The heroic salaman konstantinovich apt spent 20 years translating these two huge houses. Eh, and some say that it is not written better than in german, i dont know how to evaluate it. Well, the other side of the matter is that our image of Foreign Literature during the 20th century. He has moved a lot from one place to another. Yes, and continues to say so, i continue your thought. I would also say that maybe this is why Foreign Literature still exists. Yes, it even means more for russia. What does this Foreign Literature mean for this country . That is here. Eh, the russian territory of russian culture is the field where foreign ones manifest themselves differently, of course, yes. This is a very important story. And that is why the position of a literary translator, which you have held for many years, changing here and there, is so important. Yes, but at first i didnt change at first, by the way, then i started translating for a Foreign Literature magazine, which youve been in charge for, uh, 15 years since the eighth. It seems to me years, yes 15 years. Yes, whatever, i would be very happy to do it. Eh, it was a pleasure talking to you today. Its mutual. Thank you very much. This was todays episode of the literary podcast. Let them not talk. Let them read. We spoke today with Alexander Yakovlevich legant, a famous translator from iskorsky and the editorinchief of, uh, the magazine Foreign Literature , and i, dmitry bug, at the end of our program, as always, i speak with pathos and energy. Enjoy reading to all of you. The podcast Everyone Wants to fly is on air on channel one, by the way, you can watch all the podcasts on our website 1tv. Ru. Uh, here, as usual, im Leonid Yakubovich and one of my favorite and best instructors, Nikolai Petrovich mochansky, general director of the minsk aero club, in my opinion, one of the best , at least of those ive seen petrovich, lets talk Nikolai Petrovich, youre a military pilot, colonel. Why aeroflop, but why aeroku club . It was ninety seven, yes, well, i came home to belarus and, in principle, started doing good work. Well, uh, but after 2 years, fate still pulled both desire and aspiration from life. Carefully return to aviation and take to the skies, that is, the two years that i did not work in aviation after my dismissal. Eh, ill say comparatively, maybe, as if i was somewhere on a business trip and the plane and the sky were far from me. And then i realized that i couldnt be in the oracle club on this business trip anymore. I came more than once, because this motor club and the leadership team, so to speak , of the Central Council of dosaaf graduated from it more than once offered me to work at the club and, of course, thinking that i had made a decision. Yes, i need to go back, i did it anyway, its amazing and completely returned the name to aeroflob. Yes, the center was real. There he had some other names. But we returned him to the minsk oracle dosaaf club named after twice hero of the soviet union sergei ivanovich, they say the good thing about the honored pilot, a belarusian, who in six months became twice a hero of the soviet union in the prewar period. This is our legend. And so i selected a team of good specialist pilots who were passionate about aviation. Parachutists, and together we began to raise and build the economy, both sports and flying. Why should there be an opportunity, first of all, for the purpose of raklubak, fly and jump . To attract young children, they lowered the age of admission to oracle from 18 to 15 years. They began to conduct a more thorough selection of military cadets preparing for the military academy of the republic of belarus. Tom and the range of their activities have greatly expanded. At that time , there was always an opportunity to attract young people, after all, oraclubs, but very support for the state. And i know, as always, you speak in terms of mobilization. That is, those guys who jumped three five, and some come even 200 jumps. This is a practically trained paratrooper, except for the tasks that he will be taught in the army, but he will always jump and land accurately, and this is the direction they chose. We are moving along them, and i will say there is a tangible result not only in the economy. I am the right thing, but i will say, we are very many children. Right now, lets say, there are 135 children studying. Maraclub is not free speaking of the fact that there are also those who invest little money, but they also engage in these sports. These wellmannered children are already brave. So lets talk. Not everyone is accepted with a parachute. Not everyone will fly. Eh, cultural people are busy and ready to defend the state. What percentage of those who go to your club then go into aviation, you can say that 15 percent go, you know, i was shocked the first time i saw the flying club, how many planes there were then, probably that by the time we were 80 there was a. Well, Something Like that struck me that saturday, sunday, the sides are open and the children are crawling everywhere, pulling handles, twisting everything with such glowing eyes, and then all week you restore this, but, but i saw repeating the eyes of the children. This is amazing this is not just a tour with advice. I still dont remember that somewhere there was such a raklub that you could climb into the cockpit like that, there were no such raklubs that had its own museum. Eh, but here this is a personal initiative of my team, why everyone loves aviation, from little to great. After all, parents know all about it they understand perfectly well that the time spent in the museum is in an airplane in a cabin under a cabin or under an airplane. Just take a walk and look at all sorts of equipment. This is a very necessary time, where a child forgets about his computers and so on, sitting in the cockpit, and the pilots protective helmet, uh, parents understand perfectly well that this can give an impetus to his profession in the future , he will look at the abundance of instrumentation equipment. This is what you need to know, this is what you need to strive for. We are not growing. Yes, i myself have personally seen how many times when my father says, look, you can see how the instruments are here. Dad says its impossible to learn this, he tells me, wait, but they fly from schoolchildren like you to cadets to pilots. They teach everything, but for this you need to study, that is, you see, this is also a kind of help and demonstration, in order to achieve something you need to study. By the way, i want to remember one moment that struck me, it was probably five years ago at an aviation festival, when the president arrived. Yes, you were the eightieth anniversary of the minsk club. And he asked like it. I say, like what do you think, i say, i think that military pilots should be trained here. He said well and smoothly, a year later a decision was made by the military pilots. Now cadets of the military academy of the republic of belarus are undergoing Flight Training in four araklubs in various areas. That is, we do the first courses on gliders, the second course on helicopters and airplanes we separate the guys and the fourth course graduation they fly already at aviation bases on the types that are intended for them, with the exception of airplanes they fly on the l39 in lida , that is, the system for training military personnel is built in our country and it is very correct, but i want to note that then he asked, i not cockroaches. Ill see how you take off, because everyone says that you have a lot of flying time on all types and so on. Do you remember we flew, we flew with you, we flew to the zone along the route , we walked at and he asked us to report to him , our president likes to set the task, but also check here, uh, ill say that you feel the plane. You have these qualities that are inherent in a real pilot in order to understand and feel and be in one with the aircraft. Ill say you love a helicopter now and more yes, but when we flew on a plane, but its simple and when i found out what a break you had. I will say that the first one speaks out, therefore, this is the form that is preserved for you. As a pilot, i tell everyone i know, why leader arkady keeps his pilots uniform, because he is studying all the time or he is flying somewhere at someones place at night or flying up to us or flying to us in a dream and he is really focused, he forgets everything and does what a pilot needs to do. Arkady is an example and model for us, okay. Okay, now. We are indeed several of all mochanskys pilots. We flew a lot together and found ourselves in difficult situations , both in snow storms and in fog, but still few people know that Alexander Grigoryevich lukashenko presented Nikolai Petrovich mochansky with an order. Behind what are two two orders . Why the first order of honor is because we train pilots well and with high quality. Eh, speaking of the club prepared for today. Uh, about 250 pilots. And you understand perfectly well that this is a piece of goods. This is a pilot, and a second order. For personal courage, on may 6 , 1918, while performing reconnaissance on a mi250 helicopter, the left engine caught fire. And for the fact that i put him down, uh , i put out the fire of hmm aviation equipment. Wait, this is all very short, the engine caught fire. Yes, it was 14 minutes into the flight, right . Reconnaissance, 40 minutes. Yes, almost only after takeoff the engine fire went off and the automatic system immediately went off. The first line worked. Yeah altitude 300 50 370 m the wind was seven nine meters gusts, 10 11, i immediately took the helicopter down and now you are picking up the pace. Against the wind to turn around and immediately look for a platform. First of all it works. Yes, i turn off the engine, left fire valve of the left engine, turn it off, dc with the left handle. I take control and look for the same place to put him. This is near minsk, everywhere in the countryside, populated areas. Lake vyacha is approximately in the direction so that against the wind i find a small field and i plan on it at an altitude of 150 m. I see it has not gone out. I now forcibly press the second fire extinguishing stage of the helicopter. Uh, and i see that everything is uh, and i have about 89 m s descent of the helicopter, so that every pilot understands faster than the ground, the faster you land, the faster. Uh, because until five. There, for three, four, five minutes , the aluminum will already start burning, the whole system will be on fire, everything about it will burn, and i look, well, 120 meters. Maybe the height was mountainous terrain. That is, if i land before the mountain, naturally, i wont be able to hold it, because landing is necessary for planes full of fuel. And the tank on one engine will also tumble over the mountain. And i find the top of the mountain with a moment of descent. Just now im looking at and vice versa and the screw, so as not to lose speed like a stone, and regarding the speed up to 120, about 120 speed from the stand. I get in the way, i hit, but before that i looked where else i could jump over from this mountain and the dacha nearby. The dacha is not far away and there is a lawn where water flows and bushes. I hit the landing gear and the propeller unwinds, i pick up the gas, jump over , sit on the rear landing gear, run, and at the end of the run. Let the front wheel go and there is a couple of meters left before the fence , uh, i quickly press the switch off, the third turn, something flames out at the fire extinguisher. Eh, so im showing that the engine is on fire . Otherwise i dont see it. She says there was smoke in the air. I opened the blister and opened the right door so that the smoke would not eat my eyes. So, uh, after that i turn off the right engine and they jump out. Unity i dont remember from which left or right jumped out because he started to remember the fire extinguisher. You will have to take it and, so as not to embarrass yourself, open it, as you have never used it, except for a machine fire extinguisher. He went out and took a fire extinguisher. I took a screwdriver between the fuselage and the hood, pressed my knee, and there the entire fire extinguisher was completely extinguished when i saw that there was no flame. I called the flight director to say that there was a landing in such and such a place without an accident without damage to the helicopter, and we, of course, turn off the engine so that it would burn and there would be no damage on the ground, then it would compress around the helicopter. I dont know five times i probably did some more pushups later, that is, i also need to let myself out for medical reasons. E faced, that is, to take the village, everyone, of course, ran. But when i said that this was a Training Session to take the helicopter away, everyone became uninterested. Everyone left, so we calmly towed the helicopters away. After some time we picked it up and tested it , now it flies. Well, a jacket. I saw him, which one is hanging . Yes, with holes with holes. One second from the moment of fire to the moment of detection. How much time has passed since fire until the wheels touch the struts, now im going uphill, about 40 3 45 seconds passed like this on the speedometer bar. You are watching a podcast, Everyone Wants to fly, this and all the other podcasts you can watch on our website 1tv. Ru today in the studio Nikolai Petrovich is a mochan first class pilot, a former aviation colonel and the general director of minsk aerob. I want to touch on one page in our biography. We filmed a film together about night witches, there was such a small plane of two in an amazing way, preserved with an engine original, on which was written the plant named after stalin, thirtyninth year, thirty ninth year, donated by pioneers and schoolchildren to the minsk aerol. Where is the plane from . So, i was in moscow on a business trip and found an engine for two. I find these guys sitting down and talking. We spent about 2 hours and agreed that we would build a plane. And three years later the plane was ready. You know amazing stories. You saw , in order to make a film, i flew on this plane for three days. I still am in fact. I dont understand how they worked. Almost 3 years in war conditions. I just dont understand this in an open cockpit for the first years without communication at all, well, about 100 km 120 km, speed plus free flow from the propeller. In the summer, even with a helmet. I was freezing, cold, a minus 25. And i remember a turn of six takeoff landings waiting for landing to the stalin line how old is he 30 minutes, probably 25 25 minutes round trip 50 minutes, and so we were on a conveyor belt, i flew off six times, and i was tired physically. And they had up to 18 sorties per night at 25. I just dont understand what it means, i dont understand how thats one of the urges. Why did i catch fire with this plane. I wanted to see it myself, as a pilot. What kind of work is this . Why were girls from 18 with an average age of 22 years old in the regiment in the womens regiment, which flew in twos and i wanted to see for myself to see for myself what kind of work it was, a danger to them and other factors that the girls could overcome . Im also not talking about flying in winter. How could it be possible to withstand all this in winter, and thats why i was passionate about building and giving others of todays generation the opportunity to watch this plane and gasp like girls at night in the cold. In the summer fogs, they flew everywhere, bombed and defended our homeland, which motivated every man to do some kind of work. You yourself say that i myself flew or am flying. Now he is flying a heavy aircraft, a very complex aircraft. Therefore, only after 600 sorties were the military heroes of the soviet union given a regiment raid. For the entire time of his stay during the great fatherland. Left 7,800 hours. This is a very big raid. That is, victory was very difficult for this regiment, i tell you im serious. Im a healthy man. There is a very difficult male effort, but now im not saying to hold the helm, but to step on the pedal. You just have to sit in the chair and move to turn the tail units. You just need to press it and stand in a chair. I dont understand how this happened. After all, i read this. Somewhere they had up to eighteen sorties per night. This means that they took off in the dark at six, well, approximately, and back at eight. Time to just jump out of the cabin to pee or drink tea, more, i dont have time to refuel back there and i repeat this. Just. Yes, its just cold, very cold, and plus everything else, theres a war going on. You still had to fly from the bombing searchlight. Uh, Ground Services antiaircraft guns are working misters are working on you. I dont swear to you until the whole couple. I dont understand how they held out, applauding the heroic , simple french girls when they first saw it, though for two years. They flew when they told the girls that all the flowers in the world should be given to these girls for their heroism. Even just because theyre sitting in the booth, its true. And i also want to touch on one thing that is painful for me. I am absolutely convinced and have received confirmation from many pilots that there are no better machines for initial Flight Training, like the yak18t , the yak52, two small planes and not two helicopters. And i dont know when it will be, when this time of the collapse of the soviet union , as everyone said, began to purchase foreign aviation equipment. For some reason, everyone forgot about their planes and helicopters. Im talking small aircraft. So lets call it all in one word, started to move back, of course its a shame, because the yak52 and yak18 and mi2 are the best so far. I want to say something, as a pilot who flies all types of aircraft, but do you understand what the problem is . In 2012, an agreement between russia and america was signed stating that aircraft with more than 125 seats should not be produced in russia. It was signed like this. You see, everything was done so that our aviation would be pushed back, what we have today for military pilots, except airplane. The yak52 is not better, both in russia and belarus there is a better helicopter than the mi2. No, because this helicopter is the most centric. It can be used in different directions. There is no better one, at night he flies on the drives in any weather, well, he can change the equipment, please, a yak18 plane will land at any airport. Uh, episode thirtysix , about ninetytwo. Well, maybe ill be wrong. In the ninetythird year of production. How long has it been 20 years . There are enough planes, but they are not being repaired; they purchased; they purchased vipers ; they purchased the given cost of aircraft; one and a half to two million dollars. In order to repair a yak52 aircraft or a yak18t aircraft you need. They are all in good condition, because the resource allows the airframe to be extended for this purpose there are akbayakovle. Ill tell you a little later. Uh, but nobody wants to deal with this, the cost of these planes, which the helicopter called the most expensive helicopter, if a complete overhaul with all the propellers is new, 320,000 dollars, the plane is 100,000 dollars and two and a half million. And so i would like to ask our officials. Well is it really impossible to make bulletins again , to make repairs, and even more so, they are doing repairs. I was just now in shakhty yak52. We repair our planes perfectly there in two. What a wonderful plant, well done. Well, i flew around. There are two minor comments that are more difficult, uh, with the mi2 complexity. Eh, small ones too, i ll say, everything is being repaired. The only problem with the engines and the blade blade makes rostov no problem. I saw a yak18r plane in shakhty , and the kurgan raklub was beautifully repaired. He flies on forest patrol. I almost missed it, but now everything is in order, preparation of the train is like this , please, take it, repair it and fly to you will find better in the near future when he starts telling me that tomorrow the day after tomorrow we will begin to fly over some plane or helicopter. I will also have it tomorrow, the day after tomorrow. It will be 2 3 4 years before it goes into mass production, initially on these aircraft. And this helicopter is better today. No, a pilot is, well, this is a craft, that this thing is for var, as you used to say, its always, uh, necessary prepare. Find it, find it, and then teach it. Now we have opened a department in Civil Aviation at our Aviation Academy in minsk, two courses have already been enrolled this year , Flight Training is already planned, based on the situation that has now developed in the market and not only in the market, in general the political situation is sanctions. Eh, so we are doing the first course of training for poison 52 and i will say that so many problems have arisen with our Aviation Department for a year, a year and a half or two. We decide how to fly, that is, we can train probably 52 children alone, and civilians cant, because icao, you see, the documents and cocoa are just a laugh. And what does it have to do with the new director of the dove department, the former commander of our air force, who has already come to us. Igor vladimirovich i think that the second course we are planning will resolve this problem. If we can buy them, these are vipers and third courses for us this is a twodoor italian plane, too, if we can buy them, but we dont have them on the 18th. Uh, that means, uh, this system has been built, it should work and uh give the children the benefit that the arabbluds have and airports that operate in the republic of belarus, the fourth graduating class is flying two active aircraft, they are already flying on instruments. How can you say there are approaches in the clouds, which means, uh, hes sitting at the airport and we will plan the graduation course, so that one or two flights will be carried out to the Russian Federation near moscow so that they feel themselves, which means we have a r44 helicopter and the graduation course flies on two, that is, the system. In principle, there is a lineup, yes, and they come out as officers plus the pilot, after the second year he gets a pipel when 50 hours swoops in. It takes 40 hours to get a pl and then they take two courses and remove them and upon graduation they increase the chains for our students this is a private pilot. And now this is a professional pilot, that is, we graduate a professional. Belavins order is eight pilots, er, annual pilots, that is, this system will already work constantly. It has already been worked out, but to perfection. And after that , suppose they leave, the white one retrains them from type to type under the simulator, naturally flights and then they are allowed to sit in a chair. In there are simulators in belarus, there are no simulators in belarus. Fuck russia, yes, well, in russia , ulyanovsk is different. Yes, yes, the system has been worked out. We already have yes listen petrovich but what about we flew in difficult weather conditions. Yes, work on refusals at the club. Surely the Training System includes difficult weather conditions and flight accidents on board. You never know what can happen, everything passes, everything passes. Yes please, the icing will all go away. Thank god, as far as i know, during our acquaintance i have not known anyone serious. But there was no incident in the depths. Yes, i ll say this, that uh maybe im already too old or what . I say i am in middle adolescence, but i try to adhere to the system that was developed in the soviet union; it was formed very correctly. The institutes of the academy of professor zhukovsky, professor, did not immediately. He says that an airplane is a creation of the mind, the mind of the hands of a man, in short, correct, because aviation is rocket science. Its all perspective. All the best has been collected, thats what it needs the same adequate people who sit in the cockpit. And everyone must go through any flight when everything is flying normally and look to the left, look to the right, suddenly the engine fails. Where will you sit . Suddenly look for sites. Yes . Eh, well, you see here, unfortunately, in books and in movies, romance is always shown more. And this is how it should be, of course, there is more love there, but a normal pilot is a pilot who carries and understands that he has 100, or even 300 passengers behind him. He always works for the future. He always thinks about that incident any refusal, how will he act . If you havent worked it out. Thats why the trainer. I know that you want to go to the gym. Take care of this business. This is a very good thing. This Smart Solution is unlikely to be useful to me. Ive been going to the simulator for six months now, damn it, 737. I dont know why we need it, well , in life everything will come in handy to work out emergency situations. They are always needed regardless of the type ; this is what saves the pilot. And the only thing the pilot will accept in a critical situation is, whats the problem . Uh, when we start sometimes to criticize without understanding what happened to the pilot or to the board, after all, in this situation you need to make the right decision , you make the right decision, knowing the weather, knowing, uh, the place, seeing the altitude, seeing how the instruments in the theater units and the Propeller Group work. How it works and you make the only right decision and it works for him, you just have to work for him, then the board will be intact and there will be people. You will save me. You and on earth will not be the destruction of one thing. We havent touched on you. Preflight medicine works great. Preparations are taking place at the depth club. Yes, there is complete preflight preparation by two doctors. We have them in control of this, a plus. Eh, i rarely saw when i traveled, here in the organization. Somehow a cadet or a student comes out of a plane or a doctor comes out of a helicopter. He checks who is suitable, lets check the pressure and pulse. That is, this is very important, because it makes it possible to analyze its condition. Health in preflight mode and during flights. Its possible after a flight, but after a flight, as a rule, the body weakens a little. A now, when he flew away, he will still need to fly. Here the indicators are very interesting ; we have a Medical Center equipped according to all standards, according to all the rules of the machine, plus my parachutists work in the youth machine there. In our country, too, all medicine is careless, because parachute jumping is what flying is all about. We pay a lot of attention to medicine. Plus once every six months or once a year, but not black passes. Yes, pilots undergo an independent inspection every six months. Eh, of course, also when there are no diagnoses. Why do this . But it is not we came up with the idea that we all pass, those who dont pass naturally leave. Lets remind you once again that it comes to aerocula. Children, at what age do we take independent airplanes. Helicopters from the age of sixteen can fly with the permission of their parents, but with an instructor this means that by about the age of eighteen we get a pilot; at the age of 18 we are already a person on the ice. Maybe 100 hours. Well, 190 hours of parachutism like that, for some, after graduating from the eleventh grade, up to 800700 jumps, and some of us became such an example, International Masters of sports class. Why did i miss 3 years . Well, let s say its all down by 2 years from 18 to 3 years. Why . Because, firstly, there is someone to take the formation of a young man further at this age. They are 15 years old now, they are very energetic and caring and are not becoming a regular. As soon as their eyes light up. It is no longer possible to extinguish the spark. They are mobile, and we take it , we dont have such that there are some restrictions. Everyone comes. We have a competition of about 25, in my opinion, there were 25 people for the place, you can imagine 25 universities, find one like this, but we are with everyone, the only limitation we have is in terms of money and fuel for flights. Here we have a limitation, so we charge a certain amount for flights, but you cant compare the price of a flight hour, it is immeasurably less than in russia because your state is already helping, your state in the judicial is the only country in the world thanks to Alexander Grigorievich e. All i can do is throw up my hands and lose myself in envy. From light. You just need to fly. Yes, its true, good words by the way. Need to just fly, even if you dont know how to do them in life, although you have to fly on the ground. This feeling is incredible, incredible petro. I didnt say im glad you came. Not because im glad to see you. Its obvious that you taught me a lot. I dont just hold hands anymore. For me, this is, well, this is life on the cheap. I will say that i may have given little, but i am also teaching you a lot, uh. Do you remember when we were in difficult conditions, well, we were so different from flights . Youre so