Hello. Kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this program is typical of novorossiya, our name says it all, we are talking about the territory that has returned to its historical roots novorossiya with the help of a careful look at history. We will try to reveal the originality of her present day, find both typical features and recognizable signs of the past. And thats what well talk about today. The traction force of industrialization, how did borussia change in the 19th century . Why roads have become arteries magnates samuil polyakov in the second half of the xix century, the railway became the main factor in the rapid industrialization of novorossia and the entire russian empire. There were several good reasons for this. In the middle of the century, novorossiya was the largest exporter of russian grain. And if before that trade went mainly through the baltic , now through the azov and black seas, almost 2 3 of the grain was exported to deliver it to the port and in vases along the steppe roads. It became more and more difficult and expensive neighbors until spring. They turned into an impenetrable need for iron roads showed the sad experience of the crimean war. Army without them. Could not move quickly and was deprived of operational supplies. First trunk road. In novorossiya, built by private owners. They received loans from the state, available loans and even state mountains. Bonds of jointstock companies it was a profitable business, in which russian merchants, who created the initial capital in the trade in alcohol and wine farms , hurried to enjoy themselves in 1868. At the end of this , a young entrepreneur samui polyakov, he paved more than 800 km of track in records. For that time , the terms for a year and 10 months in 3 years, 1871 road from the kharkov province. The crimea was started by the old believer merchant peter the first train, sevastopol passed through it 4 years later in 1875. At the same time, construction began on the neva stone coal road, and it connected the mines with the port, mariupol jointstock companies were headed by a merchant and philanthropist sava mamontov, after 3 years the road was all three highways successfully worked and made a profit in the late nineties in the 19th century, the states were bought out on their basis, a Single Network was created, which was called the catherines railway. It passed through the kharkov province, all of new russia and the territory of the don cossacks, connecting the donetsk coal and krivoy rog iron ore basins. And on several of its branches. They transported coal, ore , metal to the southern ports of russia, and so began the rapid growth of mining and the development of heavy industry. In novorossia, on a famous poster of that time, the blood arteries that connect the region with the rest of russia were the railroads. All these changes have brought to the donbass glory of the iron heart of russia so long ago, by the decision of the russian government, the former section of the dnieper and donetsk railways of ukraine were merged into a New Enterprise. It got the name of the railroad of navorossia about yesterday and today of the highways in the plot anna efimova and destruction here, the corresponding battles in this area were especially fierce ; can you get there . Is it to volnovakha thats all the way 24 44 minutes the ticket price is 27 rubles. Many large transport hubs of novorossiya. After the fighting, they were cut. Now the main task is to connect the Railway Network anew and the newly created railways of novorossiya will take care of this. Serious knots is it volnovakha or does the donetsk troops have a threeyear program . We are on a plan. Uh, twentythree. This is the restoration of 60 km of track, this is the improvement of this infrastructure. We also plan to lay 76 turnouts. It is on the territory of the lugansk and donetsk railways that there are a lot of Restoration Projects and building structures, so now the restoration of the railway station, mariupol and let while passenger. Waxes are not in great demand and only a few hundred passengers depart from volnovakha in mariupol every day, nevertheless, in the zone of a special military operation. More than 30 commuter trains run in the lpr dpr alone. Among them are the innovative debaltseve lugansk debaltseve torez tselovaysk, mariupol volnovakha as well as the passenger train of makiivka lugansk, the demand, given the hostilities, is low, but still it is at the moment the structure of the railways is being formed, which will be included in donetsk lugansk or topolskoe, kherson railway. Heres the staffing table for the transfer of employees. How this will happen at the moment you are not yet ready to say. Here but all the people will be translated, this will allow us to switch to the standard that is applied by the Russian Federation to pull up all the Infrastructure Requirements documentation. Which is on the agenda, communication with the mainland, that is, the rest of the regions of russia , direct Railway Communication with major cities on the mainland, not only moscow and petersburg, but also rostovondon in voronezh can open up new perspectives. Communication on this route donetsk lugansk and to moscow or other directions, therefore, the entire infrastructure for these routes is ready. We, like the road builders, are ready to provide logistics for the industrial sector of donbass , which, despite the war, continues to give the big country tens of millions of tons of coal Metal Products of the Chemical Industry and engineering, this list can be continued up to date and feedback to the destroyed war regions. Donbass need to import special equipment from building materials. And here, without rail transportation, nowhere, the program for their restoration should be implemented as soon as possible. This will allow us to duplicate the crimean bridge in cargo traffic from central russia. In addition, for some cargo flows, especially those that go aa from the central region. This will reduce the distance by 30 , that is, due to the fact that they will pass along the newly formed railway. They will get to the crimea faster. Currently under Development Building issue. Highways for duplication of it closer to the sea of azov through berdyansk which will allow to ensure the operation of the promotion of cargo flows in modern conditions and will already begin to make it possible to recoup the funds and investments that will be invested in the development of this company and yet, despite the planned renewal of the wagon fleet, despite on all hypothetical routes and other innovations under the threat of new arrivals. It is hardly possible now to talk about the full restoration of Railway Communication in regions, in addition, against the background, the ongoing special military operations of the railroad novorossi. And sometimes you have to solve problems that are not part of the duties of most of them in peaceful territories, which is probably why the Crimean Railway was not included in the newly formed enterprise of the novorossiya railway. It is necessary to understand the state of these railways, it is necessary to understand what the load on the Railway Inside the donbass will be. That is, this is a whole bunch of highly specialized issues. This is how it looks like, according to the map, that the win again, there will be palliative measures, that is , it is necessary to somehow restore the main Southern Passage through kharkov and dnepropetrovsk, the creation of a New Enterprise on the crimean model. Outside the Russian Railways system, it can be said that in this way they tried to withdraw the railway monopolist from the passation strike. However, given that sanctions for most Russian Companies have already become commonplace, it is unlikely that the decision to create a separate structure of the iron strikes of novorossia is dictated only by these problems at the Russian Railways itself. Cant now lead two large project sites, that is , relatively speaking, until they complete the eastern polygon. But at full power, they cannot deploy in the southern direction. I think that if we finish the main part with the eastern test site before the year 25, then, starting from the year 25, we can still see quite actively the restoration and development of the further southern ue of the southern cluster. However , this is just the case when time endures and the saying goes more quietly, you will here fully justify itself, by the way , the governments decision to create a new structures for the first time introduced the concept of novorossiya into official circulation, and it is known that it is not limited only to donbas kherson and zaporozhye anna efimova Valery SavelyevAnastasia Popova is a typical novorossiya. Oh, the role of railways, you are not new russia and the prospects for the development of this industry in new territories. We will talk with our permanent expert, historian and political scientist alexander vasiliev. Sasha good afternoon. Hi construction of roads railways in the era of Rapid Development of capitalism. Well established like this. Uh, as it is now fashionable to speak of a driver in various european countries. But what are the features of this process, on the contrary, when the russian government took care of the need, E Construction of railways, and the word railway, it implies that the most important thing is the rails. Yes, and that these rails should not be carried. From where to produce them locally, and from was thinking about meeting such a factory. So here is the equipment. E for this plant, and the famous industrialist john hughes yes brought on a steamer to the ports of azov and from there. Ah, the future. Here are the basics of this railway, so to speak, a jerk on the shafts dragged here. Seadetails, there of these future blast furnaces, some other mechanisms there, and in the place where the yuzovka later arose today known as donetsk and the enterprise itself, which was created, it was called the novorossiysk Jointstock Company of coalfired rail production. Yes, because this idea will now be a plant, which, on the one hand, that is, roads are being built, and on the other hand, how would this plant be located in the center region, which is connected with the railway lines, a with the surrounding area. This was very important, and of particular importance, of course, was the road that crossed it to russia from north to south. Yes, uh, which connected petersburg moscow the Black Earth Region through kharkov and then the end point was sevastopol, the russian empire, a railway was created on borussia , the soviet union developed this network. And what happened in ukrainian times . E with the railways of novorossiya, well , we know the ukrainian times the enterprise will be ukrzaliznitsya. Yes, it means that it existed and, uh, one cannot say, that is, by ukrainian standards, it was a very successful enterprise. We especially remember the times of the era, uh, minister, kirpa, eh yes, when such a Renaissance Railway and Rolling Stock was reset to zero and so on late kuchma yes, it seemed that everything was so, and such a cloudless future for all this. Ah, farms. Oh well , remember in general, here is a map of the railways of ukraine. Yes, and er, the name of these railways, they often look rather strange. Here for example, the Southern Railway, its center was in kharkov and it was not very good by ukrainian standards. Its clear . Why is the Southern Railway practically, and the thing is that it was preserved for a minute, the tour of the russian empires, which really , kharkov was in charge of the same railway that i said, which led from central russia to the crimea and then here is the southwestern the railway, which here to ukraine also covered in it, why it was gas, because it was under the russian empire, the southwestern region. Yes, that is here this structure, it is a railway, so conservative, in general history. It was laid down, in fact, in tsarist times and soviet times. It has not changed so qualitatively, lets say, but of course , 2014, but very seriously, and the whole story, so to speak, e changed yes, because but especially for the donbass, of course, it was very difficult. And a blow. Well, yes, of course, that is, as if already functioning fully, even in the donetsk railway. It turned out to be, uh, only parts of it. Uh, inside the dnr and lnr. And then, when, for example, and after the debaltsevo operation, yes, the fifteenth year here, debaltsevo was the most important railway junction, and uh, here it is, if we assume there, and in donetsk there are miners and metallurgists. There gorlovka there, uh, these are chemists. But the debaltsev are the railroad workers. Its just like, well, the main figure. Prigorodskaya, here e or, for example, ilovaisk we remember the battles for him, too, in the fourteenth year. Yes, here is the ilabai cauldron, these are the names that today for us look like milestones in military history. Its actually in fact, very important junction stations of these railways, and of the donbass and. Of course, they suffered a lot, even just during the hostilities this year, the first state enterprise was created, in the name of which the word novorossiya railway in russia sounds like this will affect the development of the region and the industry for the first time, and since the time of the russian empire, a certain official institution has appeared, in the name of which this term is used, and, of course , today in front of the railways in russia, i specifically e before this, so to speak before recording our conversation , i consulted with experts in this field. Of course, its worth it. Well, a lot of problems. Eh, the military background is understandable. Yes , of all this, i already said that some part of, uh, infrastructure suffered very badly. During the hostilities over the years, thats what was directly damaged there, more or less restored, but there are a number of branches of some sort. It just wasnt used. That is , this equipment after such a long downtime. Well, of course, uh, the problems of such functioning arise, but this is not not all problem. The fact is that well, without going into the essence of railway mechanics, it is very difficult. Thats what kind of railways we have, so we have diesel locomotives. Yes, electric locomotives. Yes, respectively, it also means, that is, they will be electrified registered. And those that are electrified, they are on direct current and alternating current, then yes. And thats how it happened. Its just because of historical reasons that the donetsk railway, the basis for which today it will be the railway in russia, this direct alternating current does not correspond to it from the side. E, rostov region, railways and so on. That is, it is impossible , roughly speaking, to sit down there and just, but to drive even where there are railway tracks, you need to change, you need to change. Yes, but in the azov section right here in the direction of the crimea there is no electrified section at all. Yes, that is, these are huge, very serious infrastructural ones, but the problems and all this territory will essentially need to be built, well , in a new way, but simply built for the first time from that era. Here is the railway boom. And when is it was born and even experts say, a there is such a directly confident opinion that it will be much easier to build a new railway line, and along the sea of \u200b\u200bazov, to the south of already e, an existing new railway line. And why try to somehow modernize the already existing ones in this direction, and the ways and such, by the way, even at the same time in the early 19th century, the donbass already had a plan. E industrialists lay like this, this is the railway route. It did not take place then, as it were, yes, but today it uh, as relevant as never, because i will say this. Hmm, as it were, that this is also the devil of such a fullfledged Railway Communication. Here is our land corridor to the crimea , it cannot be called a fullfledged one, if we are talking only about cars. Thank you very much for an interesting story. If the highest elite of novorossia at first consisted of the military and administrators from the aristocratic class , prince potemkintavrichesky duke, darishil prince vorontsov and many others, then at the end of the 19th century. People quickly burst into it, without ranks and titles. But they were enterprising and skillfully organized the extraction of minerals, the smelting of metal and the movement of financial flows. Special caste railway magnates. Among them are people from ancient lore communities, pious and industrious people who have risen from the very bottom , the former serf peter ionovich. Guboynin. He started as a bricklayer, then took up contracts for thE Construction of bridges and railways , built the sevastopol road, received the rank of real state councilor and hereditary nobility for children. Another the wellknown railway oligarch, shroud mamontov, he became famous not only for his ambitious projects, but also as a patron and patron of famous russian artists and artists, having inherited shares of the Railway Company from his father, he set about building the donetsk coal road. The project was risky; mamontovs commercial courage sometimes bordered on adventurism, but in the end it paid off and began to make a profit, in addition to business , mamontov created a private opera pipe in which chaliapin sang a man to whom novorossia owes samuil solomonovich polyakov, the largest highway of kursk, azov and now donetsk, he was the youngest and most energetic of the railway oligarchs in his short life. He died at 50 poles built more than four thousand kilometers of tracks and became. Railway king of russia for speed and reliability in construction in 1878 he received an award at the world exhibition in paris roads. The first skills of businessmen. He acquired by helping his father a small prominent tax farmer. And although samuils education was limited to elementary school, the talent of an entrepreneur allowed him to make a dizzying career and be the entrance to the high bureaucratic offices of the russian empire. It was a time of general revival of industry, and the revival of the economy on the crest of this excitement. Naturally, new people, new faces, were erected. And polyakova was just one of them. This was the man who became a household name in in any case rich, as polyakov was. Heres Something Like a proverb samuil polyakov got his hand on the socalled petitia gatherings samuil polyakov started supplying materials for thE Construction of the highway of the Moscow District of the ways of communication here he gets acquainted with the future minister of Postal Service and the telegraphcount thick, and he instructs the young entrepreneur to clean up his estate polyakov he upsets a profitable distillery and, as a thank you, receives several postal stations from the count. Polyakov was apparently supernatural from birth. An organizer and a supernaturally sensitive person in the field of what needs to be done, well, its not for nothing that count tolstoy, his jews, in a period when the attitude towards jews was far from positive, made the manager of the post office. That is, uh, he is trust for those times. This colossal trust until the second half of the xix century. They were exploited in the russian empire. Mostly waterways and postal routes in 1867. Pavel melnikov, first minister of communications, returning from a trip to the United States where railroads were built at an accelerated pace. Technology makes a plan to create a russian Railway Network construction is trusted by local entrepreneurs on the basis of a concession concluded between them and the state. Uh, the private concession system, which was very debatable in terms of the decency of the concessionaires and the quality of conducting, so to speak, financial activities, nevertheless made it possible to increase the Railway Network five times in 10 years compared to the previous period, to adapt the system of accelerated Railway Construction to russian realities are destined it was samuil polyakov who had his trump the highest level of organization of decentralization of management and responsibility care for workers in polyakovs settings worked up to 70,000 people. At the same time , the mortality rate at work was not high , colossal support, construction was also provided by the state. For example, each of the 170 miles of the kozlovsky voronezh road cost the treasury 75,000 silver, which more than covered production costs. Train tickets they were metal and at the end of the journey. They needed return, and this is the First Railway passenger road, launched in 1837, in general , three main periods are distinguished in the history of the development of the Railway Network of the russian empire. Two of them fell on the time of samoilo polyakov, in total he built nine large railways and roads. Their total length is more than 4,000 km, march 1, 1868. Samuil polyakov received a concession for 85 years for thE Construction and operation of the kurskkharkovazov road. It became the core highway of the donbass, crossing its most coalbearing regions. Gotta understand that at that time the southern direction for russia was of strategic importance, especially after the crimean war, when it became clear that it was necessary to carry guns, weapons, machines, and from the urals far away to develop industry in the south. And for this it was necessary at least to build a railway line, the kursk stop on the don, with a length of more than 750 miles, was built by polyakov in record time for a year and 10 months, and after its commissioning for a long time. He actually remained its owner, the road connected the capital of the empire with the ports of the sea of \u200b\u200bazov, crimea and the caucasus, along it and adjacent branches they transported coal, ore, grain, salt, cast iron, products , the length of the road section through the donbass was about 350 miles, it was divided into three segments lozovaya slavyansk slavyanskkvortsyzsk, khartsyzsk taganrog, the road connected many enterprises, near it there were new factories, mines, the worker of the village of polyakov not only built railways and earned a lot of money on them throughout his life. He invested at least three million rubles in the creation of various institutions in the process of building kursk. Kharkov azov road. He established in gorlovka, under the korsun cop, the first in the south of russia, the Mining School of another school, zheleznodorozhnaya appeared Financial Support in kharkov in 1870 left me with few monuments of this charity, in particular a synagogue in moscow and st. Petersburg with his participation, he opened gymnasium schools in different places in just a few decades of the russian state. Covered by the Railroad Network by 1913. Their length was almost 80,000 km, so russia was ahead of great britain, france and germany, among other railway magnates. Much of this merit belongs to samoilova polyakova olga mokhova Anastasia PopovaValery Savelyev is a typical new russia. Thats all we wanted to talk about. Kirill vyshinsky was with you today. See you soon. As a very young man, he joined the ukrainian galician army. There, they were trained as scouts for saboteurs. And, of course, the monsters, the holocaust in lviv was organized by the ukrainians, 6 thousand people were destroyed, western Intelligence Services kept used in antisoviet activities. The russian army repulsed 15 high attacks, which lost about 600 more soldiers, officers and mercenaries on the destroyed 13 armored vehicles, as well as over a dozen selfpropelled guns and howitzers, including the american paladin and the polish crab in the kupinsky direction, the assault detachments of the Western Group took more advantageous positions in in the Kharkiv Region , air Defense Systems intercepted 15 shells in himovs, and 28 combat drones were shot down on the front line