The country 1st was guided by ices and then spread between all the virus movie she and fractions. Leading to a very wide civil war and tried fighting against each other with the weapons in the hands of all the tribes. And now we have 2 central government, one in the west, and aaa, another one in the east into brook to, to unite the country. It has not been possible, and this is not going to be achieve any soon. So we know, looking at any soon or stability and libya economically via or dependent economy has suffered tremendously as a result of the photos get that fee. From you being annoyed at expos, country and producer, and that is, that was the main of itd be an economy now add the Oil Production has been disrupted so many times. The factions, austin, eating it and they smuggling it. And the, the economy in the country is really on the floor from the Security Point of view, the vacuum left by get that fees that lead to the rise of different dish that i bought from the, to government. And the these me to show control different both the country, the all vitamins and the no binders. In the south x ray, we speak about the borders with egypt. And with chad, our wide open the boat. It was denisia also. And also from the human right. We cannot talk about an improvement because the presence of these mediation nicest will get many. And it may be an ad for a not particularly that as youve shown, who are working in the country. Weve seen a kind of, uh, unusual situation and offered carrying towards a cetera and the last a, the migration that we see crossing from rape. Yeah. Or the be lowering and people coming from i forgot to cross to maybe it any and all that is this under control today. So the may to really intervention in 2011, played across a role in the study lising here. And there without saying that the innovation was illegal, because the United Nations allowed only the protection of civilians, but not to destroy the country, to destroy get duffys army and hes rules and to allow people to get in. So we can say that nato is in differential and a deal was any better than enough guy has done well in the rock. Now, many, many people have described libya now as a failed state, that the rule of law no longer exist. Youve got, you know, Major Military factions, practically, and in a fat balkanized thing, the country who are those military leaders, especially general, half star with his ties to washington. And indeed the lip yesterday is a freight state or a state with limits or center authority. And we have to offer a d and an old and it is and the central and the yeah, sorry and the east and we are in there, tripoli, and the 2011 and the wrench in the desk of kentucky at the time of booking these ation is often use to describe this documentation or if theyve yeah. So it is no longer one state because its not united. And because its ravished by militia and by a different factions. And because the division amount of the to parliament, to contrary to send for government is wearing heavy on. Yeah. And there, so we can say that the, the, the, the presence of the nato forces and the intervention just need to was devastating through the now. Yes, good that fee. When he was kidding, and then we have different if it goes back to miners, particularly the general. Cuz he for half the was in the boss an officer in get diabetes army. And a also was one of the other players. And then 1969, could you taught that broad duffy to power however, when a good that fee, it keeps them out for the wing, the war dried in 19. 00 eighties. You went through the United States and this is the way it is been very well known that you had to stop the strong ties with the c. I a and he returned to libya in 2011 as a c i a general c i a man and the libyan in general. So in 2014, we have seen the pastor played a significant role in military road. So he and he was responsible for an operation admitted to hopefully ocean in big guys the at that time, 2014 for the operation disney. And that was the beginning of a significant matric event. And his influence in that part of libya and he became the leader of the Libya National army. So the and then i left an a and b is based into brook. Hes one of the most pa submitted treat groups in the country. And he is receiving support from various countries including the United States. So he is not on the zone on the mid a tree fit in libya, but to use one of the most popular and clear ministry. So as we look at the reset, the stabilization in new share and more broadly across the so how could we say this is a knock on effect after the fall of libya and after the death of gadhafi . When we understand whats happening today in africa is indeed related to whats happening and what happened in libya and therefore to conduct the so good task. Understood that the unity among the outcome entries is impossible. Because many countries, particularly the goods for all the rich countries, wherever a tied to the us and uh, where hosting us spaces, military bases, and with complete to deliver it to the guys. So he thought, or that you know, by turning towards africa, he wanted to do and he started exactly what the bricks is doing today. And what did you, what order is trying to impose, it tends to kick out to the us, to germany and to give back to the african, the dignity, and stop the west in the resources fence so good that he has a vague grand vision for africa. True with his rules. He a position slip. Yeah. As a center play. Yeah. Enough for getting a say it was a vicious, it was driven by a mix of a is not ideal to g economy and political motivation, although he embraced the not most in african countries as well. And he had many initiatives you started with the kind of African Union and the transforming the organization for the optic and unity into optic and unit. And then he did that in 2011 before he uh was good. He saw at the union as a step, a c would a little bit away from the control of the United States and from the european colonialism control it. But. Ringback his vision was not fully embraced by the african leaders, because of the, the powerful presence of france and germany in the United States. And not the guy who did not want. I forgot to stand so soon. And he also wanted to the present the african investment. Eh, investing billions of dollars in africa and that he invested in the different sector, including agriculture, Small Businesses than the telecommunication reinstates hotels and much more. So he has invested in uh, in the, in bank. You want to degrade the african bang. You wanted to create the go do you know, and i think that was one of the reason why it was made the kid and that was an emissions plan. So today, off the guys waking up on all that and they see how the, the african whens, is over when mean, but it is misuse is stolen by the west and that. So this is why weve seen in my, the book and that price o and the j. Thank you. Can have the french and getting rid of the french colonialism. And i think other african countries would follow, but that would be much sill and more gradual. Right . Coming up next france a former colonial power across much of africa. Did they try to assess, make gadhafi in the eightys . Well discuss it when we return with elijah and maggie a so tight. The m. O will be right back. The the, in the way, the discovery of the new world. At the end of the 15th century, there appeared atlantics, laved ray, the slave traders from European Countries started building fords on the western coast of the african continent to transport the african inhabitants to america. To be forced into hard labor until the middle of the 17th century, portugal had played the main role. India said processed business then great britain, france and the netherlands took the leadership for this fan of 400 years of legal and illegal slave trade. About 17000000 people were forcefully shipped across the atlantic. Not including those who died on the way due to unbearable living conditions. Modern historians estimate that for each slave ship to america, there were 5 who died while captured during transportation and cruel obliteration of rebellion. This roof was the whole tre. Practiced by the leading European Countries, took away tens of millions of african lives. The organization of United Nations class advised the trans atlantics laved rate, as one of the greatest human rights abuses in the history of humanity. This is the biggest act of deep orientation of people ever seen by mankind. The, the, the, the welcome back to the m. O. I am the know a chance recently a to time former Prime Minister of italy, Giuliano Amato now 85 years old, told the media that a French Air Force missile accidentally down and a tale and passenger jet in the Mediterranean Sea back in 1980. That missile intended for gadhafi is military jet, which he did not bored. After being tipped off by the italians, gadhafi dodged that attempted assassination and many others. And his time to go on ruling libya for another 31 years after that alleged incident as reported by mister amato to eliza maggie. A veteran war correspond. It is back with us to discuss this complicated history and relationship so elijah, outside of his country. And as it pertains to the west, they had the sort of on, again, off, again relationship with gadhafi. They sometimes liked him. Other times load him. You know, they painted him as something of a lunatic or, or loose cannon. But they, for the most part, tolerated him. What was the final straw with him . What drove the us to lead this campaign to not only allister him, but kill him. I mean, was it the de dollarization talk . The Pan African Coalition ideas, the Gold Standard . Gold dinar. What was it that turned him into a pariah by the west . You would actually own what you have mentioned really. You see good that for you. When he started the he bid a major infrastructure across africa. He bids road bridges mosque and the, and one of the biggest projects that he did was name as the great manmade river. And that was design of an adult with names of concrete pipeline of 4000 kilometers and also to meet this ranges. And that he, he started the project in 1983 and he finish it in 1996. But to his client, i forgot to introduce the african bank. Like what the chinese did today as the asian, the bank, it to substitute you had the International Money through sound. And the was bank introducing this and injecting 100 a 100 of videos of daughters that she had. And he wanted to put such a big capital and bring all the african means really cutting off the west and the united space for bank control. Factory guy. Also, the gods, indeed not is not to be on the estimated because he believes he needed to free africa from the economic defenders on the west. And he charlies the dominance of the us doctor and the you. So this is what today the bricks hes doing in the last meeting, they decided to deal with their local currency. And this is why that is something that the americans can never allow. So that was one of the main reason why it was skin, and he was giving aid that to be used for different vice purposes. It was building hospitals and schools and funding scholarship for africans. It just didnt know from the libyan. So his involvement in promoting the old this revival of africa. Oh, was really accepted by the west. I mean, look today. Yeah. Friends buys you ranging from new jack at the 0. 8 dollars aquino. When in kind of that is sold for 200. 00 a kito. So what i have front is the spring, 220000000. 00 a year to the j in exchange of the reserve of the uranium cost. In fact, 54000000000. 00 on the free market. All that with the arrival. Good. Good. That for you. And hes or grand i, yeah. With the have put and to all that and to the us and the you and the west and colonialism and it was cut off the cheap all the steps of the african Natural Resources. And this is why they could have, wow, that is quite a profit. So libya had deep ties to italy and france under gadhafi. Can you explain that for us as well . Yes. And if you have relations with 80 and friends during the doctor, you were on different levels. So you started early normally go political and strategic dying mention. So libya and it did, they had uh they are oh, and the colonial and the history between 19111943. So the ad that played the foundation for the relationship that was the defender and later on into an improvement of the relationship, particularly doing good stuff. He took the power in the late sixtys. It became one of leave us most important trading pop s. The distance is racial by see, and it maybe i used to export or do it to me. And the n e b died in the Energy Company was in a direct the heavily involved. And then theyve been ordered in guys, exploration and production. And the in 2008 infiniti and theyd be assigned, they started per tree that was known as a friendship tree. And then that the fox and Corporation Agreement and the way it did it agreed to pay 5000000000. 00 in compensation for its going enroute. Is this something that france is refusing to do with the juliet and other african country . So as an exchange, libya promised to supply the with or, and to try and stop all the migration that at that is crossing to the tiny show and them the front. And so there are a, like, its in a significant economic interest in libya. The French Company are involved in india and libya also in their own infrastructure and the in providing weapons to libya after the goodness of cuz he presented himself as a president , 2007, a good, definitely financed is getting paid. This is why the president , he was one that they need those in europe who even before the united nation, a resolution to defend the civilian. So yes, the relationship is owed is sorted. During that that fee. I remember the famous picture Silvio Berlusconi when he was a Prime Minister kissing the end of get davi when he land at the airport. If you, regina, so all this, its a history and its very grounded history. But unfortunately, they or because fight to put him looking into the future, what does the future of libya look like . To the warring factions, make peace and re unite the country . What about all the oil fields and should, should there be un interventions here, at least on humanitarian grounds . For this thing, the future in libya is trying to g a. The situation has been very fluid then since the assassination of get duffy um the or the moment of Health Search assignment ceasefire and Peace Agreement and for the 2 government to talk to each other. And the presence of bias fractions, each with its own set of interest in foreign backers, makes the Peace Process very complicated in dpi. And the International Pressure is on and off and it depends on the interest. So you have the United States, then you have the immune rate, you have the day key and you have your europe. And because of the Large Oil Reserves in africa, that is the money addiction. It is not a blessing, it may have been a blessing for the, for the libyan. And when the doctor was around, but today is a cost because everybody wants the or, and everybody wants to control the, or the width of the glass eh, reducing the production. And so the european and the americans are going to dig not forgotten, may be libya, because libya and the rest of africa are very rich in the organ guys. So in the peaceful scenario and the reconstruction of the economy, the oil and guys were done under the control, the libya is this what the americans and europeans, one in this crisis where they are fighting the russians. They are not taking with they austin, taking the russian guys in order that without denouncing it, but its not like before. And they off struggling because after the guy is cutting the road on an ex protein, the african continent, and they want to be treated on equal basis and send their Natural Resources on the fed locked in price. So the rece, the belies in libya really be sort of yeah, i dont think today for it falls into the interest of the western community the, the reconstruction of libya. We bring that in lots of money because it has us, it. But it just was the west one. I doubt that there is any need for a peace today in different countries. Im state with countries because only with, with the United States is surviving. And today the new itd be us up ministrations is freezing. All the other conflict in the why, particularly in syria and iraq, doesnt want to put out okay by north east syria doesnt want to put out from the right. Not withstanding the decision of the iraq upon them in, but they want to keep the, the stuff to cool as it days because theyve very busy in fighting russia and trying to upset the chinese at the same time. So this is why its difficult to say that there is a way to speech because we havent seen for the last 23 years. Any mother, any european and American Mother or natal mother to greet piece anywhere. But to bring on the wall, theres what they have done, and theyve got this done. Ive done the in the rock in libya, in syria, and they know going to stop suddenly, but the piece had stopped saying, when we one piece to re get it to be re gain in libya, we want to re establish peace because this is not their philosophy does not the doctrine, they dont think theres a set of weapons and now they have it. They cross their market. Its sending webpage to or western and eastern europeans because they are send these countries all sending all their weapons to fight frustrating ukraine. And the americans all supplying these countries, new weapons, but not for free because they sending it to these countries. And the, the pre tax offs, demonizing the russia and afraid of russia as invasion if youre, which is completely ridiculous and nonsensical. So to return to your question, i think its very difficult to see any piece in the next 2 years as long as item is empower. And we dont see what the next president is going to bring with him. Yeah, sadly it sounds like peace in libya or reconstruction is many, many years away. Uh, elijah maga, thank you so much, elijah is a veteran war correspondent. Um make sure you check out elijahs work at e j. Maggie a dot com. Thank you for being with us. Great to be here. Thank you for your time. All right, that is going to do it for this episode of modus operandi the show that dig deep into Foreign Policy and current affairs. Im your host window a chan. Thank you so much for 2. And again, well see you again next time to figure out the m. O the, the thing that would inform you to with them for the gifts that the state of celia was missed because they did just wouldnt care to get through the new year. Oh, fortunately, i teach. So i know for me teaching the scholars that should thoughtful, i knew that as im going to west, i look forward to with that to. Shes more, its the ocean by cheese. And when youre moving lets move. Im on. Im really starting from portsmouth to most of my big luggage and move many so with the competing animal just i get i as well or so. The lowest, the unload over the age of 30 to the the cussing. Right. And you see the shy finish. This is just all, just for good news. Im a fraction of what do you come seem to do friday . Yes. If thats what you ordered. The people for the, for sure. Interested in the temperature of the induction to some of this the, the hungry. This being a member of the european union, the nato since 1999 during the 1st post. So good wave of natos eastwood expansion number to be sales because of this the me log a sense is dylan. I felt that i see like that uh by the contents of e. So me that me if so we get back. I shall zap, i did do my i just bought the pretty show the name. Yeah. Its the lawyers now will beach, but i see, but i see us layouts by choice, some of which east, on the way in the early ninetys hungry was a country with a west view of russia dazed article disagreements left over from the soviet union. The why do you, what did you, some of them, not yours . Im going to go to what i see if you will, if you must, somebody in the group. And the reason for more than that is what i see is great. And i did as a, its a political though as much for the im so sorry. Is this, how is it outside of the roof of border crossing, connecting garza with egypt . Carter security tools is lottie. As, as huge clouds of piracy is of being gathering at the check point. It tends to provide the size of that toll in gods as a positive 2700. 00 the you and says, the region is quote, on the verge of the face. Even those residents taking shelter and if he comes to not escape the atrocities they kill innocent people in 5 days we have we