Categories. One of the most effective places in the world is to media, and he has a 7000 big small and medium sized volcanoes. Here, you know, 2 roughly ups of 300 of them, of the cones. And so the are active volcanoes that theyre renting. Now youve got the food around all have a ruptured long ago. Thats a come. Jessica also has full super active volcanoes that are guaranteed to erupt every year. Right. Michael and super volcanoes. They all 6, if you look at the whole kind of groups of scholarly volcano governments to start as me on the over the cutting scheme by them does have come child care is a Cross Section of how full of volcanic activity pushing way to produce. Thats because a 150 kilometers east of here in the oceans going near the pacific tectonic plate is the thinking under the arrangement tectonic play t. Hey, john scan, what you, what i see is that blade is about a 100 meters thick morse. It goes down a few 100 kilometers and down the it releases hotter liquid because of the water roll around it got to it, but thats called fluid melts. The rocks cutting them into magma. But the mag mode, which is the surface and come chop go with the pacific plate under contract, co resisting change 10 centimeters every. Yeah, but weve got some very fast. You have to go right to the speed. The more magnet was produced and ultimately released to and so we have multiple kain, those that are reputable frequently. So you mentioned that were right here on the ocean, specifically the pacific ocean, the contract peninsula projects out into it. What is the pacific ring of fire and what role as contract to play in that range . If those you kind of show up with us, thats a very good question. Its a very important question. So the pacific ring of file to humanity is the most expensive geological structure that exists on the planet to have a site to 80000 kilometers. Its huge. Got it accounts for 80 percent of the active volcanoes on the voice induced 80 percent of us quakes on us that and 89 percent of tsunami is i could also impact 35 percent of the people on our planet to enter more than a 30 see so even from these broad calculations, presto, you can see that this is a very important structure for humanity doria. So yes, it is a ring of fire. Dont come. Jessica is one of the most active segments within that ring. Your breakdown scolding the card. So what about looking inside volcanoes isnt safe to say that looking into a volcano is like looking inside our earth. And whats the most important thing that a volcano can tell us when we take that looks the whole time. Ok now is like a window into the depths of our planet is the way you can have a look at it. The whole complex of things that we can understand and see whats going on inside the us in the festival. Tell me the melted rock window, standing on this solidified med, comes from literally thousands of kilometers onto the surface, which thats where its produced was meant for. The 1st thing we can do is study this material being where it came from. You see how it goes here, so we probably devolved and whats inside it. All right, so thats one of the most important things for us or jump on. Yeah, the next thing we can do is understand the root system of ok. Noticed that hes the overlying real, ive called on the video of a line rock is located in the water here. So g assemble stream fields can form that. So well kind of these deals. Most stream fields are a source of green energy, which is becoming more popular with every year seattle, and of course, you more necessary. In fact, we really should worry about the state of our planet and up as well. Another very important factor that is also related to volcanoes is guess youre like, im sure gas is released by volcanoes into the atmosphere know and help create the conditions that allow us to breathe and live to on the one of the most distinguished scientists took his time you worked at the institute of elk analogy inside apology and contract a was doctor, you have given him up team in a school. Also the theory that life on us evolved thanks to volcanic activity. Well, they helped form the general conditions on us. Thats clear theres you mean . Yeah, the belief that volcanoes made it possible for life to of old, on the view is what is required some very specific conditions. Some of the combination of the right temperature gas is the water, electric discharges, and so on, as it might be at some point to something close to life, begin to evaluate them as id like to put the process continued on its own. So im gonna proceed. You know, ive heard you mentioned a couple of times during our conversation that there are different types of volcanoes and ive also heard you say the volcanoes are like people. Uh, theyre all different. Uh, can you tell the different volcanoes around here from their personalities . Yes. Of course thats sketchy. Well got it. Ok. And i was even sleep in different way. But as number i got it down you mission that is on the way they a rock. Theres also a completely different salem on the whole, we can divide volcanoes into a few times, is going to keep him use by site that we will there a bustle, 12 k. Notice thats the deepest material i noticed when it comes up to the surface, which did practically doesnt change it, dont see where it flows and beautiful lama streams. This is always visible. And one that media always shows us because everyone loved from watching them with ideas. There are others the media. If the mag members held on the ground, each composition changes and crystals form and dizzy the room. And it turns into the citric magma media group. I tried to sit, take them back, but practically doesnt flow a tool. Is you telling me it just explodes this way . Its very dangerous and unpredictable and this year and, and just to take them back. Well, well, i do not know isnt one of the most famous and pacific magma volcanoes is mounts and highlands. Im busy now in russia, it does me on the hook. Im shiver yellow. And so dont you currently need those of these volcanoes have a different competitions. Were not even when they are wrapped, photographers have little chance of capturing them because they explode in seconds and destroy amber things. And thats why we rarely see them. Oh, heres this, use any other sheet than the other type. So they thought it was, and right like volcanoes got off the phone, big caldera by then, so on that if theres any. So depending on the condition of the material, and depending on whether its muscle on the side and roll or right like to exec, then based on the magnetic system involved in, you know, kind of corruptions, can be completely different sending you because the issue of war then take into account the volcanoes, age height vary the amount of times and its loss direction. So simple and you can see there a huge difference is a little bit of an issue. But i have to ask which is your favorite volcano and why . You have you ever asked me said youre 1st time i visited the volcano of the student in sky. Fantastic, beautiful volcano, adult level and i worked on the go to the volcano after which erupt it, but to me, cuz then when i go to a job and the institute of both an older to yes, i began working at the fantastic. Im just going volcano, which erupt quite often. Well, in america, i mean on the cute, a way of ok know, and how i, you know, i collected love a samples that were like bombs mean . Yes. Yes, my dad to get everyone wondered how it was possible. I dont belong better than i was in and talked to go in japan and i had to put in here working on trivial to be then miss me on a girl. And they got a huge number of okay. Knows. Yeah, cuz theyre all different instances and i like each one of them click on use like constantly with ton took the chips going. Of course by fluids, you have written a book about it. And so again, to answer your question seriously, really well, i can say that my love for volcanoes is multi faceted, high level volcano, so, but just going is always special to me. I get a new one. Yeah. Okay, perfect. All right. I know that were in the middle of a bunch of our candles right now, but theres other places that we need to get to look at to them. Of course, the locate knows erupt income, shatka almost every day. It shall village, and busy in the audience that old aquinos had explosive your options. Just recently, an engineer and full canal just victor full of was caught right in the thick of the fixture. Thanks for bringing us out here to surveillance your area as a special expertise. When most of us think of a volcanic eruption, we think of lava, but whats really happening behind the scenes when a well kennel erupt. Whats the process like, whats what it was . What is actually happening . Nobody knew the serial, which i will go up if im a refractory, she felt sure the volcano that you can see right here is an example of the movies youd expect to see. Theres a big, tall mounting with the red hot lava flowing down the side and you are in the middle. Thats what you never see you, but she built me much real good. The might see some red hot rocks is rolling down at night for glowing and the dogs. But thats it. What you might, you find your opportunities to todd of getting gas and shooting up as 20 kilometers and then falling over at lodge area. No more that nobody may have to do with the most recent of option on the, for the level this year. But im open to my team, an eye witness to us spreading over an area about 200 by 400 kilometers and meet you through this. But thats not even seeing these huge areas that covers a large part of central and northern. Come jessica commtrans can you were here. You saw it with your own eyes. I wouldnt even have to go as far as to say, you experienced it. What was that like, or if somebody did not show it will start at about 70. It was so seeing fox, the rupture of started at 1 am until like no one noticed the wireless smell. But then it was dark and move hard to see anything in the inside. Sylvia, weve got a call from our driver who said, no, theres some sort of loud thunder out there that the girl walked out and we saw snow falling with. So we thought it was a storm recording for still dark floor to use the flushing light and saw these with the full lodge leak. Scrolling down my foot, when we tried to catch them, i understood wed notice to us gree, ask us our pitch donkey up a new line to go and remain down to the osh. Kept funding for 4 hours for him. It was always the 1st on that road through the clouds about mid day until then your suit code as if someone switched off the saw nice not to see when you couldnt see your and had it all the flush, the people in the settlement thats located 4 to 5, kill them at the south of ok. Mitchell to had a little flash 8. 5 centimeters. Take out the full kennel slope here and it will cause their of match was between 12 of switching sentiment to speak about this was for the up and all this happened within the very short time of the less than 24 hours. Lots of ash and lots of thumbs down the airport. As cloud drops, it can also trigger likely and so the 50 kilometers away. One of the mostly sounded like a cardboard trainer was running through the village. Was incredibly loud. Government boys, im pretty much because of yours annual kennel interruptions offered and disrupting local and international as Charlie Morley just quietly. Just can you just ask her about some up to 20 kilometers. How i would have to go to a steve cuz she village here too. So they always capable of a safe spot for the late april this year. Uh, vision. Yeah. You dont nationally, were that over the head killer because high or so. This is dangerous because were kind of anxious to meet of tiny particles of glass notifications, less heat loss has moved stages from being rude in water for a long time at the clinic. Now she has very shopping pages and since you can really touch, if you hate me up or how do you ice lug there are helpful to old kinds of air crime because of the disrupt, the engine you back in april. Here we had a few simple bows away using and 3 of them and broke down after just a few days where the overall report is, what kind of cache can do a lot of hard for the business. But its a pretty aggressive substance. First of all in terms of peoples health, but also in terms of missionaries, if its improved, the ash is also heavy and large amounts of it can damage groups to read the flaw. So its a good chance of the russian that actually helps knew that your tissue drove like, but that much the now france will vary why that will give them the bigger and stronger them before the rupture lied to that so. So in a way, to actually sit for, to live for local files to go ahead and to review observable care for many years in a row. And part of them youll see that 1st of all kind of interruption destroys everything that grew on that. And if so, were about 5 to 10 years. They dont include that will be much take out and big a for us going there again, some through. So volcano is both destroyed and that support lives through the alexi. Were a little bit crazy. Were standing on an actual lava flow coming in was absolutely fascinating because you can see some thermal vents still letting off their steam. I guess i have to ask, we hear about volcanoes being dormant to this one was that one . What does it take for a volcano . Actually to erupt and become active again of what kind of us and yeah. Ok. Those dont go anywhere the so they can always wake up because theres always a symbol slo, been nice. Some of the generates new maxima know as soon as a certain quantity of magma builds them. Theres practically no other way for it to go. When it reaches the surface of the to the defense has to get russian takes place. First of all, pros, ebony its only a matter of time of life. The quantity of magma generation is not sufficient. House not in the sleep intervals alone. And heres the lots of magma builds up quickly. Well, the end tables a shield. Now ive heard that one in every 10 volcanoes interrupt happened right here and contract. Is that true . Yeah, by boy. Oh, no opinion. More or less. We know that some volcanic eruptions can be predicted, but some not. We know that theres also that theres a lot of Interesting Research in this field and new information that is coming forth. Um, what makes the difference in terms of when we know when, when we dont know if those you guys have with us, thats one of the most important questions in bulk analogy. You know what weve noted, the whole volcano is a different and that is not always a volcano has interrupted for a long time. And all of a sudden the mag, my begins to rise closer to the surface and that, you know, you might breaking its way through the rock and me that, that, and we get of all kind of goes quick. Is that the seed . No, yes. So you cannot, if theres a roots out for the meg, my already well established with a blank with the coach of scully volcano. Thats american. Thats quite comedy. Flows to the surface and whatnot will discuss quakes and proceed. Interruption rarely felt and see if if people so it really depends on the type of ok know and they wanted structure because that was not how long its been since interruption in the area. Youre saying this is more of a question for my mom. Are we safe . Is it possible for a volcano to her up right now before our eyes . Yes, the sun is, especially if you on the drag when youre on the volcano with the next bud vulcan ologist and were going to like a youll be fine if you are finished. No, yes, we did without one. Yeah. Theres no guarantee in terms of the age of all chinos. How old is the volcanoes that were standing on right now, and theyve got the order which has not for the love of that you are now standing on dates back to 2012, 2013. It will update to young love assuming that these are all young volcanoes, but thats we always put a particular focus on study and young volcanoes. He will come, thats my job with this. I love study in young volcanoes because this place is a work in progress as will be the process. Its very important to have access to the process as it occurs. Know guys, the media, really geology and a science studies. 3 states of matter. Gas, gas is liquid in solid wood volk analogy is distinguishable from all the wrist starting of the shape issues it is it also studies liquid matter really this liquid . Yes, i agree 10 years ago. I think that that brings me to another question about the force of a volcano. Is it possible to predict how strong interruption is going to be . For example, theres this mess or an idea that if its been dormant for a long time and then it goes to a lot and its going to be more powerful interruption. Another more to do so on the whole it can be possible, but not always the does a method goals which are for chronology i was to what do you want, which is very important for understanding how powerful interruption of of ok. And it will be used that way. We have them this device, it different. So you take a layer of the ash deposit, my pleasure, you study the lumber study of the process is study the volcanoes depth structure actually moves them avenue in 2 ways. And then we reconstruct the history of the volcanoes, it already exists. Theres just that he has to those nice stories and accordingly, perfectly can make predictions about future processes that may take place. Yeah, yelling, expensive studying the geology and use the to for chronology and do the lava metro, logy and geo physics. You see, and then gave easy to a lot of complex research that, that might show us how a volcano will function. But actually im gonna ask you to look into the future to be a clairvoyant. If you dont mind, when do you use . I think the next big eruption is going to happen here in kentucky. Yeah. The more yeah. Issue, i hope all the young and Strong Enough to witness the interruption. Celia products from this that i, in the end of my institute is still going to be strong for us to do a good job studying it is what she, what kind of for you. And that will be able to predict whether this option will be dangerous for people who havent come jessica, as well as for plains and Everything Else and know what the use the i see. So i hope it will happen in the near future. Ill say the 102030. Yes. I mean, yeah. Look, thats not a long time and geology. One more step in just to your intuition here. What about the next bigger epson in the world . No, i know exactly. Well, it will definitely happen and we already have a huge number of problems in the world. And there was a huge number of volcanoes on the lease to work on. If you come in to come, jessica, who are your nice lens will and the philippines you need be are also underwater volcanoes. You have, i wouldnt try to guess. Now you have only said it would be better to do this if you ever was that light and all these conflicts between countries and unite the countries around the pacific ring. A file, id say we didnt have all the scientists to Work Together using different methods to predict the very extreme subsided, ominous events of the definitely awaits us with the that would be great. Let me check it. I thought id say its been a fascinating conversation. Thank you for bringing us out of here. Now weve got to get out of here safely. Huh. Does lash the how it works is your so whenever you are with me, so youll be fine. The it is impossible not to mention our pilots here. This is one of the most difficult places on earth to navigate and is considered that some of the most experienced pilots are here and construct. If the any kind of t of was hours the we can do the story without talking to the pilots because weve seen some amazing flying with you guys here. So thank you for that. I guess i have to ask, what is it like flying these conditions around volcanoes . Is it exciting . Is it scary, is it just normal . And the construct inside the ocean city is theres a lot of fun flying around. Come check on the said 1st when i just started watching it was a little intimidating, of course, but eventually it grew on me up in fax, off to come check out any of the places, especially with no mountains to fly around to confirm jack has become a 2nd time to me, i know that he can actually change the dynamics of an aircraft. And in this region theres lots of thermal zones where theres volcanic activity. How does that affect your flying is . Is it dangerous . Efficient the in charge of the chain when to budget corrupted. So for that, we flew up the law of a river that didnt apply to it had a hard time with the heavy comp technician because on zeros and we kept losing altitude because of the heat. So it was really dangerous when she was also a situation in go, or any volcano we went, the with a team of bolton ologist possible from across the crate or the volcano is quite small. And so the guys went down with me. They had a rescue with them whose job is to make sure they can make it back up using roku roku, but something went wrong and they got stuck. And i was annoyed with reading doc and we had to think of a way to get them out. So we for the shopping down slowly into the crater when picked them up. As of that, it was Something Else to twice a story. So whatever, thank you very much. Its been incredibly interesting flying with you and we appreciate the work that you do appreciate it. Lets see what its not just the volcanoes that give come chunk of this and worldly landscape called arrows, and geysers are some of natures unique creations. Here and come shatka, there is a whole valley of them. This is where we will speak to you. We have full of the geologist, an expert, can these phenomenon julia, this is kind of a landscape from a different world. Thank you for bringing us out here. Um, before we get to this, i wanna ask you about the colors. We know that theyre related to locating activity, but what exactly are the caldera is a very large structure, measuring many kilometers in diameter, july it emerges as a result of a mass of interruption, starts when a large amount of magma burst out of a pool located close to the surface, causing a big explosion, the fight after that, as the mag a muscle emptiness of the land caves in forming a large recess like a vast aggression or a gold, confined by phone. An example of that is the, was in guys are called there where we are standing now. So what that is, if you look over there, you will see the edge of an ancient caldera that was formed tens of thousands of years ago. So when were flying over here, we saw this Beautiful Lake molly was in the uh, it was beautiful in terms of its color. Its been called green lake, but now its blue, but its not really water down there. Is it . Its Something Else. Perhaps we wouldnt want to go swimming. There wouldnt be, ma is demolished him, yatchuck volcano, and the lake at the bottom of its crater are 2 absolutely unique phenomenon when you call. They are unique because the water in the lake is extremely acidic with a p h level below ones. Which of a centrally is this to sion of social eric acid was the hydrochloric acid and even a little hydrochloric acid, a very strong mix up of the volcano, ologist. I went to explore the lake and a rubber boat. Barely made it back to the shore. As soon as the aluminum force that they were using to row had nearly dissolved. So the lake is absolutely unique to here need. Why similar ones can be found in japan, indonesia, and new sealants. They are extremely rare in the world around sure. And come child got this is the only lake lake that the volcano goody, only used to have a lake like this before. But that one disappeared after interruption in 2010. So were left with just this one was to move on. In fact, the volcano is getting more active now. The water level in the lake is rising and something dangerous may happen soon. The crater wall may collapse august, letting all of this drawn aggressive a city water flood the surrounding area. So you, its a good thing. Nobody lives around here. Lets talk about geysers. And we know that theyre very rare. And we know that they are connected to volcanic activity. What are they . Visors are very rare phenomenon called darrell hundreds and thousands of thermal springs in the world with standard very few guys are almost every one of them has a name and its own temper. So, how does it work that are you . This area of the valley of geysers is the edge of a large caldera, whos in guys are caldera, which acts as a giant water reservoir, through sub surface rocks of crags, and then, and water filters down through those cracks to the body of magma close to the surface there, the water is heated, up to 300. 00 degrees will get saturated with the gases, and then this hydrothermal flow starts rising towards the surface. What about the difference between the hot springs and geysers . Um, i know that you wouldnt want to go swimming and one of these briefly tell me the difference between those i this, the spring is boiling and bubbling all the time. Sometimes they call it a pulsating spring. Essentially its always active. Whereas a guys are shoes, water periodically, and it can go silent for hours sometimes days from, depending on the guys there. So thats the key difference, that you have distinct hydrodynamics behaviors on here. Probably the most of the water itself is just wonderful. And if i could, id go swimming in a guys or after this trip i would. Its sodium chloride water with a low mineralization. A neutral to sub alkaline con positions and contains some nice elements like source, like acid and bar on that. All of that is really good for your health. Id go take a bath like that any time of the day, but there is just one small problem. Geothermal springs can be cold, warm, hot and boiling. And a geyser is a type of a boiling spring, which says it all hes a humans are imperfect creatures. We cannot bait and water thats heated up to 90 to 100 degrees celsius. You claim that said, there are some hard core organisms and nature so they can actually enjoy geysers. Me because you may have noticed the color for rock formations around the gays or blow holes in. These are a thermos feel like micro organisms, the satellite show mobile do like both the near boiling water and the extreme p h condition. They also like mercury, antimony, and other elements. So those are the kinds of amazing creatures weve got here. And one more thing, these thermal files are the reason the guys are right is painted in such a vibrant and saturated colors by itself when the guys right is gray and unimpressive. But thanks to thermal select organisms, we have all this stained glass like artwork, to enjoy and say, heres a time to speak with us. Its been incredibly interesting. And it can, we, to learn more about the, the, the, in the midst of the shower and the bone. The Soldier Monument was erected in 1947 and the estonian capital mazda associates authorities, origin. Any bells above the burial site of troops remains its memorials of the soldiers who gave their lives in world war 2 will say, its good that i need to go to the department in the morning and forgive for really confused in 2007. 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