A shortage of semiconductor chips continues to impact issuance of chip-based driving licences and automobile registration cards, to the frustration of new vehicle owners. During most of 2022 and the beginning of 2023, disruption in the supply chain and the Russia-Ukraine war caused a shortage of chips that meant that smart driving licences were not issued, said Pethi Sarguru, CEO of Versatile Card Technology (VCT), one of the largest manufacturers of smart cards used for PAN cards and voter IDs.