The Makhnovists and the Mennonites: war and peace in the Ukrainian Revolution

This is a story about massacres that occurred in Southern Ukraine between 26th October and 7th December, 1919. The victims, avowedly-pacifist German Mennonites, included several women and elderly people; in Eichenfeld, almost one third of the village population was killed, including a 65 year-old blind woman. All the massacres occurred in the vicinity of the Makhnovist army. And then, after six weeks, they stopped.

Related Keywords

Germany ,Malinovka ,Leningradskaya Oblast ,Russia ,Ukraine ,Kazakhstan ,United States ,Paris ,France General ,France ,United Kingdom ,Wien ,Austria ,Kursk ,Kurskaya Oblast ,Sinyukha ,Krasnodarskiy Kray ,Komancza ,Podkarpackie ,Poland ,California ,Yekaterinoslav ,Dnipropetrovs Ka Oblast ,Chernigovka ,Zaporiz Ka Oblast ,Ebenfeld ,Stavropol Skiy Kray ,Kenez ,Vas ,Hungary ,Odessa ,Odes Ka Oblast ,Massachusetts ,Volga ,Yaroslavskaya Oblast ,Osterwick ,Nordrhein Westfalen ,Cambridge ,Cambridgeshire ,Aleksandrovsk ,Sakhalinskaya Oblast ,Wataman ,Khersons Ka Oblast ,Spain ,Neuenberg ,Hessen ,New York ,Moscow ,Moskva ,Melitopol ,Kronstal ,Stenka Razin ,Rostovskaya Oblast ,Kronstadt ,Sankt Peterburg ,Kiev ,Ukraine General ,Taganrog ,Zaragoza ,Baja California ,Mexico ,Nikopol ,Tverskaya Oblast ,Springfield ,Orenburg ,Orenburgskaya Oblast ,Yaroslav ,Komsomol ,Bashkortostan ,Dibrivka ,Zakarpats Ka Oblast ,Chekist ,Rsja ,Toronto ,Ontario ,Canada ,Adelsheim ,Baden Wüberg ,London ,City Of ,Zagradovka ,Sydney ,New South Wales ,Australia ,Simferopol ,Krym ,Avtonomna Respublika ,Maryland ,Bulgaria ,Peregonovka ,Kyyivs Ka Oblast ,Lichtenau ,Niederörreich ,Romania ,Hawaii ,America ,Ukrainians ,Germans ,Bulgarian ,French ,British ,Austrian ,Hungarian ,Canadian ,Russian ,Britain ,Hawaiian ,Spanish ,Ukrainian ,Soviet ,German ,Theodore Regeher ,Galina Kuzmenko ,Felix Schnell ,Abram Berg ,Makhnovist Kontrrazvedki ,Heinrich Schroeder ,Rempel Carlson ,Nikifor Grigorev ,Alexander Berkman ,Susana Bergen ,Isaak Teper ,Peter Letkemann ,Arno Mayer ,Victor Peters ,Tiege Klippenstein ,Adolf Hitler ,Pierre Berland ,Francisco Ferrer ,Alexander Grigorev ,Elisabeth Wiebe Toews ,Isaak Dyck ,Edinburgh Oakland ,Richard Luckett ,Kornelius Heinrichs ,Wilhelm Martens ,Joseph Kessel Makhno ,Aleksei Chubenko ,Heinrich Heinrichs ,John Urry ,Heinrich Janz ,Abram Enns ,Eichenfeld Selbstschutz ,Makhnovists Skirda ,Nikifor Grigoriev ,Loewen Prieb ,Ben Klassen ,Elias Tcherikover ,Gerhard Wiens ,Jacob Neufeld ,Pavlo Skoropadsky ,Elaine Enns ,Prischib Krahn ,Agafya Andreyevna ,Molotschna Selbstschutz ,Victor Azarov ,Lawrence Wishart ,Lioba Gorelik ,Skoropadsky Austro ,Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ,Bernhard Dick ,Viktor Belash ,John Kuhn ,Gross Tokmak ,Makhnovist Kontrrazvedka ,Ivan Topolye ,Schmidt Toews ,Tierray Libertad ,Deirdrich Neufeld ,Makhnovists Azarov ,Sean Patterson ,Kiro Radeff ,Joesph Kessel ,Krahn Reimer ,Dmitrii Donskoi ,Voline Azarov ,Evan Mawdsley ,Thames Hudson ,Symon Petliura ,Menno Simmons ,Nestor Makhno ,Richard Stites ,Gerhard Toews ,Aaron Toews ,Aaron Thiessen ,Daniel Hiebert ,Heinrich ,H Cantinef Perlman ,Abram Loewen ,Luther Blissett ,Max Nomad ,Chortitza Otrjad ,Jacob Epp ,Oless Gonchar ,John Xydias ,Samuel Schwarzbard ,Anna Baerg ,Ivan Schwajko ,Bolshevik Fourteenth Army ,Drozdov Division See Wiens ,Yale University Press ,Mining Institute ,University Of Toronto ,Cambridge University Press ,University Of Toronto Press ,Red Army ,Makhnovist Army ,Yale University ,Cambridge University ,History Of The Makhnovist Movement ,Kate Sharpley Library ,Story Of The Makhnovist Intelligence Service ,Insurgent Army ,Regional Congress ,Mennonite Historical Society Of Alberta ,University Of Manitoba ,White Army ,Second Campaign ,Second Regional Congress ,A Mennonite Army ,University Of California ,Makhno Air ,Osterwick Mennonite Historical Society Of Alberta ,Palgrave Macmillan ,Mennonite Studies University Press Of America ,Jewish Scientific Institute ,German White Army ,University Of Washington ,Princeton University Press ,Institute Of Anabaptist ,Longman ,Chechen White Army ,Princeton University ,Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute ,Selbstschutz White Army ,White Movement ,Ak Press ,Newsletter Of The Hanover Steinbach Historical Society ,Denikin Special Council ,Southern Ukraine ,German Mennonites ,Prussian Mennonite ,Petliurist Ataman ,Soviet Union ,Little Red Imps ,Fedor Schuss ,Bolshevik Dybets ,Elisabeth Wiebe ,Eichenfeld Mennonites ,Radical Reformation ,Eastern Ukraine ,Many Mennonite ,Russian Revolution ,Mennonite Victims ,Civil War ,Eastern Terek ,Ukrainian Revolution ,North America ,Old Testament God ,Russified Greek ,Several Mennonite ,One Mennonite ,Russian Mennonites ,Mennonite Germans ,Imperial Guardsmen ,General Mai Maievsky ,New Russia ,Lieutenant Hohmeyer ,Volunteer Army ,General Denikin ,Don River ,Colonel Zagreba ,Kuban Cossack Regiment ,Colonel Sweringen ,General Visentiev ,Drozdov Division ,General Wrangel ,Free Territory ,Special Council ,First Officer Regiment ,Sinyukha River ,Lieutenant Rozov ,Mennonite Historical Society ,Peter Von ,Commissar Snissarenko ,Makhnovist Organised Regional Congress ,Military Revolutionary Soviet ,Russian Civil ,Tsar Nicholas ,Great War ,Mennonite Civil War ,Soviet State ,Spanish Civil War ,Durruti Column ,Libertad Brigade ,New Haven ,Makhnovist Movement ,Makhnovist Intelligence Service ,Black Cat ,Borosenko Massacres ,Hanover Steinbach Historical Society ,Russian Civil War ,Soviet Archives ,Air Force ,Brian Faulkner ,Something About ,South Russia ,Mennonite Studies ,Aussiedler Images ,Soviet Mennonite Tragedy ,Eichenfeld Massacre ,Civil War Tragedy ,Ukrainian Mennonite ,Ebenfeld Massacres ,Revisioning History ,Restorative Justice ,World Ended ,Mennonite Historical Atlas ,Evil Tide ,Creativity Book Publisher ,Mennonite Army ,Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online ,Mennonite Historian ,Wall Redekop ,Mennonite Faith ,University Press ,Power Among Mennonites ,Christian Press ,White Generals ,Anarchist Revolution ,Conrad Grebel Review ,Russian Revolutions ,Historical Society ,Mennonite Genealogy Index ,German People ,Eichenfeld Village ,Chortitza Region ,Zaporozhye District ,Military Region Denepropetrovsk ,Tsarist Russia ,Them Apart ,New Imperial History ,Post Soviet Space ,Russian Popular Culture ,Mennonite Martyrs ,People Who Suffered ,Their Faith ,Songs Were Sung ,Makhnovist Partisan ,Kate Sharpley ,Unknown Revolution ,Free Life ,Black Generals ,Upper Volga Publishing House ,Joseph Kessel ,Mennonite Genealogy Data Index ,Hawaiian Holiday ,Helmet Huebert ,October Revolution ,Ukrainian People ,West Ukrainian People ,Western Ukraine ,Komancza Republic ,Russophile Lempko Republic ,Socialist Soviet ,Ukrainian Nationalist ,Ukrainian Nationalists ,Central Powers ,Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky ,Ukrainian Nationalist Symon Petliura ,Don Cossack ,Hetman Klimenko ,Like Makhno ,General Pavel Dybenko ,All Mennonites ,Petliura Ukrainian Nationalist Meleshko ,Makhnovist Simeon ,Second World War ,Jewish Ukrainian ,