the host. Make up the numbers at this tournament. Cutter and the current asian champions. With high hopes of reaching the knockout stages than the lab, youll have bud wilkin in there and im confident that the players will give their best and all 3 matches and that we will go through. We will give a performance that will be up to the level of the organization visual company, and we will make our country proud in this group of players the, the show many kinds of data ready competitive. We know that refreshing for you, ready for national beams ready . Strong. They have a story in the, the old gods and all theyre going to be shown drug rosure one of the right door to play or a maximum level on the fact to play a bomb. We hope that hes gonna give us extra with the help of the people go right to the well and go pizza. Or highest level. Woke up was always an opportunity for clutter to put itself on the map. And if their Football Team can deliver at the tournament, it will leave an even greater Lasting Legacy on homeless. Ill just here still have or that is all for me, tom mccrae for now. But marlene will be here in a moment with a full and use our with much more of the days news stick around little is more distressing for a woman than a month 20 pregnancy going horribly wrong aside from them being punished for it. El salvador, strict abortion laws have seen women incarcerated for years. Some say their only crime was a devastating stillberg, an empowering story of one womans struggle that ignited a movement. Miscarriage, of justice. A witness documentary on al jazeera. Ah ah. Ah. Indonesia your investment destination, the worlds 10 largest economy is busy transforming, ready to beat your business. Partner with a robust talent pool, politically and economically stable and strong policies being the power house. Indonesia is confirmed by the g. 20 presidency, bringing opportunities for you invest indonesia. Now ah