Ah, ive a picture of the headlines here on al jazeera, ukraines military says russia has attacked its main port in odessa, less than 24 hours after moscow, and keep agreed to release grain exports from ukraine, southern ports. Russia denies the claims, but you are secretary of state is also blaming moscow saying, attack cast doubt and how committee the russians are to fridays deal. The World Health Organization has declared the monkey box outbreak at Global Health emergency. The highest alert can issue more than 16000 cases of the virus have been reported across more than 70 countries. We have an outbreak that has spread around the wood rapidly through new mod itself, transmission about which we understand truly to and which meets the criteria in the International Health regulations. For all of these reasons, i have decided that the global monkey books outbreak lee presents a public cold emergency of international concern. The libyan governments being urged to drive out rival arm grooves from the capital. Tripoli after 2 days of deadly fighting. At least 16 people were killed in confrontations involving members of a special unit and the president ial guard into his ear, hundreds of protest as rallied in the capital against mondays plan. Constitutional referendum gives president chi side mo, hows remove some checks on his leadership and reduces the role of the judiciary. Critic say its another step towards one man rule. Now, on the eve of this referendum, we want to tell the chinese eons that this is a state of revolution. Whether or not this referendum passes. It will not prevent the crisis of political legitimacy. We will boycott this referendum and are determined to struggle against the absolute autocracy until she nicea regains. Eats natural democratic status and International HumanRights Groups are appealing to sri lanka, new president , ronald wicker. Im a singer to order Security Forces to stop using force on protested. Hundreds of troops cleared their main poachers. Camp on friday at toms, violently, shall anchors in the grip of its worst economic crisis in decades. Those were the headlines. The news continues here now to 0 after inside storage station. Thanks for watching bye. For now. Ah, june is is president once more power . So on monday theres a referendum to change the constitution to do just that critic say chi side wants to cement a power ground. What kind of political system does the new constitution propose . And could it lead to renew turmoil in the birthplace of the 2011 arab spring . This is inside store. Ah. Hello and welcome to the program and burnetts protesters in tunisia. Se mondays referendum on constitutional reforms is illegal. The proposed changes would sideline parliament and remove most of the checks on the president s power Opposition Group say its a return to autocracy. As chi side a suspended Parliament Dissolved the Supreme Judicial Council and started ruling by decree. Theyve approved the new constitution would end the hybrid president ial parliamentary system blamed for the political in fighting that his power ised june. It is post revolutionary governments. Russell 3rd r as more from todays more than a decade after tunisia support the arabs being uprisings and now the country is to work on a controversial constitutional referendum which will be held on 25th of july. There have been several protest across the many cities in the country, particularly on hobby will give us read in the capital city off to an s. So the turn now is going to be critically important on the day of the referendum. And this protests are being organized by the National Salvation phone, which is a combination, a coalition of the Political Parties against the crew. And they are calling for a boycott, the turnout. The participation on the day of the referendum is going to be critically important for both parties. Thats why this Political Parties opposition parties are calling for boyhood because they say that if this referendum is adopted, its going to. And the parliamentarian system, which was adopted in 2014 and turn country into a executive president ial system. And the critic says that this constitution will give full authority to the president over judiciary over the parliament, over all the state and Public Institutions in the country. And they feared that if there is a constitution is adopted, that could paved way back to a tarion ism in the country. Once again. The so sad that for inside story tennis now ahead of the vote. Busy is what people had to say on the streets of the capital cheese management. I will not participate in the referendum simply because it does not represent me. It is the constitution of one individual, the president. He didnt even Pay Attention to the committee that was responsible for drafting it. He dropped at his own constitution so he can exercise his dictatorship at home. One of the chapters even protects him from accountability. How can i surrender my life to him so that he will not be held accountable . He is not a prophet. Another smith. I will accept this constitution. Even if they consider it a coo, i supported him. The important thing is that there is an honest person. I support this constitution where the crew, as they call it, ill participate in the referendum and i agree with k said, we are with him in his victory over the islamists and the new assembly minute hughes had ellen in it. It is not possible to talk about the application of democracy when people are hungry. Poverty is increasing and crime is high him. It is also not possible to talk about Rural Democracy before achieving food and public security. Achieving self sufficiency and food and good education. Then its possible to talk about it many justified democracy without even understanding what it means. When is lets bring in our guests from june as a means sanusi as a political analyst and journalist from syracuse, new york is mohammed dear hm. Army, a political scientist and researcher at syracuse is universities, maxwell school, and also from tunis. Zayed. Our alley is a constitutional law specialist and a founder of the Arab Association of constitutional law. A warm welcome to all zaid. Ill begin with you. How does this new constitution differ from the one of 2014 . Well, if there is a large number of respects. So 1st of all, it differs in the way in which was written. The 2014 constitution was written in a process that was far more than this current text. This current text was written theoretically, pursuant to a consultation and the work at the commission. But. Busy ultimately, what happened is up and the problem received. The commissions work a different version was published, so we dont actually know who drafted the final version. It might have been the present himself, american, someone else from a small group of people. But in any event, the consultation and the work of the commission had to do with the final text that was ultimately circulated. Or the 2014 caused shingles job to pursue into a fairly long. Busy negotiated process, i dont want to describe it to laudatory terms with how to turn problems. But be southern very, these thing was negotiated texts between rival political groups. Thats on the 100 in terms of how was adopted in terms of its content. The 2014 constitution adopted, adopted a hybrid model whereby the president of the chief executive and Parliament Share power between them. They both rolled in short, leaving the chop and from the cabinet and also from the policy are this cost should be proposed. Constitution establishes was referred to as a hyper production system, which is distinct from traditional president ial system. A hyper president ial system which establishes one person firmly up the top of all state institutions and people, me, maker in relation to serious matters of policy. Ok, so i mean, does that sound like to you that this constitution has been written with one man in mind particularly . Well, yes, the constitution is fixed. I side Regina Regina is, is last year when he grabbed ours. Its. Busy was just remove the president ial system where the president ial is the sole ruler of the state. And he does not share powers with the fall them and over the chief the chief of governments. And thats what worries the civil and the parts of the positions. The fact that we are fully going from this system, this polymer system to a return of the president ial system and a very strong official system where it is hard to find any come through power to the, to the, to the president. Mama, dear, as a zayed mentioned, the 2014 constitution was passionately debated at a national level. But was there a problem with it in the way the power power was split between the president and parliament is as was allowed casey to do what hes doing in the moment. I dont think so. People were complaining about the design that we had in the 2014 constitution because of the instability that we saw, but doesnt instability of the last 6 years or, or 7 years, doesnt differ that much from us or to voluntary regimes or environment. The regimes in and in europe. I think the narrative that were seeing today that is putting the blame on the constitutional design is just some sort of motivated reasoning to find a way to dismantle what has been built during the last years and established a new person on a stick regime that fits science ah preferences, i mean zayed there was this a landslide, the case one the presidency within 2019. Is he able to claim legitimacy for what hes doing now . A from landslide victory . Well, im not ready to go unless theres double check and say about the other than to say that the legitimacy of the constitution should be distinct from his own personal. So him, the president , he certainly has the you can see in, within the system organize the election and his own populations as significant for commercial obligations support him. But it costs the shortest, then should not be linked to the personal legitimacy of the thing with the visual. So well have to wait and see on monday, how many people participate in the population participate in the referendum and of those individuals to participate. What proportion supported and then well have a lot more to say about the widget and the tax. I mean, is the president using the legitimacy claiming the legitimacy from east landslide in 2019 to push this constitutional change through . Well yes, hes using his victory in the Central Company to build momentum and to gain legitimacy for the new situation. While its very different, because this is a long term project, the constitution will be the source of flow. Fortune again for the next 10 years, maybe or even more. And thats what difference and as we have seen during the physicians that you know or didnt bother, i adore the government. And thats what louis this through now is a question and is an important question when you are going through establish a constitution. And there is, there is no, no size of the president losing any over the participation on monday. I think that in mind that he will impose the constitution whatever the number. Okay, well i mean, the thing is this far outside observe is the puzzle is often that into nicea site, suspension of palm and last year. What many people call a qu, essentially, just seem to receive widespread support. Why was fans and one does not seem to be still that support yet. So in fact, there was a preparation for what happened on july 25th in term of media discourse in terms of age on the grounds and side, famous as a security event. And this says that he talks about the threat of violence between citizens and he made his speech and military and use of you when we have had the say that make this kind of announcement, we have what we, what we called a radi effect, meaning the incumbent popularity tend to a, in athens, even in democratic, in establish democratic countries. The problem, however, is that most of those who are supported sy in did not imagine that it will change the constitution or even extend the state exception. And thats why we saw people changing positions starting from the 1st few months that followed the on the qu. But at the same time, sy managed to keep a certain dynamic is, or some level clergy. Ok, right. Theres no mechanism as far as we can say in this new construction for removing the president and looks like he can extend this 2 year term limit if he wants, depending on the Security System situations or it is that correct . Reading of businesses pay the way for decades of one man rule. Well the only way. Busy to move the president or even to control his power is to national actions. So if, if, for example, whether its the president or any other president was elected within the context of this constitutional system, the next election might take place in 2023. The dental elections and in those elections, if its the president or another president , if within the 1st year, its broad, the understood, or this consensus of the country that the elected president occupies the presidency, is incompetent at form a leading policy. And have any idea about how to form a coherent cabinet, then theres essentially nothing that you can do to either remove him from the presidency or even to control his power. Because if parliament decides to get to, to do create too much opposition to the present and then the what the public can do with this all parliament. Which is one of the reasons why this system is not the strike does a president ial system, but as a hybrid of the lunch system. Because even if its the present and self whose performance is problematic, will doesnt know how to formulate policy. You cant respond to the needs of the country than what he can do is punish other institutions. And no other institution has the right or the ability to circumscribe, to control his authority or to hold them accountable to move him to office. You would have to wait into the next actual cycle, which would, could take 4 years if what were talking about is, and someone fairly in the 1st year. So no, theres no other mechanism apart from things that might happen all out on the street. Theres no cost to like, it is generally just posted there for a 2nd while we look back and explain why we are where we are today. Not unity is often referred to as the only Success Story of our spring uprisings. The president s critics of accused in the returning the country to the autocratic system of pre 2011 and last year like i c sacked, the Prime Minister unsuspended parliament. In september he started ruling by decree, appointing, a new cabinet and setting aside parts of the constitution. 3 months late aside, announced a referendum, unconstitutional changes that would be held in july 2022 followed by parliamentary elections in december. So far, the shit hes dissolved, parliament shut down the Anti Corruption watchdog and find dozens of judges. A draft version of his constitution prompted legal experts to warn it could lead to dictatorship. So the president amended it slightly had of mondays vote. I also wanted to ask you, there is an interesting suggestion that the new constitution will drop references to islam as the state religion is bothered, digger and nod are the main opposition party. You think what, what does that come from . So, so we become sean la succession of events. So what originally happens is that the commission was established to, to, to prepare the original draft with the authorization. They floated this idea that article to the constitution. Article one of the constitution provided the state religion should be, should be amended or should be dropped together. And that was ultimately maintained in the draft of the president of one of the published. But he added in a new series of the new provisional article 5, which has its all wording and language about his law, the link between the states. And so ultimately, i dont know if this will make any difference in practice. I mean, you know, the relationship between religion and state has always been a little bit vague and unclear. Tunisia certainly not a secular. Some people made it out to the north and as religious and other people may be also on the other side of the spectrum. And ultimately whats gonna end up happening is that whoevers in charge of state policy will decide whether or not they want to use religion. For to inspire legislation, they policy or to stay with a opposition political position, whatever it is that they think its convenient for them, but i dont think the current boarding makes any major difference. Now, i mean high unemployment, high prices were key factors behind the revolution. In 2011 little is changed really since then. But the havent been these widespread protests on the streets again side that you have back in 2011 against the previous president. Why is that case . You think . Well, 1st of all, i think there is reason. First, the else is not really bothered with this election with district brenda. We are talking about something that is very promoted with legal term is very difficult to, to, to generalize the public opinion. So its really not a subject in the whole the whole population. Secondly, i think plays a role that the professors are not really free to do to do their to do their, their money. And theyre both as we have seen yesterday. Police during, during the, during the protest against the, against the new got the fusion. And we have seen many School Actors who have been injured or arrested by the police. A 37 arrest yesterday during the process in front of the municipal yes, your injury. So this is, this is, this is interesting because it is such a result. We havent seen too long. We have now we have multiple things when the right was written and now we have reached a new level of detail. Ok, mama did the protests on friday. They with a party organized by 3 major opposition parties and not having its own on saturday. Why does this opposition remain fractured and hes not able to come together to present the nighted from to help sky sites. Argument doesnt it . Yes, the opposite is factored for several reasons. The 1st one is lack of trust and inter Party Dynamics of the last year. At the last years, especially since the 2019 elections eroded a thrust between and now and those who are more in the center. And on the other side, you have those who are more on the left side of the spectrum who have tend to have more ideological antagonism against armed is the is amis, and do not, cannot, not even consider working, working with them. So inside is playing on that, in fact, is using legal cases constituted by a part of the opposition to attack the samus and, and theyre fine with that as long as i did that in their enemy. So far they, it, the constitution. The traditions were so proud of that they created after the after the spring. Its given several free and Fair Elections to new series delivered those, but its not delivered as we just touched on before, the sort of jobs and the dignity and the food that unit is a looking the changes in the looking for. Is there any hope this new version giving more power to the present will make things on life any better for trinity and little mean, the constitution doesnt say anything about those issues. I mean not a very, very basic level. If you look at the, the 2 bottom for june constitution and thats not a false tuition and this new proposed constitution. They all provide for associate economic rights of the all ready people wide for the Free Health Care and quality education and other so. So you can rights, but none of those rights are directly enforceable in the courts or through any other mechanisms into which is weve been the tradition here. Im going to court will never receive a dispute relation to those issues. And in 2014 that was not discussed, there was no change in disgust. The only the only disgust superficial changes to the wording was provisions, even though everyone knew that the warrant and force of. Ready and the same thing happened again. Now in 2022, theres no change to the system. So this competition only changes the system. Government previously was a plural system of government. Now its govern. Well, one person has a huge wants with already for an extended period of time, but it doesnt say anything about what mechanism, what means, what arrangements, ordinary intrusions, have to have to improve their Socio Economic status at all. So then they can still continue to still claim to call itself a democracy, that its transition from dictatorship to democracy and its still claim mount. I mean the, the problem with the system as it exists is that it depends entirely on the will and the behavior of the individual happens to be president. The system as is provided for the proposed constitution makes it very possible, very easy for that individual to capture all state institutions to determine all state policy and to remain in power for a. Busy long period time, completely unopposed. So if were lucky and it turns out that the person in charge of this present or another president is of good will and a democrat and so forth and it wont be a dictatorship. But if for whatever reason the person is doesnt want to behave in that way and the size to capture some institutions, youll be able to do it not by violating the tax, but really by applying the tax, the tax makes it possible. Ok so mama. Dear zaya, theyre suggesting that we need a good deal of luck for trinity to be able to succeed democratically do you see ty, side as the, the different president in the arab world . The one who will not seize power for his own good . What would do it for the benefits of the, of the 2 thousands of his people . Yeah, i dont think you would be that difference or may be the institutional design and the norm, the social norms will make, will read some resistance. And but if we compare him to either president s who did similar pose, so food or to go pay, and its very likely that he will end up establishing not only and retain regime, but also a personal, the stick regime in the sense that does not rely on institution, so for example, in most a very enter countries in the r word, there are institutions that share some level of power with the present either legally or defact and side is moving toward an extreme concentration of power. And that will probably lead to policy and efficiency, both the goal and stability. And from what we know about this kind of regimes, not only in the reason, but across the word that personalization of power. Ok then also to close the room for peaceful transitions of power. Ok. All right gentlemen, we are unfortunately out of time. But thanks to all our guests. I mean sanusi to mohammed dear her mommy and zaid are ugly. And thank you too for watching. You can see the problem again. Any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com, and for more debate, go to our facebook page. Thats facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. Youd also join the conversation on twitter. We are at a j inside store for me, bernard smith, and the whole team here. Ah ah. A one 3rd of all is that foot produced is the wasted with tens of thousands of put outlets. Towel in south korea has been transformed from west offender into bill by leader in for the recycling i the reporting on how your technology is making its possible in kenya, i made the pharmacy and sundays. Why do you think the soil, the lab nodes depend on water play, new place . Afraid or does iraq the latest news as it breaks . This decision basically said that the roe v wade decision was simply wrong. It is highly unusual for Supreme Court to overrule precedent with detailed coverage. 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