TAKEAWAYS
Section 553 of the Bankruptcy Code requires “strict bilateral mutuality.”
Thus, a creditor cannot set off an obligation it owes to a bankrupt debtor against an obligation that the debtor owes to the creditor’s affiliate (a so-called triangular setoff).
Creditors cannot simply contract around section 553’s mutuality requirement—it is a hard and fast prerequisite to any setoff effectuated in bankruptcy.
The Third Circuit’s recent decision in
In re Orexigen Therapeutics Inc., 990 F.3d 748 (3d Cir. 2021) holds that section 553 of the Bankruptcy Code, which governs creditor setoffs, requires “strict bilateral mutuality.” As a result, notwithstanding the parties’ contract, a creditor cannot set off an obligation it owes to a debtor in bankruptcy against an obligation that the debtor owes to the creditor’s affiliate (a so-called triangular setoff.)