A barge on the Mahakam River with coal from the mining area in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. (Photo: Bay Ismoyo/AFP, Getty Images)
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The process of turning coal — possibly the most carbon-intensive and environmentally harmful fossil fuel — into a liquid gas fell out of favour after World War II, due to its high cost, pollution footprint, and readily available alternatives like natural gas and petroleum. But as coal for electricity and industrial use falls, the industry is trying to revive this old technology under a modern veneer.